Patterns and predictors of statin therapy after ischemic stroke and TIA: insights from the LIPYDS multicenter study.

Background: Patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or TIA face an elevated cardiovascular risk, warranting intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Despite recommendations, adherence to guidelines is suboptimal, leading to frequent undertreatment. This study aims to evaluate the statin use after IS and TIA.

Off-Label Use of Anakinra in Inflammatory Conditions in Neonates and Infants Up to 3 Months of Age: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.

Background: Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Since IL-1 has been shown to play a key role in the etiology of different autoinflammatory diseases, blocking its pathway has become an important therapeutic target, even in neonates.

Aims: We aimed to report our experience in using anakinra to treat specific neonatal inflammatory conditions.

Determinants of Prolonged Hospitalization in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Ensuring an appropriate length of stay (LOS) is a primary goal for hospitals, as prolonged LOS poses clinical risks and organizational challenges. Children and adolescents are particularly susceptible to prolonged LOS due to frequent hospitalizations and unique vulnerabilities, including developmental disabilities that may necessitate additional care and monitoring. This study aims to describe the LOS of children and adolescent patients and identify the sociodemographic, organizational, clinical, and nursing care factors contributing to prolonged LOS in this population.

Identifying Cladribine prescription pattern in MS: an Italian multicentre study.

Background: Characterizing Cladribine tablets prescription pattern in daily clinical practice is crucial for optimizing multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment.

Objectives: To describe efficacy, safety profile and new disease-modifying therapy (DMT) prescriptions following Cladribine treatment.

Design: Independent retrospective cohort study in patients followed at six Italian MS centres.

Gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease: understanding molecular pathways and potential therapeutic perspectives.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression. This narrative review explores the complex interplay between GM, the immune system, and the central nervous system in AD. We discuss mechanisms through which GM dysbiosis can compromise intestinal barrier integrity, enabling pro-inflammatory molecules and metabolites to enter systemic circulation and the brain, potentially contributing to AD hallmarks.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for patients undergoing radical cystectomy: Surgeons' perspectives and recommendations ten years after its implementation.

Background And Objectives: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines for Radical Cystectomy (RC) were published over ten years ago. Aim of this systematic review is to update ERAS recommendations for patients undergoing RC and to give an expert opinion on the relevance of each single ERAS item.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify the impact of each single ERAS item on RC outcomes.

Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Framework of mHSPC and nmCRPC: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Project of the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO).

The recent evidences provided in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC) and in nonmetastatic castration resistant (nmCRPC) introduced the possibility to adopt Androgen Receptor Signaling inhibitor (ARSi) alone (both settings) or with chemotherapy (in mHSPC). In daily clinical practice there are some opening questions regarding the inclusion of next generation imaging, mainly PSMA-PET, how integrate local treatment as radiotherapy, how to select patients or drugs in a multiple-choice scenario, and how to manage patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy. These issues led the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO) to develop a consensus project involving all of the most important Italian scientific societies engaged in the multidisciplinary and multiprofessional management of the disease.

High Sensitivity of Fine-Needle Aspiration Calcitonin in Detecting Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Is Independent of Predefined Decisional Thresholds.

The measurement of Calcitonin (Ctn) in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) washout fluids (FNA-Ctn) has demonstrated excellent sensitivity, significantly higher than FNA cytology, in detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, the absence of a fixed cutoff value for FNA-Ctn poses a limitation. This study aimed to investigate whether the sensitivity of FNA-Ctn in detecting MTC varies with different cutoffs reported in the literature.

Enhancing Corneal Sensitivity in Diabetic Patients Through an Innovative Ophthalmic Solution: In Vivo and Vitro Results.

: Diabetes is a well-recognised factor inducing a plethora of corneal alterations ranging from dry eye to reduced corneal sensibility, epithelial defects, and reduced cicatrisation. This cohort study aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel ophthalmic solution combining cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CHA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and inositol (INS) in managing diabetes-induced corneal alterations. Specifically, it evaluated the solution's impact on the tear breakup time (TBUT), the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and corneal sensitivity after three months of treatment.

Characterization of Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cells Response to Bipolar Microsecond Electric Pulses Stimulation.

In the tissue regeneration field, stem cell transplantation represents a promising therapeutic strategy. To favor their implantation, proliferation and differentiation need to be controlled. Several studies have demonstrated that stem cell fate can be controlled by applying continuous electric field stimulation.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

CAR-T Therapy Beyond B-Cell Hematological Malignancies.

Despite the advances of CAR-T cells in certain hematological malignancies, mostly from B-cell derivations such as non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, a significant portion of other hematological and non-hematological pathologies can benefit from this innovative treatment, as the results of clinical studies are demonstrating. The clinical application of CAR-T in the setting of acute T-lymphoid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, solid tumors, autoimmune diseases and infections has encountered limitations that are different from those of hematological B-cell diseases. To overcome these restrictions, strategies based on different molecular engineering platforms have been devised and will be illustrated below.

The baked side: Cow's milk and egg protein threshold dose distributions in children reacting to baked milk and baked egg.

Background: Children allergic to milk and egg, but tolerant to baked products, display higher reactivity thresholds than the general population of children allergic to milk and egg. We sought to verify the reactivity thresholds of milk- and egg-allergic children who also react to baked milk and baked egg, respectively.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed consecutive oral food challenge (OFC) for baked milk and egg between January 2018 and March 2022 in a population of baked milk- and baked-egg allergic children.

Pre-biologic FeNO might predict anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα response to treatment in severe asthmatics.

Objective: It remains unclear whether baseline FENO levels can predict response to anti-IL5/5R biologic treatment in patients with severe asthma.

Methods: We recruited 104 patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with anti-IL5/anti-IL5R for at least one year who had measured FeNO values before the beginning of anti-eosinophilic treatment. Population was divided into subjects with FeNO < 25 and ≥25 ppb.

Outcomes and prognostic indicators in daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter real-world study of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in 247 patients.

Background: Daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma (Dara-R MM) presents a significant treatment challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and survival outcomes of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (EloPd) in a large, real-world cohort of patients with Dara-R MM, with particular focus on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 247 Dara-R MM patients treated with EloPd.

Extended clinical phenotypes and treatment modalities in 32 JAGN1-deficient patients. A multicenter study by EBMT IEWP.

JAGN1 (Jagunal-homolog1) is a ER-resident transmembrane protein which is part of the early secretory pathway and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor mediated signaling. Autosomal recessively inherited variants in the JAGN1 gene lead to congenital neutropenia, early-onset bacterial infections, aphthosis and skin abscesses due to aberrant differentiation and maturation of neutrophils. In addition, bone metabolism disorders and a syndromic phenotype, including facial features, short stature and neurodevelopmental delay, have been reported in affected patients.

Implementing proximity care for people with multiple sclerosis in Italy: the bottom-up approach of the StayHome project.

Objective: In Italy, around 137,000 people live with multiple sclerosis, facing organizational complexities due to the current model's limited focus on proximity care. This project aims to define a proximity model, in accordance with recent developments in the Italian healthcare landscape, engaging over 150 healthcare stakeholders and potentially impacting approximately 14,000 patients.

Methods: An analysis was pursued to map the multiple sclerosis pathway, followed by interviews to capture the actual implementation in Italian Multiple Sclerosis Centers.

Safety of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Administration in Children With Immunodeficiency and/or Comorbidities With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Clinical Report.

Introduction: Despite the generally mild course of COVID-19 in children, immunocompromised patients may experience complications or severe infection. This study reports the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (N/R) for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We retrospectively reported the data of children with any immunodeficiency with COVID-19 who received N/R treatment between March 2022 and June 2023 at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital.

A fatal case of peritonitis due to colonic localization of acute myeloid leukemia.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary localization of immature granulocyte cells that can occur in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Gastrointestinal involvement is relatively common in MS, but exclusive colonic localization is a rare occurrence. Here, we report on a 53-year-old male patient affected by AML developing a severe abdominal pain caused by intestinal perforation requiring surgical intervention.

Monocytes across life span in hiv infection: lights and shadows.

Purpose Of Review: This review highlights the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, focusing on their involvement in the inflammatory response and their function as viral targets and long-term reservoirs.

Recent Findings: Monocytes have been categorized into three subsets: classical, intermediate, and nonclassical, each with distinct functional characteristics. Advances in genetic sequencing technologies have enabled a more in-depth exploration of the phenotypic and functional variations among these subsets, particularly in the context of HIV.

Effectiveness, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in routine clinical care in Italy: 12-Month results from the BICSTaR cohort.

Background: BICSTaR is a multi-national, observational cohort evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in treatment-naïve (TN) and -experienced (TE) people with HIV-1 receiving bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in routine clinical care. We present the 12-month (M12) outcomes of the Italian BICSTaR cohort.

Methods: Participants initiating B/F/TAF in routine care were prospectively followed.

Infrared Spectroscopic Electronic Noses: An Innovative Approach for Exhaled Breath Sensing.

Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, requiring the urgent development of innovative diagnostic tools for early detection. This study presents an integrated infrared spectroscopic electronic nose system, a novel device that combines infrared (IR) spectroscopy and electronic nose (eNose) concepts for analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. This system was calibrated using relevant gas mixtures and then tested during a feasibility study involving 26 gastric cancer patients and 32 healthy controls using chemometric analyses to distinguish between exhaled breath profiles.

Predictive Efficacy of Dual Therapies Combining Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors with Second-Generation Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Following HIV-1 Treatment Failure in Cameroon: Implications for the Use of a Long-Acting Therapeutic Strategy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Dual therapies (DT) combining integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) with second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2nd-Gen-NNRTIs) offer new possibilities for HIV treatment to improve adherence. However, drug resistance associated mutations (RAMs) to prior antiretrovirals may jeopardize the efficacy of DT. We herein describe the predicted efficacy of DT combining INSTIs + 2nd-Gen-NNRTI following treatment failure among Cameroonian patients.

Application of Microsponge Drug Platform to Enhance Methotrexate Administration in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Background/objectives: This study aimed to develop a novel nanotechnological slow-release drug delivery platform based on hyaluronic acid Microsponge (MSP) for the subcutaneous administration of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, while MTX is a common disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), the conventional use of which is limited by adverse effects and the lack of release control.

Methods: MSP were synthesized as freeze-dried powder to increase their stability and allow for a facile reconstitution prior to administration and precise MTX dosing.