Toward Safety Protocols for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS): A Computational and Experimental Approach.

As the clinical applicability of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) expands, the need for PNS-specific safety criteria becomes pressing. This study addresses this need, utilizing a novel machine learning and computational bio-electromagnetics modeling platform to establish a safety criterion that captures the effects of fields and currents induced on axons. Our approach is comprised of three steps: experimentation, model creation, and predictive simulation.

Concurrent management of vitiligo and acquired disorders of hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive literature review and current practice gaps.

Few studies discuss the co-management of vitiligo and acquired hyperpigmentation disorders (AHD) such as melasma, erythema dyschromicum perstans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced hyperpigmentation, and lichen planus pigmentosus. This review discusses clinical studies examining co-management strategies and identifies current practice gaps. Dermatology Life Quality Index scores are higher in individuals with vitiligo or melasma.

A Nudge to the Truth: Atom Conservation as a Hard Constraint in Models of Atmospheric Composition Using a Species-Weighted Correction.

Computational models of atmospheric composition are not always physically consistent. For example, not all models respect fundamental conservation laws such as conservation of atoms in an interconnected chemical system. In well performing models, these unphysical deviations are often ignored because they are frequently minor, and thus only need a small nudge to perfectly conserve mass.

The Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance in Enterobacterales Is Higher in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health emergency. Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) are at increased risk for severe infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, although more data are needed on the relative burden of MDR Enterobacterales (MDR-E) in immunocompromised populations. In this study, we compare the prevalence of Enterobacterales resistance in cultures from patients undergoing HCT with that of non-HCT patients seeking care at a large healthcare system in North Carolina, USA.

Surface Composition Impacts Selectivity of ZnTe Photocathodes in Photoelectrochemical CO Reduction Reaction.

Light-driven reduction of CO into chemicals using a photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach is considered as a promising way to meet the carbon neutral target. The very top surface of the photoelectrode and semiconductor/electrolyte interface plays a pivotal role in defining the performance for PEC CO reduction. However, such impact remains poorly understood.

Brain aging rejuvenation factors in adults with genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease.

The largest risk factor for dementia is age. Heterochronic blood exchange studies have uncovered age-related blood factors that demonstrate 'pro-aging' or 'pro-youthful' effects on the mouse brain. The clinical relevance and combined effects of these factors for humans is unclear.

A first-born twin has a higher risk of acute leukemia in a population-based assessment of cancer in twins in California, and a lower than anticipated rate of twin concordance.

Not available.

Laboratory investigation of METTL7A driving MSC osteogenic differentiation through YAP1 translation enhancement via eIF4F recruitment.

Aim: Effective control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation towards osteogenic lineages is fundamental for bone regeneration. This study elucidates the regulatory role of methyltransferase like 7A (METTL7A) in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

Methodology: Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, western blotting, and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the effects of METTL7A depletion or overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of various types of MSCs.

Genetically Reprogrammed Exosomes for Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Current treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain challenging, characterized by poor clinical outcomes. Exosomes, cell-derived membranous vesicles, has been emerging as a new modality of therapy. Here we designed and generated genetically reprogrammed exosomes with surface displayed antibodies and immunoregulatory proteins, namely programmed immune-engaging exosomes (PRIME Exos).

Separate orexigenic hippocampal ensembles shape dietary choice by enhancing contextual memory and motivation.

The hippocampus (HPC) has emerged as a critical player in the control of food intake, beyond its well-known role in memory. While previous studies have primarily associated the HPC with food intake inhibition, recent research suggests a role in appetitive processes. Here we identified spatially distinct neuronal populations within the dorsal HPC (dHPC) that respond to either fats or sugars, potent natural reinforcers that contribute to obesity development.

Dynamic PRC1-CBX8 stabilizes a porous structure of chromatin condensates.

The compaction of chromatin is a prevalent paradigm in gene repression. Chromatin compaction is commonly thought to repress transcription by restricting chromatin accessibility. However, the spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin compacted by gene-repressing factors are unknown.

Neurophysiological Markers of Regulation Success in Everyday Life in Depression.

Background: Self-regulation often is disrupted in depression and is characterized by negative affect and inflexible parasympathetic responses. Yet, our understanding of brain mechanisms of self-regulatory processes largely has been limited to laboratory contexts. Measuring individual differences in self-regulatory processes in everyday life - and their neural correlates - could inform our understanding of depression phenotypes and reveal novel intervention targets that impact everyday functioning.

The Limited Utility of Hemoglobin A1c as a Predictor for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Continuous Variable Analysis.

Introduction: Patients who have poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Nevertheless, an optimal preoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) threshold has not been established. This study sought to identify preoperative HbA1c thresholds that were predictive of adverse outcomes for total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients.

Rethinking the rise of early onset gastrointestinal cancers: a call to action.

Since the early 1990s, there has been a dramatic rise in gastrointestinal cancers diagnosed in patients under age 50 for reasons that remain poorly understood. The most significant change has been the increase in incidence rates of early-onset colorectal cancer, especially rates of left-sided colon and rectal cancers. Increases in gastric, pancreatic, and other gastrointestinal cancer diagnoses have further contributed to this trend.

Long-Range Charge Transport Facilitated by Electron Delocalization in MoS and Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures.

Controlling charge transport at the interfaces of nanostructures is crucial for their successful use in optoelectronic and solar energy applications. Mixed-dimensional heterostructures based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have demonstrated exceptionally long-lived charge-separated states. However, the factors that control the charge transport at these interfaces remain unclear.

Defining the Cost of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Multicenter, Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing and Cost Optimization Investigation.

Background: Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a frequently performed outpatient orthopaedic surgery, with substantial financial implications for health-care systems. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is a method for nuanced cost analysis and is a valuable tool for strategic health-care decision-making. The aim of this study was to apply the TDABC methodology to RCR procedures to identify specific avenues to optimize cost-efficiency within the health-care system in 2 critical areas: (1) the reduction of variability in the episode duration, and (2) the standardization of suture anchor acquisition costs.

Migration is associated with increased HIV vulnerability among young transgender women in Lima, Peru.

Background: Latin America-amidst its largest mass migration-has seen minimal progress in curbing new HIV infections. Transgender women (TW) in the region are disproportionately affected, but scant data examines HIV vulnerabilities alongside migration.

Methods: Between February-July 2022, 211 young TW ages 16-24 in Lima participated in a cross-sectional quantitative study accompanied by serological testing (HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis B).

Pharmacokinetics and safety of bictegravir in pregnant and postpartum persons with HIV and their infants.

Background: Limited data exist on bictegravir pharmacokinetics in pregnancy among persons with HIV (PWH) and infant washout.

Setting: Nonrandomized, open-label, multi-center phase-IV prospective study of bictegravir pharmacokinetics and safety in pregnant PWH and their infants.

Methods: Steady-state 24-hour pharmacokinetic sampling of oral bictegravir 50 mg once daily (a component of fixed-dose combination bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and postpartum was performed.

Dual modes of DNA N-methyladenine maintenance by distinct methyltransferase complexes.

Stable inheritance of DNA N-methyladenine (6mA) is crucial for its biological functions in eukaryotes. Here, we identify two distinct methyltransferase (MTase) complexes, both sharing the catalytic subunit AMT1, but featuring AMT6 and AMT7 as their unique components, respectively. While the two complexes are jointly responsible for 6mA maintenance methylation, they exhibit distinct enzymology, DNA/chromatin affinity, genomic distribution, and knockout phenotypes.

Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Abdominally Obese Persons with HIV.

Background: In people with HIV (PWH) who are virally suppressed (VS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), abdominal obesity (AO) is linked to neurocognitive impairment (NCI), potentially due to visceral adiposity, inflammation, and reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone, reduces AO and increases IGF-1, suggesting it might mitigate NCI in VS PWH.

Methods: This 6-month, Phase II randomized, open-label clinical trial compared Tesamorelin versus standard-of-care (SOC) for NCI in abdominally obese PWH.

Identifying a Reliable Intra-articular Landmark to Avoid Vascular Injury During Transacetabular Screw Fixation: A 3D Computed Tomography Study.

Introduction: Vascular injury during acetabular screw fixation is a life-threatening complication of total hip arthroplasty. This study uses three-dimensional computed tomography to (1) measure absolute distance from the external iliac artery (EIA) to the acetabulum, (2) determine available bone stock along the EIA path, and (3) create a novel acetabular vascular risk map.

Methods: A retrospective radiographic study was conducted using three-dimensional CT.

Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy Compared to Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Evaluation (RESTORE) for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain due to Multifidus Dysfunction.

Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.

Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients with ASPECTS 4-5 vs. 6-7: a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) efficacy in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke, particularly in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), remains less explored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 443 AIS patients treated with MT for MeVO and low ASPECTS (4-7) at 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe, from September 2017 to July 2021. Patients were categorized into ASPECTS of 4-5 and 6-7.