Ketogenic Diet as Medical Prescription in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Purpose Of Review: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine dysfunction associated with a myriad of metabolic disorders and high rate of infertility. In order to aid its management, several lifestyle/dietary interventions have been evaluated. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is rapidly showing promising benefits not only in obesity but also in the treatment of other metabolic diseases.

Indications for Digital Monitoring of Patients With Multiple Nevi: Recommendations from the International Dermoscopy Society.

Introduction: In patients with multiple nevi, sequential imaging using total body skin photography (TBSP) coupled with digital dermoscopy (DD) documentation reduces unnecessary excisions and improves the early detection of melanoma. Correct patient selection is essential for optimizing the efficacy of this diagnostic approach.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to identify, via expert consensus, the best indications for TBSP and DD follow-up.

Mutual Regulation between Redox and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Cardiovascular and Renal Complications of Diabetes.

Oxidative stress and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate physiological and pathophysiological processes, being involved in the modulation of cell signaling, differentiation, and survival, but also in cyto- and genotoxic damage. As master regulators of glycolytic metabolism and oxygen homeostasis, HIFs have been largely studied for their role in cell survival in hypoxic conditions.

Impact of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on Changes in Handgrip Strength in Women with Obesity.

The preservation of muscle mass, which is positively associated with muscle strength, has been included among the benefits of ketogenic diets due to the synergistic effects exerted by the reduction in visceral adipose tissue and obesity-related pro-inflammatory status. The handgrip strength (HGS) test is widely used as a single indicator to represent overall muscle strength. The possible association of changes in HGS in patients with obesity during the consumption of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has not yet been investigated.

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease, the underlying cause of which is represented by mutations capable of influencing the metabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The distinguishing characteristic of FH has increased LDL cholesterol blood levels since birth, triggering early development of atherosclerosis-related diseases. Diagnosis of FH is frequently either missed or made with a considerable delay.

Regional Precuneus Cortical Hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Objective: Neuronal excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a potential cause of neuronal network malfunctioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to cognitive dysfunction. Here, we used a novel approach combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to probe cortical excitability in different brain areas known to be directly involved in AD pathology.

Methods: We performed TMS-EEG recordings targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), the left posterior parietal cortex (l-PPC), and the precuneus (PC) in a large sample of patients with mild-to-moderate AD (n = 65) that were compared with a group of age-matched healthy controls (n = 21).

Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: how to manage and exon 20 insertion mutation-positive disease.

exon 20 insertion mutations (Ex20ins) and 2 mutations characterize an oncogene-addicted subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) typically associated with a never or light smoking history, female sex, and adenocarcinoma histology. Nevertheless, Ex20ins-mutant and 2-mutant advanced NSCLCs are still difficult to treat for various reasons. First, there is a need for sophisticated diagnostic tools (e.

coMpliAnce with evideNce-based cliniCal guidelines in the managemenT of acute biliaRy pancreAtitis): The MANCTRA-1 international audit.

Background/objectives: Reports about the implementation of recommendations from acute pancreatitis guidelines are scant. This study aimed to evaluate, on a patient-data basis, the contemporary practice patterns of management of biliary acute pancreatitis and to compare these practices with the recommendations by the most updated guidelines.

Methods: All consecutive patients admitted to any of the 150 participating general surgery (GS), hepatopancreatobiliary surgery (HPB), internal medicine (IM) and gastroenterology (GA) departments with a diagnosis of biliary acute pancreatitis between 01/01/2019 and 31/12/2020 were included in the study.

Ways to improve breast cancer patients' management and clinical outcome: The 2020 Assisi Think Tank Meeting.

We report on the third Assisi Think Tank Meeting (ATTM) on breast cancer, a brainstorming project which involved European radiation and clinical oncologists who were dedicated to breast cancer research and treatment. Held on February 2020, the ATTM aimed at identifying key clinical questions in current clinical practice and "grey" areas requiring research to improve management and outcomes. Before the meeting, three key topics were selected: 1) managing patients with frailty due to either age and/or multi-morbidity; 2) stereotactic radiation therapy and systemic therapy in the management of oligometastatic disease; 3) contralateral breast tumour prevention in BCRA-mutated patients.

Genetic variation in modifies the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related cirrhosis: results from a genome-wide case-control study.

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis at an annual risk of up to 2.5%. Some host genetic risk factors have been identified but do not account for the majority of the variance in occurrence.

Decreased Frontal Gamma Activity in Alzheimer Disease Patients.

Objective: In Alzheimer disease (AD) animal models, synaptic dysfunction has recently been linked to a disorder of high-frequency neuronal activity. In patients, a clear relation between AD and oscillatory activity remains elusive. Here, we attempt to shed light on this relation by using a novel approach combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to probe oscillatory activity in specific hubs of the frontoparietal network in a sample of 60 mild-to-moderate AD patients.

Robotic oncologic colorectal surgery with a new robotic platform (CMR Versius): hope or hype? A preliminary experience from a full-robotic case-series.

Background: The present case-series describes the first full-robotic colorectal resections performed with the new CMR Versius platform (Cambridge Medical Robotics Surgical, 1 Evolution Business Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom) by an experienced robotic surgeon.

Methods: In a period between July 2020 and December 2020, patients aged 18 years or older, who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer and were fit for minimally invasive surgery, underwent robotic colorectal resection with CMR Versius robotic platform at "Casa di Cura Cobellis" in Vallo della Lucania,Salerno, Italy. Three right colectomies, 2 sigmoid colectomies and 1 anterior rectal resection were performed.

Salorno-Dos de la Forca (Adige Valley, Northern Italy): A unique cremation site of the Late Bronze Age.

The archaeological site of Salorno-Dos de la Forca (Bozen, Alto Adige) provides one of the rarest and most significant documentations of cremated human remains preserved from an ancient cremation platform (ustrinum). The pyre area, located along the upper Adige valley, is dated to the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1150-950 BCE) and has yielded an unprecedented quantity of cremated human remains (about 63.

Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Supplement Combined with Olfactory Training to Treat Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Impairment: A Multi-Center Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Olfactory training is the only evidence-based treatment for post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Smell disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been attributed to neuroinflammatory events within the olfactory bulb and the central nervous system. Therefore, targeting neuroinflammation is one potential strategy for promoting recovery from post-COVID-19 chronic olfactory dysfunction.

Efficacy and Safety of an Antioxidant-Enriched Medical Device for Topical Use in Adults with Eczematous Dermatitis.

Introduction: Emollients reduce the severity of dermatitis-associated symptoms. Antioxidant supplementation may be helpful to control inflammatory processes and consequential skin damage. The clinical performance and safety of an emollient medical device for topical treatment enriched with antioxidant ingredients in adults with mild-to-moderate dermatitis is presented in this manuscript.

Left External Iliac Vein Injury During Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer: Our Experience and Review of Literature.

Laparoscopic surgical staging is the standard treatment of early-stage ovarian tumors with similar survival outcomes if compared with laparotomic procedures. In this article, we report a case regarding an incidental external iliac vein injury during a pelvic lymphadenectomy for fertility sparing treatment of early-stage ovarian cancer with a video showing the laparoscopic repair without any consequence or side effect. A 36 year-old obese woman with Body Mass Index 30 kg/m referred at our hospital with an histological diagnosis of high grade ovarian serous carcinoma after a left laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy performed in another hospital.

Food-Related Carbonyl Stress in Cardiometabolic and Cancer Risk Linked to Unhealthy Modern Diet.

Carbonyl stress is a condition characterized by an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) that leads to accumulation of their irreversible covalent adducts with biological molecules. RCS are generated by the oxidative cleavage and cellular metabolism of lipids and sugars. In addition to causing damage directly, the RCS adducts, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs), cause additional harm by eliciting chronic inflammation through receptor-mediated mechanisms.

Eradication of Isolated Para-Aortic Nodal Recurrence in a Patient with an Advanced High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Our Experience and Review of Literature.

We report a case report regarding the eradication of isolated lymph-nodal para-aortic recurrence in the aortic region down the left renal vein (LRV) in a patient treated two years earlier in another hospital for a FIGO stage IC2 high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with a video showing the para-aortic space after eradication of the metastatic tissue. A 66 year-old woman was admitted 24 months after the initial surgical procedure for an increased Ca 125 level and CT scan that revealed a 3 cm para-aortic infrarenal lymph-nodal recurrence that was confirmed by PET/CT scan. A secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) with a para-aortic lymph-nodal dissection of the tissue down the LRV and radical omentectomy were performed: during the cytoreduction, the right hemicolon was mobilized.

Olfactory Dysfunction, Headache, and Mental Clouding in Adults with Long-COVID-19: What Is the Link between Cognition and Olfaction? A Cross-Sectional Study.

Smell alteration and cognitive impairment are common features of the Long-COVID Syndrome. Mental clouding, often described as brain fog, might affect smell by altering recollection of odors or through a share mechanism of neuroinflammation. We investigated mental clouding, headache, and cognitive function in adult patients with persistent COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.

Lack of Association of Group A Streptococcal Infections and Onset of Tics: European Multicenter Tics in Children Study.

Background And Objectives: The goal of this work was to investigate the association between group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and tic incidence among unaffected children with a family history of chronic tic disorders (CTDs).

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, children with no history for tics who were 3 to 10 years of age with a first-degree relative with a CTD were recruited from the European Multicentre Tics in Children Study (EMTICS) across 16 European centers. Presence of GAS infection was assessed with throat swabs, serum anti-streptolysin O titers, and anti-DNAse titers blinded to clinical status.

Adolescent Positivity and Future Orientation, Parental Psychological Control, and Young Adult Internalising Behaviours during COVID-19 in Nine Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many young adults' lives educationally, economically, and personally. This study investigated associations between COVID-19-related disruption and perception of increases in internalising symptoms among young adults and whether these associations were moderated by earlier measures of adolescent positivity and future orientation and parental psychological control. Participants included 1329 adolescents at Time 1, and 810 of those participants as young adults ( age = 20, 50.

EAES rapid guideline: systematic review, network meta-analysis, CINeMA and GRADE assessment, and European consensus on bariatric surgery-extension 2022.

Background: The European Association for Endoscopic Surgery Bariatric Guidelines Group identified a gap in bariatric surgery recommendations with a structured, contextualized consideration of multiple bariatric interventions.

Objective: To provide evidence-informed, transparent and trustworthy recommendations on the use of sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, gastric plication, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, one anastomosis gastric bypass, and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy in patients with severe obesity and metabolic diseases. Only laparoscopic procedures in adults were considered.