Recent Advances and Future Directions in Sonodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment.

Deep-tissue solid cancer treatment has a poor prognosis, resulting in a very low 5-year patient survival rate. The primary challenges facing solid tumor therapies are accessibility, incomplete surgical removal of tumor tissue, the resistance of the hypoxic and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment to chemotherapy and radiation, and suffering caused by off-target toxicities. Here, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an evolving therapeutic approach that uses low-intensity ultrasound to target deep-tissue solid tumors.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With T-Cell Differentiation Arising From Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML).

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by peripheral blood monocytosis and bone marrow dysplasia. In approximately one-fourth of cases, CMML can demonstrate progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), referred to as AML ex CMML. We present a 58-year-old woman with a past medical history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who demonstrated 24% bone marrow blasts on a repeat biopsy obtained two years after being diagnosed with CMML.

Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism Among Children in the United States - 21st Century Resurgence?

Background/objective: Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism is an important cause of neurocognitive and motor impairment in children globally. In the United States, universal salt iodization, which began in the 1920s, led to a dramatic decline in iodine deficiency hypothyroidism. However, iodine deficiency may be reemerging due to increased consumption of noniodized salts, decreased dairy iodine concentrations, and decreased intake of iodine containing foods due to food allergies, dietary preferences such as vegan diets, or restrictive food intake disorders.

Closure of Earth's Global Seasonal Cycle of Energy Storage.

The global seasonal cycle of energy in Earth's climate system is quantified using observations and reanalyses. After removing long-term trends, net energy entering and exiting the climate system at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) should agree with the sum of energy entering and exiting the ocean, atmosphere, land, and ice over the course of an average year. Achieving such a balanced budget with observations has been challenging.

Contractile responses of engineered human myometrium to prostaglandins and inflammatory cytokines.

Preterm labor is a prevalent public health problem and occurs when the myometrium, the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, begins contracting before the fetus reaches full term. Abnormal contractions of the myometrium also underlie painful menstrual cramps, known as dysmenorrhea. Both disorders have been associated with increased production of prostaglandins and cytokines, yet the functional impacts of inflammatory mediators on the contractility of human myometrium have not been fully established, in part due to a lack of effective model systems.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Patterns of recurrence following radiation and ADT for pathologic lymph node positive prostate cancer: A multi-institutional study.

Background And Objective: We evaluate prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in patients who received RT ± androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for pathologic node-positive (pN1) prostate cancer (PCa) in a multi-institutional cohort.

Methods: Data from patients with pN1 PCa and received RT with short term (ST, ≤6 mo) or long term (LT, >6 mo) ADT were obtained from 4 academic institutions. Biochemical progression free survival (bPFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) were evaluated.

Beyond Juul: The New Face of Underage Nicotine Addiction - A Survey of College Students.

Background: Youth nicotine addiction is a major public health concern in the United States. Disposable Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), or disposable vapes, are commonly sought out by youth despite not having received premarket authorization from the FDA. The objective of this study was to identify factors contributing to underage consumption of disposable ENDS.

Pharmacological inactivation of a non-canonical gp130 signaling arm attenuates chronic systemic inflammation and multimorbidity induced by a high-fat diet.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that demonstrates a robust correlation with age and body mass index (BMI) as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. IL-6 cytokines also play a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis and regenerative processes primarily via the canonical STAT3 pathway. Thus, selective modulation of IL-6 signaling may offer a unique opportunity for therapeutic interventions.

The effect of temporary CSF diversion modality on shunt-dependency following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A nationwide assessment.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) carries a high economic cost and clinical morbidity in the United States. Beyond prolonged admissions and poor post-injury functional status, there is an additional cost of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus for many aSAH patients. Adjuvant lumbar drain (LD) placement has been hypothesized to promote clearance of subarachnoid blood from the cisternal space, with an ultimate effect of decreasing shunt placement rates.

The Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale: Development and assessment of measurement properties.

Objective: To develop and assess the psychometrics of the Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale (CHASE).

Background: Existing scales assess self-efficacy in coping strategies and management of symptoms and triggers but do not measure other important self-efficacy domains, such as performing daily activities and socializing in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH).

Methods: The study had two phases: (i) Development of the 14-item CHASE, with items derived from patients with CDH and a multidisciplinary healthcare team; (ii) longitudinal observational study for psychometric evaluation.

A descriptive examination of rurality in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort: Implications, illustrations, and future directions.

Purpose: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort has enrolled over 60,000 children to examine how early environmental factors (broadly defined) are associated with key child health outcomes. The ECHO Cohort may be well-positioned to contribute to our understanding of rural environments and contexts, which has implications for rural health disparities research. The present study examined the outcome of child obesity to not only illustrate the suitability of ECHO Cohort data for these purposes but also determine how various definitions of rural and urban populations impact the presentation of findings and their interpretation.

CFD-Based Determination of Optimal Design and Operating Conditions of a Fermentation Reactor Using Bayesian Optimization.

The efficiency of fermentation reactors is significantly impacted by gas dispersion and concentration distribution, which are influenced by the reactor's design and operating conditions. As the process scales up, optimizing these parameters becomes crucial due to the pronounced concentration gradients that can arise. This study integrates the kinetics of the fermentation process with hydrodynamic analysis using Bayesian optimization to efficiently determine the optimal reactor design and operating conditions.

Challenges and opportunities of acquiring cortical recordings for chronic adaptive deep brain stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a proven treatment for movement disorders, also holds promise for the treatment of psychiatric and cognitive conditions. However, for DBS to be clinically effective, it may require DBS technology that can alter or trigger stimulation in response to changes in biomarkers sensed from the patient's brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that such adaptive DBS is feasible, it might achieve clinical effects that are not possible with standard continuous DBS and that some of the best biomarkers are signals from the cerebral cortex.

A global analysis of adaptation to societal aging across low-, middle- and high-income countries using the Global Aging Society Index.

We have previously presented a multidimensional Aging Society Index, a weighted summation of five domains central to successful adaptation to societal aging: well-being, productivity and engagement, equity, cohesion and security, as a tool to assess countries' adaptation to demographic transformation. As the index was based on data from developed countries and some of the individual metrics or weightings may not be well suited for application to low- and middle-income countries, we here present the scores on a modified index (Global Aging Society Index) on 143 countries distributed across the span of economic development. Only 5 out of 143 (3.

Diagnostic abnormalities, disease severity and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder.

Introduction: Down Syndrome Regression Disorder (DSRD) is a neuropsychiatric condition causing insomnia, catatonia, encephalopathy, and obsessive-compulsive behavior in otherwise healthy individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Smaller cohorts have identified heterogenous diagnostic abnormalities which have predicted immunotherapy responsiveness although pattern analysis in a large cohort has never been performed.

Methods: A multi-center, retrospective study of individuals with DSRD was performed.

Physical and biogeochemical drivers of multi-year isoscape in the California upwelling system.

Stable isotopes of carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) are commonly employed to reconstruct past change in marine ecosystems and nutrient cycling. However, multiple biogeochemical and physical drivers govern spatiotemporal variability of these isotopic signals, particularly in dynamic coastal systems, complicating interpretation. Here, we coupled a modern multi-year (2010-2019) δC and δN isoscape record from intertidal mussels (Mytilus californianus) with high-resolution ocean model output and satellite chlorophyll-a observations in the California Current System (32°-43° N) to identify major drivers of isotopic variability.

Risk of venous thromboembolic complications in pregnant trauma patients: A matched cohort study.

Background: Trauma and pregnancy are both risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We hypothesized that pregnant blunt trauma patients would have a higher incidence of VTE complications compared with matched nonpregnant females.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National Trauma Data Bank data from 2017 to 2022.

The MINDSPACE Expanded Framework (MINDSPACE X): Behavioral insights to improve adherence to psychiatric medications.

The MINDSPACE framework has made it easier to incorporate insights from behavioral science into policy, including health policy, but lacks granularity. Difficult policy problems such as adherence to psychiatric medication can benefit from judicious selection of nudges. We present a MINDSPACE Expanded Framework including 34 insights from behavioral science in the 9 MINDSPACE principles to support a more detailed integration of behavioral science into policy.

Optimizing Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma Biopsy Acquisition: A Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee Consensus Statement.

Trends in diagnostic biopsy sample collection approaches for primary bone sarcomas have shifted in the past 2 decades. Although open/incisional biopsies used to be the predominant approach to obtain diagnostic material for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, image-guided core needle biopsies have increased in frequency and are safe for patients. These procedures are less invasive and reduce recovery times but have potential limitations.

Tramadol as a fentanyl adulterant: Prevalence and management in a ToxIC Fentalog study prospective cohort.

Background: Tramadol is an adulterant of illicit opioids. As it is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor as well as a μ-opioid agonist, tramadol adulteration may worsen overdose signs and symptoms or affect the amount of naloxone patients receive.

Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective cohort of adult patients with suspected opioid overdoses who presented to one of eight United States emergency departments and were included in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium's Fentalog Study.

Adults With Head and Neck Burns Experience Worse Long-Term Outcomes and Require More Reconstructive Surgeries: A Burn Model System Study.

Background: Adults living with head and neck burn injuries experience psychosocial consequences due to scarring as well as functional disabilities. However, the impact of head and neck burns on long-term self-reported psychosocial outcomes, return to work, and need for reconstructive surgery has not been well described. This study investigates the unique longitudinal problems in psychosocial and functional recovery faced by adults with head and neck burn injuries.

Compartmentalizing Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts for Structure-Property Relationship Analysis.

The development of photoswitches that absorb low energy light is of notable interest due to the growing demand for smart materials and therapeutics necessitating benign stimuli. Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are molecular photoswitches that respond to light in the visible to near-infrared spectrum. As a result of their modular assembly, DASAs can be modified at the donor, acceptor, triene, and backbone heteroatom molecular compartments for the tuning of optical and photoswitching properties.