Bioelectronic and photogenerated electron synergistic catalyzed removal of chlorhexidine: Degradation and mechanism.

The extensive use of the antimicrobial compound chlorhexidine (CHD) has emerged as a significant threat to both the ecological environment and human health. To address this concern, a photo-electrochemical cell-microbial fuel cell (PMFC) system was studied for CHD removal by incorporating, for the first time, the photocatalysts black phosphorus/carbon nitride (BPCN) and CuO into the bioanode and air cathode of an MFC, respectively. By combining electrochemical, macro-genomic, and intermediate product analyses, the underlying mechanisms of bioelectronic and photoelectronic synergies were elucidated.

Predictors of parent-child bonding and parenting satisfaction during the perinatal period: A structural equation model.

Objectives: To examine the predictors of parent-child bonding and parenting satisfaction using structural equation models at three time points across the perinatal period: (1) during pregnancy at >24 gestational weeks, (2) one month postpartum, and (3) three months postpartum.

Methods: This longitudinal exploratory quantitative study recruited a convenient sample of 118 heterosexual couples (236 participants; 118 mothers and 118 fathers) from maternity clinics of a public tertiary hospital in Singapore. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the parents' characteristics and study variables.

Oncological outcomes following extreme oncoplastic breast conserving surgery (eOPBCS) for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) accounts for 5 % of new breast cancer diagnoses in developed countries and 30-60 % in developing regions. Historically, treatment relied on mastectomy guided by the Halstedian theory. Advances in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), breast-conserving surgery (BCS), and radiation have transformed treatment into a multimodal approach.

Covalent Organic Frameworks with Carbon-centered Radical Sites for Promoting the 4e- Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Radical covalent organic frameworks (RCOFs) have demonstrated significant potential in redox catalysis and energy conversion applications. However, the synthesis of stable RCOFs with well-defined neutral carbon radical centers is challenging due to the inherent radical instability, limited synthetic methods and characterization difficulties. Building upon the understanding of stable carbon radicals and structural modulations for preparing crystalline COFs, herein we report the synthesis of a crystalline carbon-centered RCOF through a facile post-oxidation process.

Atomic Gap-State Engineering of MoS for Alkaline Water and Seawater Splitting.

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS), have emerged as a generation of nonprecious catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), largely due to their theoretical hydrogen adsorption energy close to that of platinum. However, efforts to activate the basal planes of TMDs have primarily centered around strategies such as introducing numerous atomic vacancies, creating vacancy-heteroatom complexes, or applying significant strain, especially for acidic media. These approaches, while potentially effective, present substantial challenges in practical large-scale deployment.

Palladium Nanosheet Enables Synergistic Electrocatalytic Dehalogenation via Direct and Indirect Electron Transfer Mechanisms.

Electrocatalytic dehalogenation is a promising method for the remediation of chlorinated organic pollutants. The dehalogenation performance is controlled by catalytic activity, and the underlying electrocatalytic dehalogenation mechanisms need to be carefully investigated for guiding the design of catalyst. Here we report the preparation of a new Pd-based catalyst with a nanosheet structure (Pd NS) by a simple wet-chemical reduction method.

Patients with hard-to-heal wounds: a review and synthesis of their experiences and perceptions of maggot debridement.

Objective: There is little use of maggot debridement therapy (MDT) worldwide, albeit there is much literature supporting its benefits and effectiveness for hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds. Hard-to-heal wounds are becoming ever more prevalent and MDT can play a pivotal role in wound care management. This underuse can be associated with patients' perceptions and experiences of MDT.

WS/MHS PdTe/Si Mixed-Dimensional Heterojunction as Ultra-Broadband Photodetector for Health and Safety Monitoring.

Ultra-broadband photodetectors (UB-PDs) are essential in medical applications, public safety monitoring, and various other fields. However, developing UB-PDs covering multiple bands from ultraviolet to medium infrared remains a challenge due to material limitations. Here, a mixed-dimensional heterojunction composed of 2D WS/monodisperse hexagonal stacking (MHS) 3D PdTe particles on 3D Si is proposed, capable of detecting light from 365 to 9600 nm.

Video-Based Plastic Bag Grabbing Action Recognition: A New Video Dataset and a Comparative Study of Baseline Models.

Recognizing the action of plastic bag taking from CCTV video footage represents a highly specialized and niche challenge within the broader domain of action video classification. To address this challenge, our paper introduces a novel benchmark video dataset specifically curated for the task of identifying the action of grabbing a plastic bag. Additionally, we propose and evaluate three distinct baseline approaches.

Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits.

This review describes our current understanding of the role of the mitochondria in the repurposing of the anti-diabetes drugs metformin, gliclazide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors for additional clinical benefits regarding unhealthy aging, long COVID, mental neurogenerative disorders, and obesity. Metformin, the most prominent of these diabetes drugs, has been called the "Drug of Miracles and Wonders," as clinical trials have found it to be beneficial for human patients suffering from these maladies. To promote viral replication in all infected human cells, SARS-CoV-2 stimulates the infected liver cells to produce glucose and to export it into the blood stream, which can cause diabetes in long COVID patients, and metformin, which reduces the levels of glucose in the blood, was shown to cut the incidence rate of long COVID in half for all patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2.

Scaffolding informed consent.

The principle of respecting patient autonomy underpins the concept and practice of informed consent. Yet current approaches to consent often ignore the ways in which the exercise of autonomy is deeply epistemically dependent.In this paper, we draw on philosophical descriptions of autonomy 'scaffolding' and apply them to informed consent in medicine.

Pangeneric genome analyses reveal the evolution and diversity of the orchid genus Dendrobium.

Orchids constitute one of the most diverse families of angiosperms, yet their genome evolution and diversity remain unclear. Here we construct and analyse chromosome-scale de novo assembled genomes of 17 representative accessions spanning 12 sections in Dendrobium, one of the largest orchid genera. These accessions represent a broad spectrum of phenotypes, lineages and geographical distributions.

Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.

T cells have been identified as correlates of protection in viral infections. However, the level of vaccine-induced T cells needed and the extent to which they alone can control acute viral infection in humans remain uncertain. Here we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving vaccination and challenge in 33 adult human volunteers, using the live-attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) and chimeric Japanese encephalitis-YF17D (JE/YF17D) vaccines.

Designer topological-single-atom catalysts with site-specific selectivity.

Designing catalysts with well-defined, identical sites that achieve site-specific selectivity, and activity remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a design principle of topological-single-atom catalysts (T-SACs) guided by density functional theory (DFT) and Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations, where metal single atoms are arranged in asymmetric configurations that electronic shield topologically misorients d orbitals, minimizing unwanted interactions between reactants and the support surface. Mn/CeO catalysts, synthesized via a charge-transfer-driven approach, demonstrate superior catalytic activity and selectivity for NO removal.

Guidance on biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration: Fabrication methods, materials and biological considerations.

Regeneration of the multiple tissues and interfaces in the periodontal complex necessitates multidisciplinary evaluation to establish structure/function relationships. This article, an initiative of the Academy of Dental Materials, provides guidance for performing chemical, structural, and mechanical characterization of materials for periodontal tissue regeneration, and outlines important recommendations on methods of testing bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of biomaterials/scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering. First, we briefly summarize periodontal tissue engineering fabrication methods.

Centering the body in agricultural development: Bridging conceptualizations of bodies-as-mechanism and bodies-as-affective.

There is resurgent interest in making agriculture more "nutrition sensitive" to address longstanding rural health disparities. Yet, the relations between agri-ecological systems and producer wellbeing and health are complex, and approaches to studying them are scattered across multiple disciplinary traditions. This paper forges a methodological framework to study how bodily and social wellbeing may be facilitated/hindered amongst individuals engaged in agriculture by centering the material body within agriculture-nutrition analyses.

Smart Imitator: Learning from Imperfect Clinical Decisions.

Objectives: This study introduces Smart Imitator (SI), a 2-phase reinforcement learning (RL) solution enhancing personalized treatment policies in healthcare, addressing challenges from imperfect clinician data and complex environments.

Materials And Methods: Smart Imitator's first phase uses adversarial cooperative imitation learning with a novel sample selection schema to categorize clinician policies from optimal to nonoptimal. The second phase creates a parameterized reward function to guide the learning of superior treatment policies through RL.

Treatment of very high risk membranous nephropathy complicated by pulmonary embolism with glucocorticoids and rituximab: Case report.

Rationale: We report the efficacy of combination prednisolone and intravenous (IV) rituximab as an immunosuppressive regimen for a young male presenting with extensive venous thromboembolism including a submassive pulmonary embolism secondary to life-threatening nephrotic syndrome from very high risk anti-phospholipase-A2 receptor (PLA2R) positive membranous nephropathy. Initial treatment was with mechanical thrombectomy and anticoagulation. Thereafter, oral prednisolone was initiated to induce remission, during a period of uninterrupted anticoagulation.

Sequential Targeting Chondroitin Sulfate-Bilirubin Nanomedicine Attenuates Osteoarthritis via Reprogramming Lipid Metabolism in M1 Macrophages.

The infiltration and excessive polarization of M1 macrophages contribute to the induction and persistence of low-grade inflammation in joint-related degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). The lipid metabolism dysregulation promotes M1 macrophage polarization by coordinating the compensatory pathways of the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Here, a self-assembling, licofelone-loaded nanoparticle (termed LCF-CSBN), comprising chondroitin sulfate and bilirubin joined by an ethylenediamine linker, is developed to selectively reprogram lipid metabolism in macrophage activation.

Reprogrammable Flexible Piezoelectric Actuator Arrays with a High Degree of Freedom for Shape Morphing and Locomotion.

The high degree of freedom (DoF) shape morphing widely exists in biology for mimicry, camouflage, and locomotion. Currently, a lot of bionic soft/flexible actuators and robots with shape-morphing functions have been developed to realize conformity, grasp, and movement. Among these solutions, two-dimensional responsive materials and structures that can shape morph into different three-dimensional configurations are valuable for creating reversible high DoF shape morphing.

Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of complex from clinical respiratory samples.

Unlabelled: The complex (MAC) is a common causative agent causing nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease worldwide. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a total of 203 retrospective MAC isolates from respiratory specimens. Phylogenomic analysis identified eight subspecies and species.

Country-specific key lifestyle factors and health outcomes for resource allocation in the general population: a network analysis across 29 countries.

Background: We aimed to identify the central lifestyle, the most impactful among lifestyle factor clusters; the central health outcome, the most impactful among health outcome clusters; and the bridge lifestyle, the most strongly connected to health outcome clusters, across 29 countries to optimise resource allocation for local holistic health improvements.

Methods: From July 2020 to August 2021, we surveyed 16 461 adults across 29 countries who self-reported changes in 18 lifestyle factors and 13 health outcomes due to the pandemic. Three networks were generated by network analysis for each country: lifestyle, health outcome, and bridge networks.

Remission of persistent hypertension and hypokalaemia following redo adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism - case report.

We report on a case of a 67-year-old male who was referred to our care with persistent aldosteronism post adrenalectomy. Biochemical failure after surgery is rare after surgery for primary aldosteronism (PA). Persistent hypokalaemia and raised aldosteronism is an indication of treatment failure after surgery.