FISPGHAN statement on the global public health impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

As rates of obesity rise worldwide, incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is increasing, worsening the burden of healthcare systems. The council of the Federation of International Societies for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (FISPGHAN) identified the topic of MASLD epidemiology, treatment, and prevention as a global priority issue to be addressed by an expert team, with the goal to describe feasible and evidence-based actions that may contribute to reducing MASLD risk. The FISPGHAN member societies nominated experts in the field.

Renal Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumors Exhibit Distinct Genomic and Epigenomic Features and Lack Recurrent Gene Fusions: Comprehensive Molecular Analysis of a Multi-institutional Series.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JxGCT) is a rare type of renal neoplasm demonstrating morphologic overlap with some mesenchymal tumors such as glomus tumor (GT) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Its oncogenic drivers remain elusive, and only a few cases have been analyzed with modern molecular techniques. In prior studies, loss of chromosomes 9 and 11 appeared to be recurrent.

Improving PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy for complete remission of lung cancer by nanoPDLIM2.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their combination with other therapies such as chemotherapy, fail in most cancer patients. We previously identified the PDZ-LIM domain-containing protein 2 (PDLIM2) as a bona fide tumor suppressor that is repressed in lung cancer to drive cancer and its chemo and immunotherapy resistance, suggesting a new target for lung cancer therapy improvement. In this study, human clinical samples and data were used to investigate genetic and epigenetic changes in lung cancer.

Psychosocial needs and outcomes of adults with spina bifida: A scoping review, 1974-2023.

Limited evidence exists that serves to guide the field of practice and research pertaining to the long-term issues and needs of adults with spina bifida. Understanding the lived experience of adults with spina bifida has lagged behind considerably resulting in limited evidence-based guidance for individuals with spina bifida and their families and the health care professionals who provide services to this population. Given the paucity of knowledge of the lived experience as it pertains to adulthood, this scoping review was undertaken.

Clinicopathologic Study of 28 Cases of Tubulocystic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Is It Time to Reclassify It as a Tubulocystic Renal Cell Tumor?

Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (TC-RCC) is uncommon and is defined by exclusive tubulocystic growth. Its clinicopathology is still evolving. Twenty-eight cases of so-defined TC-RCC were studied for clinicopathology as well as, in some cases, immunohistochemistry.

Polyfunctional IL-21 IFNG T follicular helper cells contribute to checkpoint inhibitor diabetes mellitus and can be targeted by JAK inhibitor therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is limited by the development of autoimmunity in healthy tissues as a side effect of treatment. Such immune-related adverse events (IrAE) contribute to hospitalizations, cancer treatment interruption and even premature death. ICI-induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM) is a life-threatening IrAE that presents with rapid pancreatic beta-islet cell destruction leading to hyperglycemia and life-long insulin dependence.

Nth Slice Eraser: An Automated Algorithm to Ease Editing Workflow of Organ Contours Generated by Artificial Intelligence.

The time-consuming process of manual contouring of healthy tissue and organs in radiation therapy has prompted the development of computational systems to aid and automate this process, such as artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation and interpolation algorithms. These algorithms are useful in saving time, however, they are not always accurate. Fixing such inaccuracies by editing contours is a manual, time-consuming process as no 'undo' feature currently exists in the most commonly used treatment planning system (TPS).

Incidental Coronary Artery Calcification and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Background Incidental findings of coronary artery calcifications (CACs) are not consistently reported, and the clinical significance relating to cardiovascular outcomes remains to be established. In this single-center cross-sectional study, we assessed the association between incidental coronary artery calcification documented on formal chest CT reports and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods A MACE was defined as the occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, or undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

JTH in Clinic: deconstructing the ISTH hemophilia guidelines for the clinician.

Recently, the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Hemophilia Guidelines were published in this journal. The authors of these guidelines should be commended for a herculean task that took years to complete, and while this is no doubt a welcome addition to the literature, it does leave many questions for the clinician. This is primarily because 11 of the 13 recommendations are conditional, essentially meaning "that clinicians and patients need to consider individual preferences as well as the specific circumstances in which the decision is being made for implementation of the recommendation.

Targeting clonal mutations with synthetic microbes.

Recently concluded, large-scale cancer genomics studies involving multiregion sequencing of primary tumors and paired metastases appear to indicate that many or most cancer patients have one or more "clonal" mutations in their tumors. Clonal mutations are those that are present in all of a patient's cancer cells. Clonally mutated proteins can potentially be targeted by inhibitors or E3 ligase small molecule glues, but developing new small molecule drugs for each patient is not feasible currently.

Assessment and medical management of weight regain after adolescent metabolic and bariatric surgery: a narrative review.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in adolescents results in durable treatment of severe obesity and related complications for most. However, substantial weight regain can undermine long-term health benefits. There is no evidence-based standard of care for the medical management of weight regain after MBS in pediatrics or adults.

Metabolic Dysfunction and Alcohol-related Liver Disease (MetALD): Position statement by an expert panel on alcohol-related liver disease.

This position statement explores the intricate relationship between alcohol intake and metabolic dysfunction in the context of the 2023 nomenclature for steatotic liver disease (SLD). Recent and lifetime alcohol use should be accurately assessed in all patients with SLD to facilitate classification of alcohol use in grams of alcohol per week. Alcohol biomarkers (i.

Multi-ancestry GWAS of severe pregnancy nausea and vomiting identifies risk loci associated with appetite, insulin signaling, and brain plasticity.

While most pregnancies are affected by nausea and vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is at the severe end of the clinical spectrum and is associated with dehydration, undernutrition, and adverse maternal, fetal, and child outcomes. Herein we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy of 10,974 cases and 461,461 controls across European, Asian, African, and Latino ancestries. We identified ten significantly associated loci, of which six were novel (, , , , , and , and confirmed previous genome-wide significant associations with risk genes , , , and .

Wnt/β-catenin maintains epithelial IL-33 in the colonic stem and progenitor cell niche and drives its induction in colitis.

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key responder to intestinal injury and inflammation. In the colon, it is expressed by several cell populations, with the specific cellular source likely determining its role. The colonic epithelium expresses IL-33; however, the factors controlling its production and the specific epithelial lineage(s) expressing IL-33 are poorly understood.

Improving Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Primary Care Clinics: Recommendations From an Interdisciplinary Geriatrics Summit.

As the population ages, the prevalence of cognitive impairment due to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) is expected to double in the United States to nearly 14 million over the next 40 years. AD and related dementias (ADRD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and among the costliest to society. Although emerging biomedical interventions for ADRD focus on early stages and are currently limited to AD, care management can benefit patients with ADRD across the disease course.

A Multicenter Analysis of Aortic Root Replacement: Non-Native Chest Increases Risk of Post-Operative Mortality.

Objective: Re-do root replacement poses a significant technical challenge, increasing potential risk of morbidity and mortality. This multi-institution study compared outcomes in aortic root replacement stratified by chest surgery and aortic root history.

Methods: A retrospective review by the Western Aortic Collaborative was performed for three different aortic centers for patients who underwent non-emergent root replacement from 2017-2023 with exclusion of patients who underwent more than hemiarch replacement or who presented with acute or hyperacute aortic dissection.

Extubation Failure in the PICU: A Virtual Pediatric Systems Database Study, 2017-2021.

Objectives: Extubation failure (EF) in PICU patients is reintubation within 48, 72, or 96 hours of planned extubation (EF48, EF72, and EF96, respectively). Standardized sedation protocols, extubation readiness testing, and noninvasive respiratory support are used to improve efficient liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV). We therefore aimed to review EF rates, time to failure, and the use of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation, 2017-2021.

Association of Discrimination Experiences with Rapid Subsequent Changes in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study explores how discrimination experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic relate to anxiety and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults.