Just-in-time adaptive ecological momentary assessment and ecological momentary interventions for posttraumatic psychopathology in the modern age of technology.

Objective: One technique for tailoring interventions and matching evidence-based procedures to idiographic problems is just-in-time adaptive approaches, also referred to as ecological momentary intervention. These technology-based approaches involve real-time delivery of evidence-based skills when most needed, which can be tailored to individual data inputs. The current article reviews just-in-time adaptive ecological momentary assessment (JITA-EMA; Schneider et al.

Triatoma venosa and Panstrongylus geniculatus challenge the certification of interruption of vectorial Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by Rhodnius prolixus in eastern Colombia.

Reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by native vectors with different domiciliation capabilities is a major concern for Chagas disease control programs. T. cruzi transmission via intra-domestic Rhodnius prolixus was certified as interrupted by the Pan American Health Organization in Miraflores municipality (Boyacá, Colombia) in 2019.

Apixaban to Prevent Covert Infarcts After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the ARCADIA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In the Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention After Cryptogenic Stroke (ARCADIA) randomized clinical trial, anticoagulation did not prevent recurrent stroke among patients with a recent cryptogenic stroke and atrial cardiopathy. It is unknown whether anticoagulation prevents covert infarcts in this population.

Objective: To test the use of apixaban vs aspirin for prevention of nonlacunar covert infarcts after cryptogenic stroke in patients with atrial cardiopathy.

A Qualitative Analysis of Unintentional Injuries in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Prior research demonstrates that children with autism are more likely to experience unintentional injuries than the general population. Limited research exists on the symptoms or traits directly related to autism and this elevated injury rate, especially from the perspective of families with children with autism. This study used qualitative methodology to elucidate risk factors that may contribute to unintentional injuries in children with autism from the perspective of mothers raising children with autism.

Developmental basis of natural tooth shape variation in cichlid fishes.

While most dentate non-mammalian vertebrates possess simple conical teeth, some demonstrate complex tooth shapes. Lake Malawi cichlid fishes are an extreme example of this, exhibiting a myriad of tooth shapes driven by an ecologically derived rapid evolution of closely related but distinct species. Tooth shape in mammals is generally considered to be established by signaling centers called primary and secondary enamel knots, which are not believed to be present in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Integrated care for mental health in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-synthesis by the International League Against Epilepsy Integrated Mental Health Care Pathways Task Force.

Mental health (MH) comorbidities are prevalent among people with epilepsy (PWE), but many experience challenges accessing care. To address this, suggestions have been made to integrate MH care into epilepsy care settings, yet the current approaches, benefits, and implementation determinants to MH care integration are unclear. This review aims to synthesize existing integrated MH care models for PWE to inform the development and planning of future initiatives.

Family Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross-Lagged Model.

This study aims to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between family functioning and depressive symptoms, considering life satisfaction as a potential mediator and gender, age and income as a moderator of these associations. A longitudinal study was conducted with 708 Chinese adults with diabetes and hypertension (51.6% women; mean age: 64.

Investing in equitable healthy aging: Why Africa must reform social pension schemes to improve Alzheimer's disease and dementia outcomes.

The eligibility criteria for social pension schemes in Africa hinder equitable and healthy aging. In 2019, women in 14 sub-Saharan African countries had an average life expectancy of 67 years but a healthy life expectancy of only 57 years, leaving them 5 years in poor health before receiving a pension at age 62. Men had a similar situation-a life expectancy of 62 years and a healthy life expectancy of 53 years, spending 10 years in poor health before becoming eligible for pensions at age 63.

Assessment of Four Essential Features of the Alive & Thrive Initiative to Improve Maternal, Infant, Young Child, and Adolescent Nutrition.

Alive & Thrive has been a major global nutrition initiative that aimed to learn how to improve maternal, infant, young child, and adolescent nutrition and health on a large scale. During 2009-2014, Alive & Thrive developed and implemented interventions to improve infant and young child feeding at scale in three countries. Subsequently, Alive & Thrive expanded its work to more than 15 geographies, including six country-specific and two regional programs, to additionally address maternal and adolescent nutrition while adding agriculture and social protection programs to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition.

Dual opposing quadrature-PT symmetry.

Our recent research on type-I quadrature parity-time (PT) symmetry, utilizing an open twin-beam system, not only enables observing genuine quantum photonic PT symmetry amid phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) and loss in the presence of Langevin noise but also reveals an additional classical-to-quantum (C2Q) transition in noise fluctuations. In contrast to the previous setup, our exploration of an alternative system assuming no loss involves a type-II PSA-only scheme. This scheme facilitates dual opposing quadrature-PT symmetry, offering a comprehensive and complementary comprehension of C2Q transitions and PT-enhanced quantum sensing with optimal performance in the symmetry unbroken region.

Placode and neural crest origins of congenital deafness in mouse models of Waardenburg-Shah syndrome.

Mutations in the human genes encoding the endothelin ligand-receptor pair and cause Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (WS4), which includes congenital hearing impairment. The current explanation for auditory dysfunction is defective migration of neural crest-derived melanocytes to the inner ear. We explored the role of endothelin signaling in auditory development in mice using neural crest-specific and placode-specific mutation plus related genetic resources.

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated With Anti-PL-7 Antisynthetase Syndrome: A Case Report.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a potentially life-threatening condition which can present with hemoptysis, diffuse alveolar infiltrates, anemia, and hypoxic respiratory failure. Antisynthetase syndrome (AS) is a rare autoimmune disorder most often characterized by nonerosive arthritis, proximal muscle weakness with elevated muscle enzymes, Raynaud's phenomenon, hyperkeratosis of the digits (mechanic's hands), and interstitial lung disease. According to large population studies, AS has an annual incidence of 0.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for Influence of Variation in Dental Implant Dimensions (Length and Diameter) on Peri-implant Bone Stress/Strain Distribution: A Systematic Review.

Background & Objective: Currently, there are many implants in clinical use, making it hard to choose the right one for the patient. The success rate of an implant depends on its diameter, length, and direction of insertion in bone. In implant dentistry, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulates intraoral conditions in vitro and analyzes the effects of implant material, diameter, size, and other components related to oral structure on the implant and peri-implant tissues.

"Do all bisexuals have this power?": An exploratory study of "crippling nicotine addiction," identity, and other emergent themes in vaping messages on QueerTok.

Nicotine and tobacco use disproportionally affects sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in the United States. Social media narratives may contribute to these disparities. This qualitative study delineated perceptions and experiences depicted in SGM-related videos about nicotine vaping on TikTok.

A Secondary Analysis Suggests That Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applied to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cue-Induced-Craving in Treatment Seeking Participants with Cannabis Use Disorder.

Background: Studies across multiple addictions have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) reduces cue-induced-craving (CIC), however there are no studies in treatment seeking participants with cannabis use disorder (CUD). In this secondary analysis of a previously completed trial, we explore whether a multi-session course of rTMS reduces CIC in CUD.

Methods: Seventy-one participants with ≥moderate CUD (age=30.

Comparison of 12- to 24-Hour Versus 72-Hour Intravenous Terlipressin in Patients With Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To compare the efficacy and safety of 12-24 hours versus 72 hours of intravenous terlipressin therapy in patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding (AVB). A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, VHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published up to February 24, 2024.

Criminal Offending and Incarceration in United States Adults With Early Phase Psychosis and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder.

Aim: Studies have shown that people experiencing early phase psychosis (EPP) are at increased risk for criminal conviction and incarceration. However, there is limited data looking at overall legal burden. To address these gaps in the literature, the goal of this study was to categorise criminal charges and convictions using the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uniform crime reporting (UCR) program, assess frequency of incarcerations, and describe the frequency of substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses and its relationship to criminal offending and incarceration in a well categorised EPP population.

Practice Advisory for Postoperative Pain Management of Thoracic Surgical Patients: Executive Summary: A Report by Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.

Patients after thoracic surgery experience significant pain that can disrupt normal respiratory mechanics, increase the risk of respiratory complications, and impair recovery. Poorly controlled postoperative pain can develop into persistent postoperative pain. In addition, using opioids for pain control in the thoracic surgical population makes them more susceptible to opioid-related side effects due to their pre-existing comorbidities.

K2 channel positive modulation reduces alcohol drinking in female C57BL/6J mice.

Although men have historically exhibited higher levels of alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis, the gap between men and women has been diminishing quickly. Preclinical screening for pharmacological treatments for AUD has typically focused solely on males, ignoring the possibility that males and females may differ mechanistically for the same behavioral phenotype. To ensure the efficacy of treatment targets across the sexes, it is crucial to study the pharmacological effects of AUD treatments in males and females.

Consensus recommendations for measuring the impact of contraception on the menstrual cycle in contraceptive clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to develop consensus recommendations for measurement and analysis of data on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) in contraceptive clinical trials. We built upon previous standardization efforts over the last 50 years and prioritized input from a variety of global experts and current regulatory authority guidance on patient-reported outcomes.

Study Design: We completed a formal consensus-building process with an interdisciplinary group of 57 experts from 30 organizations and 14 countries in five global regions who work across academia, nonprofit research organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and funding agencies.

Female agency and probable depression in the perinatal period and beyond: Longitudinal findings from rural Pakistan.

In Pakistan, a setting with high gender inequality, the relationship between female agency and mental health has not been studied longitudinally or beyond a defined life stage like pregnancy. Using data from the Bachpan cohort of mother-infant dyads in Pakistan, we investigated female agency and depression at two life stages: perinatal (third trimester to 6-months postpartum; n = 1154) and beyond (3- to 4-years postpartum). Modified Poisson models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for probable depression (PHQ-9) associated with female agency (freedom of movement and participation in household decision-making) at the two life stages.