Enriched environment prevents hypernociception and depression-like behavior in a psychiatric disorder and neuropathic pain comorbidity experimental condition.

Pain is a multifactorial debilitating condition associated with some psychiatric comorbidities such as generalized anxiety and depression. Concerning pharmacological treatment, which is often inefficient or associated with intense side effects, the physical and social context may be fundamental for patient's health improvement. In this sense, we sought to assess the impact of an enriched environment (EE) on neuropathic pain (NP) and depression comorbid.

Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates mediating fear-induced antinociception: A systematic review of rodent preclinical studies.

Fear-induced antinociception (FIA), an instinctive defensive response producing pain suppression in stressful and/or dangerous situations, has been the subject of extensive research to elucidate the mechanisms involved in triggering and controlling pain during emotional disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesized pre-clinical studies that demonstrated the neural hodology and the neurochemical bases of FIA in laboratory animals. The literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus, from inception up to July 2022, retrieved 797 articles from which 50 studies were included in this review.

Precision oncology platforms: practical strategies for genomic database utilization in cancer treatment.

In recent years, the expansion of molecularly targeted cancer therapies has significantly advanced precision oncology. Parallel developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have also improved precision oncology applications, making genomic analysis of tumors more affordable and accessible. Targeted NGS panels now enable the rapid identification of diverse actionable mutations, requiring clinicians to efficiently assess the predictive value of cancer biomarkers for specific treatments.

EMC1 Is Required for the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Functions in the Muscle.

EMC1 is part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex, whose functions include the insertion of transmembrane proteins into the ER membrane, ER-mitochondria contact, and lipid exchange. Here, we show that the gene is expressed in the somatic musculature and the protein localizes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) network. Muscle-specific RNAi led to severe motility defects and partial late pupae/early adulthood lethality, phenotypes that are rescued by co-expression with an transgene.

Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Male Breast Cancer in Brazil: A Large Population-Based Study.

Aims: This study evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment trends, and overall survival (OS) in male breast cancer (BC) in Sao Paulo State of Brazil.

Materials And Methods: Men diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between January 2000 and June 2020 were identified from Fundação Oncocentro de Sao Paulo database encompasses data pertinent to 46 million residents of the Sao Paulo State of Brazil. Patients were described according to age, education level, clinical stage, treatment modalities, and medical practice.

Orexin mechanisms in the prelimbic cortex modulate the expression of contextual conditioned fear.

Rationale: Despite the existing anatomical and physiological evidence pointing to the involvement of orexinergic projections from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in regulating fear-related responses, little is known regarding the contribution of the orexin system in the prelimbic cortex (PL) on contextual fear.

Objectives: We investigated the role of orexin-A (Orx) and orexin type 1 receptors (OrxR) in the PL during the expression of contextual conditioned fear in mice.

Methods: Neural tract tracing of the LH-PL pathway and OrxR immunoreactivity in the PL of C57BL/6 male mice were performed.

Kappa-opioid receptor blockade in the inferior colliculus of prey threatened by pit vipers decreases anxiety and panic-like behaviour.

The dorsal midbrain comprises dorsal columns of the periaqueductal grey matter and corpora quadrigemina. These structures are rich in beta-endorphinergic and leu-enkephalinergic neurons and receive GABAergic inputs from substantia nigra pars reticulata. Although the inferior colliculus (IC) is mainly involved in the acoustic pathways, the electrical and chemical stimulation of central and pericentral nuclei of the IC elicits a vigorous defensive behaviour.

Which Variables Are Associated with the Magnitude of the Physical Fitness Response in Older Adults? An Analysis of Their Development and Influence.

Regular physical exercise has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the health and well-being of older adults. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the impacts of exercise on older adults with different health conditions, as well as in the customization of training programs according to individual capabilities. This study aimed to analyze the variables that influence the response of physical capabilities in older adults, considering their development over the aging process, with the goal of assisting professionals in creating personalized training programs.

Sarcobesity: New paradigms for healthy aging related to taurine supplementation, gut microbiota and exercise.

Enigmatic sarcopenic obesity is still a challenge for science and adds to the global public health burden. The progressive accumulation of body fat combined with a dysfunctional skeletal muscle structure and composition, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic resistance, among other aggravating factors, together represent the seriousness and complexity of treating the metabolic disorder of sarcobesity in aging. For this reason, further studies are needed that encourage the support of therapeutic management.

Brazilian pediatric patients with gliomas: treatment characteristics and survival outcomes.

Background: The current study aimed to determine the overall survival (OS) rates of patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas in Brazil, accounting for the influence of age, treatment modalities, and tumor site, using a population-based national database.

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas of central nervous system (CNS) from 1999-2020 were identified from The Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo public database. The Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test were used for survival analysis.

Efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) stands as the predominant type of brainstem glioma. It is characterized by a notably brief median survival period, with the majority of patients experiencing disease progression within six months following radiation therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) compared to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) in DIPG treatment.

In Vivo Neural Tract Tracing Procedures: Unravelling Neural Hodology Using Fluorescent and Non-fluorescent Neural Tract Tracers, Optogenetic Approach, and Diffusion Tensor Neurotractography Protocols.

Fluorescent and non-fluorescent neural tract tracers enable the investigation of neural pathways in both peripheral and central nervous systems in laboratory animals demonstrating images with high resolution and great anatomic precision. Anterograde and retrograde viral tracers are important cutting-edge tools for neuroanatomical mapping. The optogenetic consists of an advanced alternative for in vivo neural tract tracing procedures, fundamentally considering the possibility to dissect and modulate pathways either exciting or inhibiting neural circuits in laboratory animals.

Nitric oxide-signalling affects panic-like defensive behaviour and defensive antinociception neuromodulation in the prelimbic cerebral cortex.

Rationale: The prelimbic division (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key structure in panic.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in defensive behaviour and antinociception.

Methods: Either Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or Carboxy-PTIO was microinjected in the PrL cortex, followed by hypothalamic treatment with bicuculline.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to the primary tumor and lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) who are ineligible for or refused concomitant chemoradiation.

Materials And Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. The study included reports that assessed the outcomes of SABR treatment in patients with LA-NSCLC.

Cannabidiol in the dorsal hippocampus attenuates emotional and cognitive impairments related to neuropathic pain: The role of prelimbic neocortex-hippocampal connections.

Background And Purpose: Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is commonly associated with cognitive and emotional impairments. Cannabidiol (CBD) presents a broad spectrum of action with a potential analgesic effect. This work investigates the CBD effect on comorbidity between chronic NP, depression, and memory impairment.

Investigating the Role of and Expression in Prostate Cancer Progression and Immune Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an immunologically cold tumor and the molecular processes that underlie this behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated a primary cohort of intermediate-risk PCa ( = 51) using two NanoString profiling panels designed to study cancer progression and immune response. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical risk.

Egyptian Pediatric Guidelines for the Management of Children with Isolated Thrombocytopenia Using the Adapted ADAPTE Methodology-A Limited-Resource Country Perspective.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a prevalent presentation in childhood with a broad spectrum of etiologies, associated findings, and clinical outcomes. Establishing the cause of thrombocytopenia and its proper management have obvious clinical repercussions but may be challenging. This article provides an adaptation of the high-quality Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) of pediatric thrombocytopenia management to suit Egypt's health care context.

Fast and accurate 3-D spine MRI segmentation using FastCleverSeg.

Accurate and efficient segmenting of vertebral bodies, muscles, and discs is crucial for analyzing various spinal diseases. However, traditional methods are either laborious and time-consuming (manual segmentation) or require extensive training data (fully automatic segmentation). FastCleverSeg, our proposed semi-automatic segmentation approach, addresses those limitations by significantly reducing user interaction while maintaining high accuracy.

Therapeutic applicability of cannabidiol and other phytocannabinoids in epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease and in comorbidity with psychiatric disorders.

Studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) and other Cannabis sativa L. derivatives on diseases of the central nervous system caused by their direct or indirect interaction with endocannabinoid system-related receptors and other molecular targets, such as the 5-HT receptor, which is a potential pharmacological target of CBD. Interestingly, CBD binding with the 5-HT receptor may be suitable for the treatment of epilepsies, parkinsonian syndromes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which the 5-HT serotonergic receptor plays a key role.

Organ-sparing techniques and dose-volume constrains used in breast cancer radiation therapy - Results from European and Latin American surveys.

Background: Advances in local and systemic therapies have improved the outcomes of patients with breast cancer (BC), leading to a possible increased risk for postoperative radiation therapy (RT) late adverse events. The most adequate technologies and dose constraints for organs at risk (OAR) in BC RT have yet to be defined.

Methods: An online survey was distributed to radiation oncologists (ROs) practicing in Europe and Latin America including the Caribbean (LAC) through personal contacts, RO and BC professional groups' networks.