Human Disturbance Increases Health Risks to Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys and the Transfer Risk of Pathogenic Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys to Humans.

From the perspective of interactions in the human-animal-ecosystem, the study and control of pathogenic bacteria that can cause disease in animals and humans is the core content of "One Health". In order to test the effect of human disturbance (HD) on the health risk of pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARBs) to wild animals and transfer risk of the PARBs from wild animals to humans, golden snub-nosed monkeys () were used as sentinel animals. Metagenomic analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of PARBs in the gut microbiota of golden snub-nosed monkeys.

Identification and Validation of a Stable Major-Effect Quantitative Trait Locus for Kernel Number per Spike on Chromosome 2D in Wheat ( L.).

A recombinant inbred line population including 371 lines was developed by a high kernel number per spike (KNPS) genotype T1208 and a low KNPS genotype Chuannong18 (CN18). A genetic linkage map consisting of 11,583 markers was constructed by the Wheat55K SNP Array. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to KNPS were detected in three years.

Monocyte-Derived Chicken Macrophages Exposed to Sporozoites Display Reduced Susceptibility to Invasion by Tachyzoite.

Both and are common apicomplexan parasites in chickens. Host cell invasion by both protozoans includes gliding motility, host cell attachment and active penetration. Chicken macrophages as phagocytic cells participate in the innate host immune response against these two parasites.

DG-GAN: A High Quality Defect Image Generation Method for Defect Detection.

The surface defect detection of industrial products has become a crucial link in industrial manufacturing. It has a series of chain effects on the control of product quality, the safety of the subsequent use of products, the reputation of products, and production efficiency. However, in actual production, it is often difficult to collect defect image samples.

The Change in Habitat Quality for the Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkey from 1975 to 2022.

The reduction in habitat quality (as shown, in part, by the increase in habitat rarity) is an important challenge when protecting the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. We used the InVEST model to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes in the habitat of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey from 1975 to 2022. The results show that in the study period, the degree of habitat degradation increased, with the degradation range at its widest in the south, and the degradation intensity highest in the north, especially along a center "spine" area in the north.

Research on Space Occupancy, Activity Rhythm and Sexual Segregation of White-Lipped Deer () in Forest Habitats of Jiacha Gorge on Yarlung Zangbo River Basin Based on Infrared Camera Technology.

The white-lipped deer ( is a rare and endangered species found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. To understand the space occupancy, activity rhythm, and sexual segregation of the white-lipped deer, 24,096 effective photos and 827 effective videos were captured using infrared cameras from February 2020 to January 2022. The ecology and behavior of the white-lipped deer in Jiacha Gorge were studied in more detail using site occupancy models, relative abundance index, and other technologies and methods.

Genome-Wide Identification of Superoxide Dismutase and Expression in Response to Fruit Development and Biological Stress in : A Bioinformatics Study.

is a newly domesticated perennial fruit tree, and the lack of molecular research on stress resistance seriously affects its genetic improvement and commercial value development. Superoxide dismutase () can effectively eliminate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the rapid growth of plant organs under biotic and abiotic stresses, maintaining a steady state of physiological metabolism. In this study, 13 consisting of two (), four () and seven () were identified in the genome.

Identification of Photoperiod- and Phytohormone-Responsive DNA-Binding One Zinc Finger (Dof) Transcription Factors in via Genome-Wide Expression Analysis.

As a kind of plant-specific transcription factor (TF), DNA-Binding One Zinc Finger (Dof) is widely involved in the response to environmental change, and as an evolutionarily important perennial plant species, is ideal for studying environmental adaptation. In this study, a total of 41 were identified in the genome. First, the characteristics, including the length, exon number, and chromosomal distribution of the and the isoelectric point (PI), amino acid number, molecular weight (MW), and conserved motifs of their putative proteins, were reported.

Phenotypic characterization of the wheat temperature-sensitive leaf color mutant and physical mapping of mutant gene by reduced-representation sequencing.

Few available leaf color mutants in crops have greatly limited the understanding of photosynthesis mechanisms, leading to few accomplishments in crop yield improvement via enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. Here, a noticeable albino mutant, CN19M06, was identified. A comparison between CN19M06 and the wild type CN19 at different temperatures showed that the albino mutant was temperature-sensitive and produced leaves with a decreased chlorophyll content at temperatures below 10 °C.

Multiomics analysis elucidated molecular mechanism of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in fruit.

is a novel edible and healthy fruit. Here, we found that this fruit had the highest content of total free amino acids and three aromatic amino acids (AAAs) compared with the other popular fruits, and there was an obvious inverse relationship between AAA and flavonoid levels in various fruit tissues. Multiomics analysis revealed that the evolutionarily strengthened synthetic pathway of all three AAAs, the largely regulating ability conferred by in the arogenate pathway and the complementary phenylpyruvate pathway endorsed by of both Phe and Tyr biosynthesis provided reasonable explanations for the high AAA content in the flesh of fruit.

Wide Grain 3, a GRAS Protein, Interacts with DLT to Regulate Grain Size and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Rice.

Background: Grain size is a direct determinant of grain weight and yield in rice; however, the genetic and molecular mechanisms determining grain size remain largely unknown.

Findings: We identified a mutant, wide grain 3 (wg3), which exhibited significantly increased grain width and 1000-grain weight. Cytological analysis showed that WG3 regulates grain size by affecting cell proliferation.

The chromosome-level genome of Akebia trifoliata as an important resource to study plant evolution and environmental adaptation in the Cretaceous.

The environmental adaptation of eudicots is the most reasonable explanation for why they compose the largest clade of modern plants (>70% of angiosperms), which indicates that the basal eudicots would be valuable and helpful to study their survival and ability to thrive throughout evolutionary processes. Here, we detected two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in the high-quality assembled Akebia trifoliata genome (652.73 Mb) with 24 138 protein-coding genes based on the evidence of intragenomic and intergenomic collinearity, synonymous substitution rate (K ) values and polyploidization and diploidization traces; these events putatively occurred at 85.

Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene Family in and Their Evolutionary Events in Angiosperms.

As the largest clade of modern plants, flower plants have evolved a wide variety of flowers and fruits. MADS-box genes play key roles in regulating plant morphogenesis, while basal eudicots have an evolutionarily important position of acting as an evolutionary bridge between basal angiosperms and core eudicots. is an important member of the basal eudicot group.

[Mechanism of total flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata against gouty arthritis based on multi-level interactive network and in vivo experimental validation].

The present study investigated the mechanism of total flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata(AGTF) against gouty arthritis(GA) by network pharmacology and experimental validation. The main active ingredients and targets of AGTF, as well as disease targets, were screened out using relevant databases and literature data. The "protein-protein interaction"(PPI) network and "drug-ingredient-target-pathway" network were constructed, and the potential targets and mechanism of AGTF against GA were predicted.

Real-world comparison of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin or metronidazole in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: There is a lack of real-world evidence of the comparative effectiveness of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin or metronidazole for treating patients with Clostridium difficile (CDI) infection. No systematic evidence comparing these treatment regimens using real-world observational studies was published up to date. The goal of this study is to compare the fidaxomicin and vancomycin/metronidazole regimens in terms of treatment outcomes in CDI patients.

An improved adaptive periodical segment matrix algorithm for ECG denoising based on singular value decomposition.

Background: Wearable devices that monitor heart health of cardiac disease patients in real time are in great demand.

Objective: We propose an algorithm of improved segment periodical matrix construction for irregular electrocardiogram (ECG) signal denoising.

Method: While splitting the heartbeat based on each RR interval for periodical segments matrix construction, the as-filtered ECG signal is reconstructed by the maximum singular value after a singular value decomposition.

Effects of different ozone treatments on the storage quality and stability of fresh peeled garlic.

In order to understand their impacts on the preservation of fresh garlic, varying concentrations of ozone gas and different storage temperatures were tested for this experiment. The results demonstrated that freshly peeled garlic was best preserved by an ozone concentration of 5 ppm and storage at 4 °C compared to other treatment groups. With these optimized conditions, after 25 days of storage, the weight of garlic decreased by only 1.

The Genomic Profile Associated with Risk of Severe Forms of COVID-19 in Amazonian Native American Populations.

Genetic factors associated with COVID-19 disease outcomes are poorly understood. This study aimed to associate genetic variants in the , , , , , , and genes with the risk of severe forms of COVID-19 in Amazonian Native Americans, and to compare the frequencies with continental populations. The study population was composed of 64 Amerindians from the Amazon region of northern Brazil.

Evaluation of the freshness of rainbow trout () fillets by the NIR, E-nose and SPME-GC-MS.

A comparison study on the freshness of rainbow trout () fillets in the course of their sale was performed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), and the electronic nose (E-nose) technique. Quantitative analysis of the volatile salt nitrogen (TVB-N) of rainbow trout fillets with different freshness using NIR combined with the partial least squares (PLS) method revealed that the predicted values of TVB-N of the samples were significantly correlated with the true values ( < 0.01).

Factors associated with 90-day acute ischemic stroke in patients ≥70 years old with total hip arthroplasty for hip fracture.

Background: Postoperative ischemic stroke is a devastating complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients ≥70 years old with THA for hip fracture after 90 days and independent risk factors associated with 90-day AIS.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted, patients ≥70 years old with THA for hip fracture under general anesthesia were included from February 2017 to March 2020.

A Simple Gas-Solid Treatment for Surface Modification of Li-Rich Oxides Cathodes.

Li-rich layered oxides with high capacity are expected to be the next generation of cathode materials. However, the irreversible and sluggish anionic redox reaction leads to the O loss in the surface as well as the capacity and voltage fading. In the present study, a simple gas-solid treatment with ferrous oxalate has been proposed to uniformly coat a thin spinel phase layer with oxygen vacancy and simultaneously realize Fe-ion substitution in the surface.

Regulates Grain Number and Grain Yield in Rice.

Rice grain yield consists of several key components, including tiller number, grain number per panicle (GNP), and grain weight. Among them, GNP is mainly determined by panicle branches and spikelet formation. In this study, we identified a gene affecting GNP and grain yield, , which encodes SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family proteins.

Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus shock wave lithotripsy for the medium-sized renal stones.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Miniperc) and shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for medium-sized renal stones.

Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was performed in February 2020 using the Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase. The outcome measurements between two procedures were stone-free rates (SFR), complication rates, operative time, hospitalization stay time, re-treatment rate, auxiliary procedures rate and efficiency quotient.

The Shared Use of Extended Phenotypes Increases the Fitness of Simulated Populations.

Extended phenotypes are manifestations of genes that occur outside of the organism that possess those genes. In spite of their widespread occurrence, the role of extended phenotypes in evolutionary biology is still a matter of debate. Here, we explore the indirect effects of extended phenotypes, especially their shared use, in the fitness of simulated individuals and populations.

Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Nickel-rich layered transition metal oxides are considered as promising cathode candidates to construct next-generation lithium-ion batteries to satisfy the demands of electrical vehicles, because of the high energy density, low cost, and environment friendliness. However, some problems related to rate capability, structure stability, and safety still hamper their commercial application. In this Review, beginning with the relationships between the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance, the underlying mechanisms of the capacity/voltage fade and the unstable structure of Ni-rich cathodes are deeply analyzed.