A Realist Scoping Review of Community Nutrition Interventions in the UK: Implications for the 'Nutrition Skills for Life' Programme.

Background: Nutrition Skills for Life (NSFL) provides training and support for communities and organisations to implement Community Nutrition Interventions (CNIs) that meet identified needs. To inform future NSFL evaluation, this scoping review, using a realist approach sought to determine the underpinning initial programme theory (IPT) for how CNIs support socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) communities to access a healthy diet, as detailed in the protocol doi.org/10.

Evaluating the Well-Being Benefits and Social Value of Volunteer Gardening: Health Economics Meets Behavioral Science.

Multidisciplinary collaboration is key to strengthening the evidence base for multifaceted illness prevention interventions. We bring together health economics and behavioral science to explore the well-being benefits and social cost-benefit of volunteer gardening at an accredited botanic garden, Wales, UK. A health economics-informed social return on investment (SROI) evaluation was combined with the assessment of volunteers' basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), connection to nature, and their interrelatedness in this innovative nature-based intervention study.

Treatment of Seizures in People with Intellectual Disability.

There is a synergistic relationship between epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID), and the approach to managing people with these conditions needs to be holistic. Epilepsy is the main co-morbidity associated with ID, and clinical presentation tends to be complex, associated with higher rates of treatment resistance, multi-morbidity and premature mortality. Despite this relationship, there is limited level 1 evidence to inform treatment choice for this vulnerable population.

Ethics and community nursing.

Iwan Dowie explores the critical role of ethics in community nursing, where nurses often make autonomous decisions in the home care of patients. Nurses are tasked with balancing individual patient rights with the broader needs of society, guided by ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice.

Wellbeing of Family Carers of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: Longitudinal Study.

Background: Longitudinal studies of family carers of people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been very rare. This study investigated trajectories of family-carer wellbeing and the impact of the caring role on carers' health over four time points measured during the COVID-19 pandemic and after all public health restrictions had been lifted (between December 2020 and late 2022) across the United Kingdom.

Methods: Family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities participated through a co-designed, online survey at four time points across the pandemic (2020-2022).

Impact of Congested Match Schedules on Countermovement Jump Metrics in Elite Volleyball Players.

Rebelo, A, Loturco, I, Pereira, JR, Martinho, DV, Valente-dos-Santos, J, and Broek, GV. Impact of congested match schedules on countermovement jump metrics in elite volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a congested match schedule on various countermovement jump (CMJ) metrics recorded across the braking, transfer, propulsive, and flight phases of the CMJ.

Palliative care for end-stage liver disease and acute on chronic liver failure: A systematic review.

Background: End stage liver disease (ESLD) represents a growing health concern characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality, particularly among individual ineligible for liver transplantation. The demand for palliative care (PC) is pronounced in patients grappling with ESLD and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Unfortunately, the historical underutilization of PC in ESLD patients, despite their substantial needs and those of their family caregivers, underscores the imperative of seamlessly integrating PC principles into routine healthcare practices across the entire disease spectrum.

Comparing Differences and Relationships Between Traditional and Resisted Sprints in Elite Youth Rugby Backs and Forwards.

Purpose: We tested the differences in maximum strength and various parameters of sprint performance between youth backs and forwards. Additionally, we examined the associations among various strength-sprint measures, as well as between unresisted and heavy resisted sprints.

Methods: Thirty-two youth rugby players were assessed at the beginning of the season with the following tests: unresisted and resisted (50% body mass) 30-m sprints and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat exercise.

Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A European Multicentre Cross-Sectional Evaluation.

Background: A multicentre European randomized control trial - European Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Repair (EU-TBAR) is being developed to compare pre-emptive thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with custom-made devices versus conventional optimal medical therapy. The pretrial set-up is confluent on different pillars, including evaluation of 1) European activity, trends, and governance; 2) outcome reporting; and 3) cost evaluation. This article aimed to demonstrate the observational cross-sectional survey results from participating centers and highlight the risk assessment, activity, practices, and governance of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD).

The validity of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in the seated posture as an index of central arterial stiffness.

A previous study reported an increase in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) during an upright posture compared to the supine position, partly due to sympathetic activation. However, given that cfPWV is influenced by the transmural pressure (TMP) of the artery, which is elevated in the abdominal aorta in the seated posture due to the increased hydrostatic pressure. Thus, it remains unclear whether this increased cfPWV reflects a true rise in arterial stiffness or is simply a result of the elevated TMP.

Perceived barriers and facilitators of staff recruiting participants to a randomised controlled trial of a community rehabilitation intervention following hip fracture.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) often struggle with recruitment and many need extensions which leads to delayed implementation of effective interventions. Recruitment to complex intervention trials have similar difficulties. Alongside this, the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact upon trial recruitment.

Comparative Analysis of Force-Sensitive Resistors and Triaxial Accelerometers for Sitting Posture Classification.

Sedentary behaviors, including poor postures, are significantly detrimental to health, particularly for individuals losing motion ability. This study presents a posture detection system utilizing four force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) and two triaxial accelerometers selected after rigorous assessment for consistency and linearity. We compared various machine learning algorithms based on classification accuracy and computational efficiency.

Consumer-oriented (patient and family) outcomes from nursing in genomics: a scoping review of the literature (2012-2022).

Introduction: Genomics is a lifespan competency that is important for improving health outcomes for individuals, families, and communities. Nurses play a key role in genomic healthcare and realizing the potential of the genomic era.

Methods: We aimed to chart the current state of genomics in nursing by conducting a systematic scoping review of the literature in four databases (2012-2022).

The Equality Act 2010 and the community nurse.

Iwan Dowie discusses the Equality Act 2010 and the need for community nurses to be aware of the protected characteristics to avoid breaches.

The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Yemen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health challenge, and its co-occurrence with diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Yemen, a nation facing unique healthcare complexities, necessitates an in-depth investigation into the prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors among its population with DM. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of CVR factors among individuals with diabetes in Yemen, to understand and highlight the knowledge gap, and to influence targeted interventions and policies.

Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health issue, aggravated by antibiotic overuse and misuse in human medicine, animal care, and agriculture. This study looks at the different mechanisms that drive AMR, such as environmental contamination, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure, as well as the severe implications of AMR for human and animal health. This study demonstrates the need for concerted efforts across the scientific, healthcare, agricultural, and policy sectors to control the emergence of AMR.

What Would Have Helped People With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities in the UK During COVID-19?

People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can be excluded from research and relatively little is known about the experiences of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their carers during COVID-19. This paper aims to further explore the impact on this group via information provided by paid and family carers. It focuses on key areas such as access to social and health services in addition to questions about health and well-being.

Ethanol for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review.

Introduction: Alcohol withdrawal is typically managed using benzodiazepines. However, modulation of both γ-aminobutyric acid-A and N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptors through ethanol provision may provide an alternative management strategy. This systematic review critically analyses the evidence surrounding the use of oral or intravenous ethanol for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Contributing Factors and Potential Treatments.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries result in abnormal knee motion and long-term joint degradation. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is done with the aim of restoring normal knee kinematics and slowing the joint degradation process. It does appear that this inevitably happens and can be impacted by a multitude of factors.

Promising strategies for the prevention of alcohol-related brain damage through optimised management of acute alcohol withdrawal: A focussed literature review.

There is an increasing awareness of the link between chronic alcohol consumption and the development of cognitive, behavioural and functional deficits. Currently, preventative strategies are limited and require engagement in dedicated long-term rehabilitation and sobriety services, the availability of which is low. The acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome is an episode of neurochemical imbalance leading to autonomic dysregulation, increased seizure risk and cognitive disorientation.