Developing a 3D bone model of osteosarcoma to investigate cancer mechanisms and evaluate treatments.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer, occurring frequently in children and young adults. Patients are treated with surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, and despite the introduction of mifamurtide in 2011, there has been little improvement in survival for decades. 3-dimensional models offer the potential to understand the complexity of the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment and aid in developing new treatment approaches.

Caring remotely through 'fitting': Video consultation use in Danish general practice.

In this study, we examine how Danish general practitioners (GPs) and general practice staff have fitted their use of video consultation to align with their conceptualisations of good care. Political stakeholders are repeatedly encouraging the use of video consultation in the healthcare sector, discursively referring to optimised use of healthcare resources, increased efficiency and flexibility for and geographical equality among patients. By the end of 2024, it will be mandatory for GPs to offer video consultations to patients in Danish general practice.

Medical ambivalence and Long Covid: The disconnects, entanglements, and productivities shaping ethnic minority experiences in the UK.

Structural violence - related to 'isms' like racism, sexism, and ableism - pertains to the ways in which social institutions harm certain groups. Such violence is critical to institutional indifference to the plight of ethnic minority people living with long-term health conditions. With only emergent literature on the lived experiences of ethnic minorities with Long Covid, we sought to investigate experiences around the interplay of illness and structural vulnerabilities.

MASLD Is Associated With an Increased Long-Term Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Studies have reported an association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk varies with the severity of MASLD remains uncertain.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched three large electronic databases using predefined keywords to identify cohort studies (published up to 30 September 2024) in which MASLD was diagnosed by liver biopsy, imaging methods, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, or blood-based scores.

An open-source SQL database schema for integrated clinical and translational data management in clinical trials.

Unlocking the power of personalised medicine in oncology hinges on the integration of clinical trial data with translational data (i.e. biospecimen-derived molecular information).

The molecular basis of pH sensing by the human fungal pathogen TOK potassium channel.

Two-pore domain, outwardly rectifying potassium (TOK) channels are exclusively expressed in fungi. Human fungal pathogen TOK channels are potential antifungal targets, but TOK channel modulation in general is poorly understood. Here, we discovered that TOK (CaTOK) is regulated by extracellular pH, in contrast to TOK channels from other fungal species tested.

PREVENTion and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis through a codesigned manual (PREVENT-IAD): a study protocol for a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial with a nested process evaluation.

Introduction: Incontinence is commonly experienced by adults who receive care support in a residential facility or in their own home. These individuals are at risk of developing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), which is caused by prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to urine or faeces. An IAD manual was developed providing an evidence-based clinical algorithm and an e-learning training programme for the prevention and treatment of IAD.

Patients' suggestions for improvements to text-based e-consultations. An online survey of users of the national health portal in Norway.

Background: In recent years, text-based e-consultations have been widely implemented in general practice and are appreciated by patients for their convenience and efficiency. Policymakers aim to enhance patient access to clinical services with the general practitioner (GP) through text-based e-consultations. However, concerns are raised about their efficiency and security.

Distinct virologic trajectories in chronic hepatitis B identify heterogeneity in response to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy.

Background & Aims: The dynamics of HBV viral load (VL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and its relationship with liver disease are poorly understood. We aimed to study longitudinal VL patterns and their associations with CHB clinical outcomes.

Methods: Utilising large scale, routinely collected electronic health records from six centres in England, collated by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Informatics Collaborative (NIHR HIC), we applied latent class mixed models to investigate VL trajectory patterns in adults receiving NA treatment.

"You go an extra mile": a qualitative study of community health worker perspectives in a health promotion intervention in urban South Africa.

Background: As part of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative in South Africa, the Bukhali health promotion intervention is being implemented by community health workers (CHW's) with young women in urban Soweto. The perspectives of these CHW's have not been fully explored.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to describe CHW's perspectives and experiences of delivering the Bukhali intervention.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a half-century historical perspective.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved significantly over fifty years into a powerful analytical technique. This review aims to achieve five main goals. (1) Providing a comprehensive history of SERS's discovery, its experimental and theoretical foundations, its connections to advances in nanoscience and plasmonics, and highlighting collective contributions of key pioneers.

Transfer of musculoskeletal care from paediatric to adult services for patients with cerebral palsy and chronic neuromuscular conditions: Identifying the unmet need.

Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are treated by well-co-ordinated multi-disciplinary neuromuscular teams. With a comprehensive multidisciplinary team, co-ordinating the transfer to adult care is a challenge. Orthopaedic care becomes fragmented as patients transfer from paediatric orthopaedic surgeons with training in multi-joint neuromuscular conditions (NMCs), to adult orthopaedic surgeons where this expertise rarely exists.

Comparative analysis of characteristics among young people discharged from adolescent medium secure psychiatric hospital.

Background: Specialised forensic mental health provision for young people with mental disorders and high-risk behaviours has developed significantly in the UK. Despite this, research on the young people within secure settings remains limited. Adolescents in secure settings exhibit higher levels of mental disorders and have complex needs.

An intracranial yolk sac tumor with initial symptom of hemorrhage in the basal ganglia: a case report.

We report a case and follow-up of an adult male with intracranial yolk sac tumor (YST). Initially, the patient presented with abnormal high signals in the right basal ganglia on MRI, misdiagnosed as a cavernous hemangioma. However, within 2 years, the condition rapidly progressed into a large, hypervascular solid neoplasm leading to a basal ganglia hemorrhage.

A versatile real-time vision-led runway localisation system for enhanced autonomy.

This paper proposes a solution to the challenging task of autonomously landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). An onboard computer vision module integrates the vision system with the ground control communication and video server connection. The vision platform performs feature extraction using the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), followed by fast Structured Forests edge detection and then smoothing with a Kalman filter for accurate runway sidelines prediction.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of ublituximab vs. other monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: Relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Ublituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), is indicated for the treatment of RMS. We performed a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify randomized trials reporting the clinical efficacy and tolerability of ublituximab or comparator disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for treatment of RMS, and assessed their comparative effects using network meta-analysis (NMA).

The effectiveness of digital tools to maintain physical activity among people with a long-term condition(s): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Given the well-accepted health benefits, it is important to identify scalable ways to support people with long-term conditions (LTCs) to remain physically active. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of digital tools on the maintenance of physical activity (PA) amongst this population.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of digital tools on PA maintenance at least three months post-intervention compared with a non-digital control in participants with long-term conditions.

Network Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Comparing Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Open Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background: The use of minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robotic) pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is being increasingly adopted despite the lack of hard evidence to support its utilisation. With recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) with robotic or laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD or LPD), we undertook a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing all 3 approaches to evaluate comparative outcomes.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL was conducted up to May 2024 and relevant RCTs were identified.