The ferrireductase paraferritin contains divalent metal transporter as well as mobilferrin.

Inorganic iron can be transported into cells in the absence of transferrin. Ferric iron enters cells utilizing an integrin-mobilferrin-paraferritin pathway, whereas ferrous iron uptake is facilitated by divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1). Immunoprecipitation studies using antimobilferrin antibody precipitated the previously described large-molecular-weight protein complex named paraferritin.

Modulation of glycosaminoglycans in mouse mammary tumors.

Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from mouse mammary tumors and compared to the glycosaminoglycans isolated from normal postnatal developmental stages of the gland. Small, early tumors contained hyaluronic acid and a heparan with low sulfate content. This pattern was also characteristic of undeveloped normal glands from virgin mice.

Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans during maturation of the mouse mammary gland.

The mammary gland underwent morphological changes starting from a simple tubular structure, developing into a rich alveolar formation during lactation and ultimately a terminally differentiated tubular complex in retired breeders. Early stages of development, male and virgin mouse glands, were rich in hyaluronic acid but also contained smaller amounts of a low sulfate heparan. During lactation, there was a dramatic increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan, in particular dermatan sulfate.

A small RNA is associated with dermatan sulfate proteoglycan.

A specific RNA, called pgRNA, was bound to purified dermatan sulfate proteoglycan from porcine skin. The pgRNA was approximately 20 bases in length and contained greater than 80% guanosine. The pgRNA-proteoglycan complex was dissociated into pgRNA and apo-proteoglycan by denaturing conditions.

Folate analogues. 33. Synthesis of folate and antifolate poly-gamma-glutamates by [(9-fluorenylmethoxy)oxy]carbonyl chemistry and biological evaluation of certain methotrexate polyglutamate polylysine conjugates as inhibitors of the growth of H35 hepatoma cells.

Representative examples of folate and antifolate poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites were synthesized via the [(9-fluorenylmethoxy)oxy]carbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry using the KH polyamide resin. Polyglutamate yields were consistently better in all cases compared to the previous Merrifield method, and the crude products were obtained in greater than 85% purity. The symmetrical anhydride (7) derived from alpha-tert-butyl N-Fmoc-L-glutamate (6) was used for the initial coupling of the first glutamate residue to the KH resin and also for subsequent chain elongation.