The Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio Is Associated with Hyperinsulinemia in Healthy Mexican Adolescents.

To evaluate whether the Fat-to-Lean Mass (FyM) ratio is associated to hyperinsulinemia in healthy adolescents. Apparently healthy adolescents aged 10 to 15 years that according to sex, age, and percentiles of body fat percent, were included and allocated into the groups with elevated (body fat percent ≥85 percentile) and normal total body fat (body fat percent <85 percentile). The FyM ratio was calculated as total lean mass (kg)/total body fat (kg) and hyperinsulinemia was defined by fasting insulin levels ≥20 µUI/mL.

Skin α-Synuclein Aggregation Seeding Activity as a Novel Biomarker for Parkinson Disease.

Importance: Deposition of the pathological α-synuclein (αSynP) in the brain is the hallmark of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease (PD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Whether real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assays can sensitively detect skin biomarkers for PD and non-PD synucleinopathies remains unknown.

Objective: To develop sensitive and specific skin biomarkers for antemortem diagnosis of PD and other synucleinopathies.

The Influence of Maltodextrin on the Thermal Transitions and State Diagrams of Fruit Juice Model Systems.

The state diagram, which is defined as a stability map of different states and phases of a food as a function of the solid content and temperature, is regarded as fundamental approach in the design and optimization of processes or storage procedures of food in the low-, intermediate-, and high-moisture domains. Therefore, in this study, the effects of maltodextrin addition on the freezing points (Tm', Tm) and glass transition temperatures (Tg', Tg) required for the construction of state diagrams of fruit juice model systems by using differential scanning calorimetry methods was investigated. A D-optimal experimental design was used to prepare a total of 25 anhydrous model food systems at various dry mass fractions of fructose, glucose, sucrose, pectin, citric acid, and maltodextrin, in which this last component varied between 0 and 0.

Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Marginal Seal of Indirect Restorations of Composites Bonded with Preheating Resin.

Objective:  Preheated resins (PR) are considered a cementing agent option for indirect adhesive restorations of composite inlays and onlays. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing, adhesive interface, and microtensile bond strength of indirect adhesive restorations of composites in terms of dentin cemented with PR.

Materials And Methods:  Standardized Class II preparations were performed on 30 extracted human premolars, impressions were taken, and indirect composite restorations were manufactured.

Green One-Step Synthesis of Medical Nanoagents for Advanced Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Metal-based nanoparticles (M-NPs) have attracted great attention in nanomedicine due to their capacity to amplify and improve the tumor targeting of medical beams. However, their simple, efficient, high-yield and reproducible production remains a challenge. Currently, M-NPs are mainly synthesized by chemical methods or radiolysis using toxic reactants.

Persistent organic pollutants in Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii in Playa Rancho Nuevo Sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Persistent organic pollutants (POP) are toxic substances for wildlife and people. The Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii is an endangered species with limited distribution in the Gulf of Mexico (GM), a marine ecosystem that has been perturbed by a variety of anthropogenic activities. In this work, the concentrations of ten organochlorine pesticides (OP), eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and atrazine were determined in the plasma of Kemp's Ridley sea turtles that nest in Playa Rancho Nuevo Sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Decreased levels and activity of Sirt1 are modulated by increased miR-34a expression in adipose tissue mononuclear cells from subjects with overweight and obesity: A pilot study.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for chronic disorders. Fat accumulation is one of the central manifestations; it occurs via a complex mechanism where multiple metabolic signals converge. Sirtuins are an enzyme family with deacetylase functions that are implicated in the regulation of several genes.

Dental pain and associated factors in Mexican adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the prevalence of dental pain in Mexican adolescents and young adults.

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which data from 638 Mexican subjects, 16-25 years of age, who were randomly selected from college applicants, were analysed. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic, economic and behavioural variables.

COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparate Health Impact on the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 we now refer to as COVID-19. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 12 March 2020. In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed preexisting social and health disparities among several historically vulnerable populations, with stark differences in the proportion of minority individuals diagnosed with and dying from COVID-19.

Identification of profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath by means of an electronic nose as a proposal for a screening method for breast cancer: a case-control study.

The objective of the present study was to identify volatile prints from exhaled breath, termed breath-print, from breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy women by means of an electronic nose and to evaluate its potential use as a screening method. A cross-sectional study was performed on 443 exhaled breath samples from women, of whom 262 had been diagnosed with BC by biopsy and 181 were healthy women (control group). Breath-print analysis was performed utilizing the Cyranose 320 electronic nose.

Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Mexican patients with lupus nephritis.

Background: Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an effective oral immunosuppressive drug used to treat lupus nephritis (LN), which exhibits large pharmacokinetic variability. This study aimed to characterize MPA pharmacokinetic behaviour in Mexican LN patients and to develop a population pharmacokinetic model which identified factors that influence MPA pharmacokinetic variability.

Methods: Blood samples from LN patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were collected pre dose and up to six hours post dose.

Dosing Recommendations Based on Population Pharmacokinetics of Lamotrigine in Mexican Adult Patients With Epilepsy.

Dose individualization is essential in epilepsy treatment, especially in antiepileptic drugs that present high interindividual variability such as lamotrigine. We aimed an observational study to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for quantitative evaluation of the factors that influence lamotrigine pharmacokinetics in Mexican adults with epilepsy. Patients on stable treatment with lamotrigine therapy were included, plasma concentrations were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography method and UGT2B7-161C > T polymorphism was determined.

The Effect of Pre-Annealing on the Evolution of the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum Processed by a Novel SPD Method.

A novel continuous process of severe plastic deformation (SPD) named continuous close die forging (CCDF) is presented. The CCDF process combines all favorite advances of multidirectional forging and other SPD methods, and it can be easily scaled up for industrial use. Keeping constant both the cross section and the length of the sample, the new method promotes a refinement of the microstructure.

β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans.

Background: Plasma cholesterol is one of the strongest risk factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and myocardial infarction. Human studies suggest that elevated plasma β-carotene is associated with reductions in circulating cholesterol and the risk of myocardial infarction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms as exacerbating factors of apical periodontitis.

Background: Two polymorphisms in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene have been associated with inflammatory diseases (-794 CATT5-8 and -173G>C); however, so far there are no reports of studies related to oral health.

Objectives: To genotype the -794 CATT5-8 and -173G>C MIF polymorphisms in Mexican patients with apical periodontitis as a genetic risk of exacerbation.

Material And Methods: The study involved 120 patients with apical periodontitis: 60 with a diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis (Group A) and 60 without previous episodes of exacerbation (Group B).

Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in adult kidney transplant patients under prednisone and tacrolimus regimen.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is typically used in combination with prednisone and tacrolimus to avoid graft rejection in kidney transplant patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in kidney transplant patients to investigate the influence of clinical and genetic covariates and to propose a dosage regimen based on the final model. Adult kidney transplant patients (>18 years old) receiving combination of MMF, prednisone and tacrolimus regimen were included.

Treatment of Nonmotor Symptoms Associated with Parkinson Disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is well recognized by its motor features of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and gait and balance difficulties. However, PD is also characterized by a myriad of nonmotor symptoms, which may occur even before motor symptoms, early in the course of disease, and throughout the advancing disease. These nonmotor symptoms span multiple different systems, invoke multiple different neurotransmitters, and require multiple strategies for treatment including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions and, often, multiple different disciplines.

Effect of dental restorative materials surface roughness on the in vitro biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

Purpose: To evaluate Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation over different restorative dental materials.

Methods: Using a bioreactor over 72 hours, four commercially available ceramics were evaluated: IPS E-max Press, IPS E-max CAD, Lava Ultimate CAD-CAM, Vita Enamic and two resin composites (SR Nexco Paste and Brilliant NG). The results were evaluated using atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy, the biofilm was stained and the arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) quantified.

Glass coatings to enhance the interfacial bond strength between veneering ceramic and zirconia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tensile bond strength (TBS) and shear bond strength (SBS) between a zirconia core and fluoroapatite-pressed ceramic after the application of glass 46SP6 and AP40 via the ISO-17095:2013 methodology. Sintered zirconia beams (n = 120) were divided into four groups: (a) control: no treatment; (b) ZirL: IPS-E max ceram ZirLiner coating; (c) glass AP40 coating; and (d) glass 46SP6 coating. A fluoroapatite ceramic (IPS e.

Ecological study on needs and cost of treatment for dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6, 12, and 15 years: Data from a national survey in Mexico.

To determine the treatment needs and the care index for dental caries in the primary dentition and permanent dentition of schoolchildren and to quantify the cost of care that would represent the treatment of dental caries in Mexico.A secondary analysis of data from the First National Caries Survey was conducted, which was a cross-sectional study conducted in the 32 states of Mexico. Based on dmft (average number of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth in the primary dentition) and DMFT (average number of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth in permanent dentition) information, a treatment needs index (TNI) and a caries care index (CI) were calculated.

Hierarchy of the main factors predicting the decision to go to the doctor in a general population sample: A factorial survey design.

Objective: To obtain a hierarchy of the main factors that predict the decision to go to the doctor when symptoms are not yet linked to a specific disease.

Method: 64 representative vignettes, combinations of nine factors, were presented to 168 adults between 28-60 years of age.

Results: Multilevel multiple regression models were used to rank the main factors predicting urgency to see a doctor in order of importance: the interference of symptoms in daily activities (B = -1.

The triglyceride and glucose index is a useful biomarker to recognize glucose disorders in apparently healthy children and adolescents.

It has been suggested that the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is an early indicator for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the TyG index is useful in the screening of glucose disorders (GD) in apparently healthy children and adolescents. Eligible participants were apparently healthy children and adolescents.