Sex and Gender Health Education Tenets: An Essential Paradigm for Inclusivity in Dentistry.

Sex and gender are essential components of person-centered care. This article presents and discusses four important tenets regarding sex and gender health that should be incorporated into dental education and oral health care to foster inclusivity and improve care for all patients, including a sex and gender-diverse patient population.

Missed Opportunities for Early De-Escalation of Antipseudomonal Beta-Lactam Antimicrobial Therapy in Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infection.

Antipseudomonal β-lactams (APBL) are commonly used for empirical therapy of Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI). This retrospective cohort study examines risk factors for prolonged APBL use (≥48 h) in patients with Enterobacterales BSI and compares 28-day mortality between early de-escalation of APBL and prolonged APBL therapy. Adult patients admitted to two community hospitals in South Carolina with Enterobacterales BSI from January 2010 to June 2015 were included in this study.

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Review Article.

There are many sources of noise production in the operating room, including conversations among the surgical team, background music, electric monitors and alarms, surgical power tools, surgical instrument clattering and hammering, and suction devices. These sources introduce occupational hazards by producing damaging noise levels that exceed noise exposure level guidelines set by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and the Health and Safety Executive. Noise-induced hearing loss affects up to 50% of orthopaedic staff, but few preventative measures are regularly followed in the orthopaedic setting.

Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment and Reconstruction Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) women experience significant disparities in breast cancer treatment and outcomes, including lower rates of postmastectomy reconstruction, higher refusal rates of radiation therapy, and delays in surgical care. These disparities contribute to poorer survival and increased complications compared to other racial/ethnic groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify these disparities and assess their impact on breast cancer outcomes in NHPI women.

Does Medical Education Require Radical Change?

Over the last decades, the amount of knowledge that is required from learners in the medical field has become incredibly wide and deep, posing a burden for all stakeholders including medical schools, training hospitals, students, and society. The trajectory that has been established will soon render medical education ineffective, both from the perspective of the students who will not be able to productively internalize and effectively integrate the information they receive, and of the institutions and medical programs that will be unable to keep up with the pace of the medical progress and the relevant subject matter that needs to be taught. To address this burden, sooner than later, bold actions should be taken toward the radical transformation of the medical curriculum both in terms of its duration and its implementation and of the type of knowledge that the medical students will need to excel in, as a prerequisite for their subsequent training.

Application of artificial intelligence in laryngeal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted technologies, including endoscopy, voice analysis, and histopathology, for detecting and classifying laryngeal lesions.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, etc. for studies utilizing voice analysis, histopathology for laryngeal lesions, or AI-assisted endoscopy.

Changes in Segmental and Lumbar Lordosis Following Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare radiographic outcomes across lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) techniques, assessing segmental and global lumbar lordosis restoration.

Summary Of Background Data: LIF is a commonly utilized procedure to treat various spinal conditions, including degenerative pathology and adult spinal deformity.

The impact of diet-induced obesity on 5 fluorouracil-induced tumor and liver immune cell cytotoxicity.

Obesity increases the risk for developing several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and is associated with liver perturbations, which likely impacts treatment tolerance. 5 fluorouracil (5FU) remains a first line treatment for CRC, but efficacy is hampered by interpatient variable responsiveness and off-target toxicities. The current study examined the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on 5FU cytopenia and efficacy using two established CRC models: MC38 (C57BL/6) and C26 (CD2F1).

Outpatient Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

The most commonly used outpatient primary care point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) applications are similar to those used in the inpatient setting (eg, cardiac, pulmonary, and abdominal ultrasound). However, there are several additional POCUS applications that are highly applicable to the outpatient setting and should be considered for use by primary care practitioners. This article reviews 3 outpatient POCUS applications and their potential role in the primary care setting.

Basic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.

An increasing number of indications are emerging for point-of-care ultrasound to diagnose and treat musculoskeletal complaints. Low cost, dynamic imaging, immediate results, and added advantage of portability have made ultrasound an important imaging modality in urgent care, emergency department (ED), and other musculoskeletal care clinics. This article reviews the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound to help evaluate articular and periarticular structures to evaluate for mechanical injuries and inflammatory arthritis.

Principles and Practice of Internal Medicine Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use is expanding within Internal Medicine, basic yet important practices and key infrastructure are frequently underutilized. This is appropriately raising concerns that patients may be unintentionally harmed by POCUS. To mitigate this risk, this article advocates for ensuring POCUS users have adequate training to include understanding limitations and pitfalls arising from acquisition, interpretation, and clinical integration.

Low prevalence of borderline oxacillin resistant (BORSA) in a tertiary care hospital in South Carolina.

Prompt treatment for bloodstream infections is often dependent on known diagnostic testing modalities to differentiate between methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Borderline-oxacillin resistant S. aureus (BORSA), a rare, non-mecA mediated phenotype, has unclear resistance mechanisms but potentially significant consequences as it is frequently misidentified as MSSA but behaves more like MRSA.

Exploring the dynamics of ultrasound training in medical education: current trends, debates, and approaches to didactics and hands-on learning.

Introduction: Medical education, especially in ultrasound training, is undergoing significant changes. This study examines practical issues in ultrasound medical education, emphasizing state-of-the-art teaching methods, their effectiveness, and implementation challenges.

Methods: The study analyzed advancements in ultrasound education, including randomized controlled trials comparing peer-to-peer teaching with traditional faculty-led instruction.

The Role of Sex and Gender in Precision Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review and Proposed Hierarchy.

Background: Precision medicine utilizes individual patient data to guide decision making. Sex and gender medicine is likewise focused on individual patients' biological sex or sociocultural gender as determinants of disease. How these two fields intersect with one another and with acute care medicine is unclear.

Infective Endocarditis Outcomes in Congestive Heart Failure Patients.

Background/objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the difference in hospital outcomes for infective endocarditis (IE) admissions with and without comorbid congestive heart failure (CHF).

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was the database we used to find and sort patient data from inpatient hospitalizations. We then used logit probit regression to analyze the association between patients admitted for IE with and without CHF and their all-cause mortality rates.

Through Their Eyes: Using Photovoice to Capture the Capacity-Building Journey of Long Covid Patient Experts.

Background: Long Covid, characterised by persistent symptoms following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, significantly impacts the quality of life. Engaging patients in research and care through participatory methods can enhance a shared understanding of illness and improve the relevance of research.

Objective: We define Patient Experts (PEs) as persons (including patients, caregivers and providers) who have completed a series of training sessions on team building, research methods and communication at the Patient Engagement Studio, University of South Carolina (PES USC).

A Proposed Patient Selection Algorithm for Total Joint Arthroplasty Same-Day Discharge From an Ambulatory Surgery Center.

Background: Identifying appropriate patients for same-day discharge (SDD) total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is critical for maintaining optimal patient safety and outcomes. This study investigated patient outcomes after SDD TJA at a single ambulatory surgery center (ASC) and proposes a TJA patient-selection algorithm based on findings and existing literature.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 660 patients was performed between July 2019 and October 2021 for all patients who underwent primary TJA in a single ASC.

Examining childhood and adulthood stressors as risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in working pregnant individuals: A prospective cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the individual and joint associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maternal work and non-work related stressors with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Working pregnant individuals (n = 1163) from a United States (U.S.