Severe periodontitis and congenital cytomegalovirus: Cleft lip and cleft palate.

Severe periodontitis lesions can harbor several hundred-thousand copies of active cytomegalovirus, and this paper proposes that cytomegalovirus in maternal periodontitis can infect the fetus. Cleft lips and palates may be oral examples of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Anti-cytomegalovirus periodontal treatment is indicated for high-risk women who exhibit severe periodontitis and weakened immune system and are contemplating pregnancy or are in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Elevated subgingival temperature infers high bacterial pathogen counts in severe periodontitis.

Objectives: Periodontal inflammation may be assessed by bleeding on probing and subgingival temperature. This pilot study evaluated the intrapatient relationship between subgingival temperature and selected bacterial groups/species in deep periodontal pockets with bleeding on probing.

Materials And Methods: In each of eight adults, an electronic temperature probe identified three "hot" pockets with elevated subgingival temperature and three "cool" pockets with normal subgingival temperature among premolars/molars with 6‒10 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing.

Systemic ciprofloxacin treatment of multidrug-resistant Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis.

An adult periodontitis patient treated with mechanical/surgical therapy experienced gingival necrosis and granulomas post-treatment. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a tissue-invasive pathogen, was recovered and multidrug-resistant but susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Systemic ciprofloxacin eliminated A.

Aggressive periodontitis in southwestern American Indian adolescents.

Background: This study determined the prevalence of aggressive (molar-incisor pattern) (Ag/MI) periodontitis and assessed the associated subgingival bacterial-herpesvirus microbiota in Pueblo Indian adolescents in the southwestern United States.

Methods: The study included 240 Pueblo Indian adolescents, aged 13-20 years old, residing in three Rio Grande River villages in New Mexico and the Hopi Pueblo reservation in Arizona. Adolescents with Ag/MI periodontitis or periodontal health provided subgingival samples for culture of bacterial pathogens and for polymerase chain reaction detection of periodontal herpesviruses.

Herpesvirus-Bacteria pathogenic interaction in juvenile (aggressive) periodontitis. A novel etiologic concept of the disease.

Localized juvenile (aggressive) periodontitis starts at puberty in otherwise healthy individuals and involves the proximal surfaces of permanent incisors and first molars. The disease destroys a sizeable amount of periodontal bone within a few months despite minimal dental plaque and gingival tissue inflammation. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, as well as the two main periodontopathic bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are linked to juvenile periodontitis.

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for Recalcitrant Severe Human Periodontitis.

This study evaluated a combined systemic and topical anti-infective periodontal treatment of 35 adults who had experienced ongoing periodontal breakdown following conventional surgical periodontics. The prescribed anti-infective therapy, based on microbiological testing, consisted of a single course of metronidazole plus ciprofloxacin (23 patients), metronidazole plus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (10 patients), and metronidazole plus ciprofloxacin followed by metronidazole plus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2 patients). In addition, the study patients received 0.

Human and herpesvirus microRNAs in periodontal disease.

Periodontitis is a multi-etiologic infection characterized clinically by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Herpesviruses and specific bacterial species are major periodontal pathogens that cooperate synergistically in producing severe periodontitis. Cellular immunity against herpesviruses and humoral immunity against bacteria are key periodontal host defenses.

Facial cortical bone regeneration post-extraction in non-grafted sockets allows for early implant placement and long-term functional stability.

Objective: To evaluate posterior implant placement feasibility shortly after tooth extraction in non-grafted sockets with and without dehiscence at the time of extraction.

Design: Ninety-five patients requiring posterior extractions entered this cross-sectional study. They were divided in three groups after extraction: G1 without dehiscence, G2 with dehiscence ≤5 and G3 > 5 mm.

Outcomes of early versus late treatment of severe Class II high-angle patients.

Introduction: The aim of this work was to compare the skeletal and dental outcomes of 1- versus 2-phase treatment in Class II subjects with difficult-to-treat high-angle severe Class II malocclusions.

Methods: The sample of 120 cases was collected from the private offices of 3 experienced clinicians. The following selection criteria were used: (1) ANB ≥6°, (2) SN-GoGn ≥37° or mandibular plane to Frankfort horizontal plane ≥30°; and (3) overjet ≥6 mm.

Bone loss around oral and orthopedic implants: An immunologically based condition.

Background: Marginal bone resorption has by some been identified as a "disease" whereas in reality it generally represents a condition.

Purpose: The present article is a comparison between oral and orthopedic implants, as previously preferred comparisons between oral implants and teeth seem meaningless.

Materials And Methods: The article is a narrative review on reasons for marginal bone loss.

Radiographic alveolar bone morphology and progressive periodontitis.

Background: This study evaluated the relationship between radiographic crestal alveolar bone morphology and progressive periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 1,356 posterior interproximal sites in 56 adults treated for chronic periodontitis and receiving systematic 3-month maintenance care were scored for angular or horizontal marginal bone morphology, as well as for alveolar crestal lamina dura, on radiographs obtained at baseline of a 30-month post-treatment period. Semi-annually, the study patients were clinically evaluated for progressive periodontitis.

Resonance frequency analysis: Comparing two clinical instruments.

Background: Numerous studies indicate implants placed immediately after extraction or with minimally invasive procedures have excellent long-term success and survival rates. There is general agreement that implants must be stable after implant placement. This study evaluated implant stability changes from the time of implant placement to second stage (prior to restoration).

Long-term stable vertical bone regeneration after sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement with and without grafting.

Background: Less invasive surgical approaches to regenerate bone intra-sinus and allow long-term functional implant stability are needed.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term vertical bone regeneration after sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement with and without bone grafting.

Methods: Vertical bone gains (VBG) post-sinus elevation, with and without grafting, were evaluated in thirty individuals presenting an average residual bone height (RBH) of 4.

Systemic antibiotics and the risk of superinfection in peri-implantitis.

Peri-implantitis has emerged in the last few years as a complication difficult to resolve. The etiopathogenesis consensus is mainly attributed to bacteria. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a PubMed/Medline literature search was performed using the US National Library of Medicine database up to 2015 to analyze available scientific data on the rationale and risk of superinfection associated to systemic antimicrobials in human peri-implant disease.

Dental Abnormalities Caused by Novel Compound Heterozygous CTSK Mutations.

Cathepsin K (CTSK) is an important protease responsible for degrading type I collagen, osteopontin, and other bone matrix proteins. The mutations in the CTSK gene can cause pycnodysostosis (OMIM 265800), a rare autosomal recessive bone dysplasia. Patients with pycnodysostosis have been reported to present specific dental abnormalities; however, whether these dental abnormalities are related to dysfunctional CTSK has never been reported.

High level of reactive oxygen species impaired mesenchymal stem cell migration via overpolymerization of F-actin cytoskeleton in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Some lines of evidence have demonstrated abnormalities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, characterized by defective phenotype of MSCs and slower growth with enhanced apoptosis and senescence. However, whether SLE MSCs demonstrate aberrant migration capacity or abnormalities in cytoskeleton are issues that remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that MSCs from SLE patients did show impairment in migration capacity as well as abnormalities in F-actin cytoskeleton, accompanied by a high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in adhesion of oral epithelial cells to titanium.

Background: Oral epithelial cells (OECs) adhesion to titanium may improve the success rate of implant restoration.

Purpose: We investigated the mechanism by which OECs adhere to titanium dental implants.

Materials And Methods: (1) After culturing rat OECs on titanium plates (Ti) or culture dishes in the presence or absence of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activator or inhibitors and/or growth factors, and OEC morphology under these conditions were analyzed.

Promotive effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 for epithelial sealing to titanium implants.

Improvement of oral epithelial adhesion to titanium (Ti) may significantly enhance the efficacy of dental implants. Here, we investigated whether insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) improved the sealing of the peri-implant epithelium (PIE) around the implant. Right maxillary first molars were extracted from rats and replaced with experimental implants.

In vivo and in vitro studies of epithelial cell behavior around titanium implants with machined and rough surfaces.

Background: The surface roughness of a dental implant affects the epithelial wound healing process and may significantly enhance implant prognosis.

Purpose: We explored the influence of surface roughness on peri-implant epithelium (PIE) sealing and down-growth by comparing machine-surfaced (Ms) and rough-surfaced (Rs) implants.

Materials And Methods: (1) Maxillary first molars were extracted from rats and replaced with Ms or Rs implants.

A novel method for creating an optimal emergence profile adjacent to dental implants.

Unlabelled: In order to establish an optimal esthetic implant result, creation of an optimal emergence profile is necessary. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a new method for creating an emergence profile starting at the time of immediate implant placement. Clinical steps for creating the emergence profile are described from the time of implant placement to restoration.

RhoA-mediated signaling in mechanotransduction of osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts play a pivotal role in load-driven bone formation by activating Wnt signaling through a signal from osteocytes as a mechanosensor. Osteoblasts are also sensitive to mechanical stimulation, but the role of RhoA, a small GTPase involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton adhesion complexes, in mechanotransduction of osteoblasts is not completely understood. Using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells under 1 hr flow treatment at 10 dyn/cm(2), we examined a hypothesis that RhoA signaling mediates the cellular responses to flow-induced shear stress.

Complications of local anesthesia used in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Local anesthetics are used routinely in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Local anesthetics are safe and effective drugs but do have risks that practitioners need to be aware of. This article reviews the complications of local anesthesia.