The Toll-like Receptor-2/4 Antagonist, Sparstolonin B, and Inflammatory Diseases: A Literature Mining and Network Analysis.

Background: Sparstolonin B (SsnB) is characterized as a new toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4 antagonist. However, the effects of SsnB on different inflammatory diseases have not been systemically reviewed.

Methods: We investigated the effects of SsnB on inflammatory diseases with data mining and network analysis of literature, including frequency description, cluster analysis, association rule mining, functional enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) mining.

The functional role of locus coeruleus microglia in the female stress response.

Neuropsychiatric disorders that result from stress exposure are highly associated with central inflammation. Our previous work established that females selectively exhibit heightened proinflammatory cytokine production within the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) along with a hypervigilant behavioral phenotype in response to witnessing social stress, and ablation of microglia using pharmacological techniques prevents this behavioral response. These studies were designed to further investigate the impact of stress-induced neuroimmune signaling on the long-term behavioral and neuronal consequences of social stress exposure in females using chemogenetics.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic inflammation increases female serum gonadotropins and shifts the pituitary transcriptomic landscape.

Introduction: Female reproductive function depends on a choreographed sequence of hormonal secretion and action, where specific stresses such as inflammation exert profound disruptions. Specifically, acute LPS-induced inflammation inhibits gonadotropin production and secretion from the pituitary, thereby impacting the downstream production of sex hormones. These outcomes have only been observed in acute inflammatory stress and little is known about the mechanisms by which chronic inflammation affects reproduction.

Aging or chronic stress impairs working memory and modulates GABA and glutamate gene expression in prelimbic cortex.

The glucocorticoid (GC) hypothesis posits that effects of stress and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity accumulate over the lifespan and contribute to impairment of neural function and cognition in advanced aging. The validity of the GC hypothesis is bolstered by a wealth of studies that investigate aging of the hippocampus and decline of associated mnemonic functions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates working memory which also decreases with age.

A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors and Thrombophilia Evaluation in Venous Thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are many factors, both acquired and inherited, known to increase the risk of VTE. Most of these result in increased risk via several common mechanisms including circulatory stasis, endothelial damage, or increased hypercoagulability.

Exploring the Genomic Landscape of Hepatobiliary Cancers to Establish a Novel Molecular Classification System.

Taxonomy of hepatobiliary cancer (HBC) categorizes tumors by location or histopathology (tissue of origin, TO). Tumors originating from different TOs can also be grouped by overlapping genomic alterations (GA) into molecular subtypes (MS). The aim of this study was to create novel HBC MSs.

Recovery Barrier Characterizations by Hospitalized Patients with Substance Use Disorders: Results from a Randomized Clinical Study on Inpatient Peer Recovery Coaching.

Patients hospitalized with medical complications from substance use disorder (SUD) encounter unique health problems that may complicate their recovery. Recovery barriers are not well understood in this population. The study objective is to characterize recovery barriers in this patient population.

Evidentiary Significance of Routine EEG in Refractory Cases: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatry.

Over the past decade, the 's method of prescribing medications based on presenting symptoms has been challenged. The shift toward precision medicine began with the National Institute of Mental Health and culminated with the World Psychiatric Association's posit that a paradigm shift is needed. This study supports that shift by providing evidence explaining the high rate of psychiatric medication failure and suggests a possible first step toward precision medicine.

Characteristics of Very Young Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Contemporary Assessment.

Background: This study aims to compare indications, patient characteristics, hospital factors, and complication rates between total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients aged 30 years or younger and those older than 30 years using a large national database.

Methods: The Premier Healthcare Database was utilized to identify primary THA patients from 2015 to 2021 who were aged ≤30 or >30 years. Patient demographics, hospital factors, and primary indications were compared for each cohort.

Use of Preoperative Endoscopic Capsule-Based pH Testing Before Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy is the most performed bariatric operation in the US; however, a significant number of patients suffer from persistent or new-onset reflux. No consensus for objective preoperative evaluation in these patients exists. We compared capsule-based pH testing vs GERD symptom scoring to determine extent of preoperative GERD to aid in procedure selection for bariatric surgery.

Preventive service utilization among adults with cystic fibrosis covered by private insurance is comparable to the general population.

Background: As the life expectancy of the cystic fibrosis (CF) population is lengthening with modulator therapies, diligent age-appropriate screening and preventive care are increasingly vital for long-term health and wellbeing.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis comparing rates of receiving age- and sex-appropriate preventive services by commercially insured adult people with CF (PwCF) and adults without CF from the general population (GP) via the Truven Health MarketScan database (2012-2018).

Results: We captured 25,369 adults with CF and 488,534 adults from the GP in the United States.

Contaminant Organism Growth in Febrile Infants at Low Risk for Invasive Bacterial Infection.

In this multicenter, cross-sectional, secondary analysis of 4042 low-risk febrile infants, nearly 10% had a contaminated culture obtained during their evaluation (4.9% of blood cultures, 5.0% of urine cultures, and 1.

Comparison of Patient Satisfaction Between Face-to-Face and Telehealth Modalities in Nephrolithiasis Nutritional Counseling.

Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth usage increased. Virtual visits minimize exposure risk while also addressing barriers to care. Telehealth offers the ability to increase patient access and provider efficiency.

Reducing the incidence of surgical site infection after ventral hernia repair: Outcomes from the RINSE randomized control trial.

Background: The clinical and financial impact of surgical site infection after ventral hernia repair is significant. Here we investigate the impact of dual antibiotic irrigation on SSI after VHR.

Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective randomized control trial of open retromuscular VHR with mesh.

The complex heterogeneity of immune cell signatures across wasting tissues with C26 and 5-fluorouracil-induced cachexia.

Immune cell-driven pathways are linked to cancer cachexia. Tumor presence is associated with immune cell infiltration whereas cytotoxic chemotherapies reduce immune cell counts. Despite these paradoxical effects, both cancer and chemotherapy can cause cachexia; however, our understanding of immune responses in the cachexia condition with cancer and chemotherapy is largely unknown.

Inducing a Closed Ankle Fracture in a Cadaveric Model to Create Interdisciplinary Teaching Models for Preclinical Medical Students.

This paper describes a cost-effective fracture simulation that aids in preclinical learning of fracture identification. This project establishes feasibility of inducing closed fractures in a donated cadaver. The study team made an identified Weber C ankle fracture in this donor, maintaining the soft tissue envelope surrounding the fracture, using minimal materials in a stepwise process that will be reproducible across educational programs regardless of access to highly specialized equipment.

It Is Never Too Early to Start: Educating Health Science Students to Become Future Educators.

Teachers lead, learn, and live as they walk through the journey of education, experiencing humanity in and outside their classrooms. No task is small when it comes to teaching; it is a craftsmanship that takes years to develop, and never too early to get started. In this commentary, the authors extract thoughtful viewpoints from years of teaching experience regarding how to inspire and engage more students to become educators.

Mitochondrial might: powering the peripartum for risk and resilience.

The peripartum period, characterized by dynamic hormonal shifts and physiological adaptations, has been recognized as a potentially vulnerable period for the development of mood disorders such as postpartum depression (PPD). Stress is a well-established risk factor for developing PPD and is known to modulate mitochondrial function. While primarily known for their role in energy production, mitochondria also influence processes such as stress regulation, steroid hormone synthesis, glucocorticoid response, GABA metabolism, and immune modulation - all of which are crucial for healthy pregnancy and relevant to PPD pathology.