Cytokines as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of infection in Mediterranean buffaloes ().

() is the primary agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Mediterranean buffalo, which has a negative economic impact on buffalo herds. Improving TB diagnostic performance in this species represents a key step to eradicate efficiently this disease. We have recently shown the utility of the IFN-γ assay in the diagnosis of infection in Mediterranean buffaloes (), but other cytokines might be useful immunological biomarkers of this infection.

Absence of Viral Replication Is Associated With Improved Outcome in Anti-HCV-Positive Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Presence of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may influence the outcome of patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although this issue has never been adequately assessed in a large series of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of active HCV affects the survival of patients treated for HCC.

Methods: This study assessed the outcome of 3123 anti-HCV-positive patients with HCC, subdivided according to the presence of active HCV infection or previous sustained virological response (SVR).

Maintenance therapy with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after cangrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 investigators' viewpoint.

According to the ESC guidelines, cangrelor may be considered in P2Y12-inhibitor-naïve acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence on the optimal maintenance therapy with P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after cangrelor. Transitioning from cangrelor to a thienopyridine, but not ticagrelor, can be associated with a drug-drug interaction (DDI); therefore, a ticagrelor loading dose (LD) can be given any time before, during, or at the end of a cangrelor infusion, while a LD of clopidogrel or prasugrel should be administered at the time the infusion of cangrelor ends or within 30 minutes before the end of infusion in the case of a LD of prasugrel.

Leveraging machine learning algorithms to forecast delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,115 participants.

It is feasible to predict delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) using Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which may offer significant improvements in early diagnosis and patient management. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of machine learning (ML) in predicting DCI, aiming to integrate complex clinical data to enhance diagnostic accuracy. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Embase databases without restrictions until June 2024, applying PRISMA guidelines.

Implementing proximity care for people with multiple sclerosis in Italy: the bottom-up approach of the StayHome project.

Objective: In Italy, around 137,000 people live with multiple sclerosis, facing organizational complexities due to the current model's limited focus on proximity care. This project aims to define a proximity model, in accordance with recent developments in the Italian healthcare landscape, engaging over 150 healthcare stakeholders and potentially impacting approximately 14,000 patients.

Methods: An analysis was pursued to map the multiple sclerosis pathway, followed by interviews to capture the actual implementation in Italian Multiple Sclerosis Centers.

Helminthiasis and mpox vaccination: challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The ongoing mpox outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa has highlighted the critical need for equitable vaccine access and robust logistical support. However, these factors alone are insufficient to ensure the success of vaccination campaigns in regions characterized by unique epidemiological and immunological challenges. One significant issue is the high prevalence of helminth infections, which are known to impair immune responses to vaccines, potentially reducing both short-term efficacy and long-term antibody titers.

"Intrableb pigmentation following XEN implantation: A case series".

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and to describe the characteristics of the intrableb pigmentation (IBP) following XEN63 implantation.

Methods: Retrospective case series of three eyes presenting a pigment dispersion in the filtering bleb after a XEN63 implantation for uncontrolled IOP. Demographic, clinical and imaging data were obtained from medical records.

Wolbachia-Based Approaches to Controlling Mosquito-Borne Viral Threats: Innovations, AI Integration, and Future Directions in the Context of Climate Change.

Wolbachia-based mosquito control strategies have gained significant attention as a sustainable approach to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. These endosymbiotic bacteria can limit the ability of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemical-based interventions. With the growing impact of climate change on mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission, Wolbachia interventions represent an adaptable and resilient strategy for mitigating the public health burden of vector-borne diseases.

Multidrug-Resistant Strains in a Hospital: Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Local Epidemiology.

Multidrug-resistant is a significant healthcare challenge that particularly affects vulnerable patients through opportunistic nosocomial infections. Surveillance is crucial for monitoring the prevalence of these infections. Eighty-four KPC strains (2019-2022) were collected from patients admitted in Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico.

Fluoroquinolones and Biofilm: A Narrative Review.

: Biofilm-associated infections frequently span multiple body sites and represent a significant clinical challenge, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving surgery and antimicrobial therapy. These infections are commonly healthcare-associated and frequently related to internal or external medical devices. The formation of biofilms complicates treatment, as they create environments that are difficult for most antimicrobial agents to penetrate.

Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen.

Honey, a natural food with a rich history, is produced by honeybees and other species of bees from nectar, other plant fluids, and honeydew of sap-sucking insects. During foraging, these bees may be exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), metals, and metalloids, potentially leading to residues in honey and hive products that could have a negative impact on human safety. Recognizing the lack of an appropriate methodology for pesticide contamination of honey and other hive products, this research aims to support the need for studies on residues in pollen and bee products for human consumption to establish safe maximum residue levels (MRLs) for consumers.

Combined Use of Univariate and Multivariate Approaches to Detect Selection Signatures Associated with Milk or Meat Production in Cattle.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic structure of the cattle breeds selected for meat and milk production and to identify selection signatures between them.

Methods: A total of 391 animals genotyped at 41,258 SNPs and belonging to nine breeds were considered: Angus (N = 62), Charolais (46), Hereford (31), Limousin (44), and Piedmontese (24), clustered in the Meat group, and Brown Swiss (42), Holstein (63), Jersey (49), and Montbéliarde (30), clustered in the Milk group. The population stratification was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), whereas selection signatures were identified by univariate (Wright fixation index, F) and multivariate (canonical discriminant analysis, CDA) approaches.

The Role of miR-486-5p on CSCs Phenotypes in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third diagnosed cancer worldwide. Forty-four percent of metastatic colorectal cancer patients were diagnosed at an early stage. Despite curative resection, approximately 40% of patients will develop metastases within a few years.

Computed Tomography-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Nasal Carcinomas in Dogs.

Nasal carcinomas in dogs are locally invasive neoplasms with a low metastatic rate that pose significant treatment challenges due to their location and aggressiveness. This study evaluates the safety, feasibility, and therapeutic outcomes of computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation (CT-guided RFA) in 15 dogs diagnosed with nasal adenocarcinoma. All patients underwent staging and histopathological diagnosis before treatment.

Genomic Analysis of Sarda Sheep Raised at Diverse Temperatures Highlights Several Genes Involved in Adaptations to the Environment and Heat Stress Response.

Livestock expresses complex traits influenced by several factors. The response of animals to variations in climatic factors, such as increases in temperature, may induce heat stress conditions. In this study, animals living at different temperatures were compared using the genome-wide Wright fixation index ().

New Insight into the Crayfish (Girard, 1852) (Crustacea, Cambaridae): A Morphometric Combined Approach to Describe the Case of a Mediterranean Population.

We adopted a morphometric approach to provide statistical support for the description of two different morphotypes (I, reproductive, II, non-reproductive) firstly observed in specimens caught in a population from Sardinia Island (western Mediterranean). The morphometric study was preceded by molecular taxonomic identification using the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The presence or absence of the pathogen , responsible for the plague, was also investigated using the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker.

Modulating the p53-MDM2 pathway: the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in cancer treatment.

The p53-MDM2 pathway plays a crucial role regulating tumor suppression and is a focal point of cancer research. This literature review delves into the complex interplay between the tumor suppressor protein p53 and its main regulator MDM2, highlighting their interaction and implications in cancer development and progression. The review compiles and summarizes the existing understanding of the biology and regulation of p53 and MDM2, emphasizing their roles in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and metabolism.

Endostatin as a biomarker of systemic sclerosis: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The critical role played by vascular dysfunction and ineffective angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) suggests that circulating biomarkers reflecting these alterations may be useful in the clinical evaluation of this patient group. We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating a such candidate biomarker, endostatin, an endogenous glycoprotein exerting anti-angiogenic effects, in SSc patients and healthy controls.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to 27 May 2024.

Dynamic reconfiguration of aperiodic brain activity supports cognitive functioning in epilepsy: A neural fingerprint identification.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized by alterations of brain dynamic on a large-scale associated with altered cognitive functioning. Here, we aimed at analyzing dynamic reconfiguration of brain activity, using the neural fingerprint approach, to delineate subject-specific characteristics and their cognitive correlates in TLE. We collected 10 min of resting-state scalp-electroencephalography (EEG, 128 channels), free from epileptiform activity, from 68 TLE patients and 34 controls.

Priority actions for Fusarium head blight resistance in durum wheat: Insights from the wheat initiative.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is a major wheat disease. Significant efforts have been made to improve resistance to FHB in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), but more work is needed for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum).

Fecal Metaproteomics as a Tool to Monitor Functional Modifications Induced in the Gut Microbiota by Ketogenic Diet: A Case Study.

Metaproteomics is a valuable approach to characterize the biological functions involved in the gut microbiota (GM) response to dietary interventions. Ketogenic diets (KDs) are very effective in controlling seizure severity and frequency in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and in the weight loss management in obese/overweight individuals. This case study provides proof of concept for the suitability of metaproteomics to monitor changes in taxonomic and functional GM features in an individual on a short-term very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD, 4 weeks), followed by a low-calorie diet (LCD).

Cerebral iron accumulation in multiple sclerosis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies highlight the role of cerebral iron (Fe) accumulation in exacerbating MS pathophysiology. Fe, essential for neural function, contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation when dysregulated, particularly in the brain's gray matter and demyelinated lesions.

Ten-year update of HOBOE phase III trial comparing triptorelin plus either tamoxifen or letrozole or zoledronic acid + letrozole in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer patients.

Background: The Hormonal Bone Effects (HOBOE) study tested whether adjuvant triptorelin plus either letrozole (L) or zoledronic acid (Z) plus L (ZL) was more effective than tamoxifen (T) in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC). Here we report the long-term follow-up analysis.

Patients And Methods: HOBOE (ClinicalTrials.

Sardinian fermented sausage traditional production process: a preliminary survey in eight establishments.

This study aimed to conduct a preliminary investigation in eight Sardinian fermented sausage (SFS) production plants to acquire knowledge about the differences in the applied technological process and their influence on the safety and sensory characteristics of the finished product. Two audits were conducted in each plant to evaluate structural characteristics and process technologies; 72 samples of SFS at the end of seasoning and 48 environmental samples were analyzed. , spp.