Molecular insights into trauma: A framework of epigenetic pathways to resilience through intervention.

Experiences of complex trauma and adversity, especially for children, are ongoing global crises necessitating adaptation. Bioadaptability to adversity and its health consequences emphasizes the dynamism of adaptation to trauma and the potential for research to inform intervention strategies. Epigenetic variability, particularly DNA methylation, associates with chronic adversity while allowing for resilience and adaptability.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a GHSR blocker in people with alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUNDStudies have demonstrated the role of ghrelin in alcohol-related behaviors and consumption. Blockade of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which is the ghrelin receptor, has been shown to decrease alcohol drinking and reward-related behaviors across several animal models. We previously conducted a human study testing a GHSR inverse agonist/competitive antagonist, PF-5190457, in individuals who are heavy drinkers and showed its safety when coadministered with alcohol.

Medications for opioid use disorders among incarcerated persons and those in the community supervision setting: exploration of implementation issues with key stakeholders.

Introduction: Receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) critically reduces opioid-related mortality during the post-incarceration period. Optimal provision of this care to individuals on community supervision (i.e.

Racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among Asian Americans: moderating effects of colorblind racial attitude and nativity.

Objectives: Anti-Asian American racism has negatively impacted Asian Americans' mental health. This study investigated how colorblind racial ideology moderates the relationship between COVID-19 racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among Asian Americans.

Design: Data come from an online survey conducted among 794 Asian Americans.

How school and community supports influence psychosocial outcomes of children experiencing emotional maltreatment.

Background: Research has shown that experiences of emotional maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and neglect) can compromise children's development.

Prospective relationships between positive emotion dysregulation and borderline personality disorder features among women experiencing intimate partner violence.

Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there is a dearth of literature examining the association between the dysregulation of positive emotions and BPD. The present study assesses the reciprocal and longitudinal associations between positive emotion dysregulation and BPD features.

Effect of Early-Life Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement and Home Environment on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation at 9-11 Years: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nutrition and the home environment contribute to the development of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, no study has examined the long-term effects of prenatal and postnatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and home environment on ANS regulation. We investigated the effect of early-life SQ-LNS and home environment on ANS regulation at 9-11 years.

The bidirectional relationship between subjective visual function and domain-specific cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults and adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Subjective visual impairment (VI) is related to cognition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The utility of subjective VI as an indicator for domain-specific cognitive impairment is unknown.

Methods: We used the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25 item) and a neuropsychological battery to assess the relationship between subjective VI and domain-specific cognitive performance in CU older adults ( = 58) and MCI patients ( = 16).

Spinal microcircuits go through multiphasic homeostatic compensations in a mouse model of motoneuron degeneration.

In many neurological conditions, early-stage neural circuit adaptation preserves relatively normal behavior. In some diseases, spinal motoneurons progressively degenerate yet movement remains initially preserved. This study investigates whether these neurons and associated microcircuits adapt in a mouse model of progressive motoneuron degeneration.

Array of metabolic pathways in a kleptoplastidic foraminiferan protist supports chemoautotrophy in dark, euxinic seafloor sediments.

Investigations of the metabolic capabilities of anaerobic protists advances our understanding of the evolution of eukaryotic life on Earth and for uncovering analogous extraterrestrial complex microbial life. Certain species of foraminiferan protists live in environments analogous to early Earth conditions when eukaryotes evolved, including sulfidic, anoxic, and hypoxic sediment porewaters. Foraminifera are known to form symbioses as well as to harbor organelles from other eukaryotes (chloroplasts), possibly bolstering the host's independence from oxygen.

Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

There is a high incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Ethiopia and folate insufficiency, a primary risk factor for NTDs, is common among Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA). Folic acid fortification of salt has been proposed as a strategy to control these problems. In preparation for an intervention trial to assess the nutritional effects of folic acid-fortified salt, we measured discretionary salt intakes among nonpregnant WRA using observed weighed food records, and we assessed household salt disappearance rates.

Depression is associated with lower diet quality in both pre- and post-menopausal U.S. women: NHANES 2007-2018.

Depression has been associated with adverse diet-related outcomes and women are particularly vulnerable to depression around the menopause transition. Therefore, we hypothesized that depression and postmenopausal status would be associated with lower diet quality, and that depression would be associated with lower diet quality in both pre- and post-menopausal women, but that the association would be stronger in postmenopausal women. Data from 5,634 nonpregnant women age > 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2018 were analyzed.

An alternate route for cellulose microfibril biosynthesis in plants.

Similar to cellulose synthases (CESAs), cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) proteins synthesize β-1,4-glucan in plants. CSLDs are important for tip growth and cytokinesis, but it was unknown whether they form membrane complexes in vivo or produce microfibrillar cellulose. We produced viable CESA-deficient mutants of the moss to investigate CSLD function without interfering CESA activity.

The role of a quadratic term in estimating the average treatment effect from longitudinal randomized controlled trials with missing data.

Longitudinal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been commonly used in psychological studies to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment or intervention strategies. Outcomes in longitudinal RCTs may follow either straight-line or curvilinear change trajectories over time, and missing data are almost inevitable in such trials. The current study aims to investigate (a) whether the estimate of average treatment effect (ATE) would be biased if a straight-line growth (SLG) model is fit to longitudinal RCT data with quadratic growth and missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR) data, and (b) whether adding a quadratic term to an SLG model would improve the ATE estimation and inference.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups.

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.

Rapid and efficient in planta genome editing in sorghum using foxtail mosaic virus-mediated sgRNA delivery.

The requirement of in vitro tissue culture for the delivery of gene editing reagents limits the application of gene editing to commercially relevant varieties of many crop species. To overcome this bottleneck, plant RNA viruses have been deployed as versatile tools for in planta delivery of recombinant RNA. Viral delivery of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to transgenic plants that stably express CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease has been successfully used for targeted mutagenesis in several dicotyledonous and few monocotyledonous plants.

Cytotoxicity of natural and synthetic cannabinoids and their synergistic antiproliferative effects with cisplatin in human ovarian cancer cells.

Introduction: Cannabinoids are reported to suppress the growth of ovarian cancer cells, but it is unclear whether structural modifications can improve their cytotoxic effects.

Methods: Herein, an investigation into the antiproliferative effects of natural cannabinoids on human ovarian cancer Caov-3 cells identified cannabidiol (CBD) as the most promising cannabinoid. Furthermore, chemical modifications of CBD yielded a group of derivatives with enhanced cytotoxicity in Caov-3 cells.

Hope and Expanding Consciousness: Adolescents and Young Adults With Advanced Cancer.

Adolescents and young adults living with advanced cancer must often discover new rules for living during cancer treatment. Such experiences may lead them to emerge to higher levels of consciousness and find personal meaning in these experiences. Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness was this qualitative research study's framework examining hope's role for adolescents and young adults living with advanced cancer.

A conceptual framework for assessing implementation strategy integrity.

Background: The outcomes of planned implementation efforts have been mixed, with some applications failing to achieve the desired change or impact. While reasons for mixed findings in implementation research are multifaceted (e.g.

Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Solutions of Semiflexible Ring Polymers.

We use hybrid molecular dynamics-multiparticle collision dynamics (MD-MPCD) simulations to investigate the influence of chain stiffness on the transport of nanoparticles (NPs) through solutions of semiflexible ring polymers. The NPs exhibit subdiffusive dynamics on short time scales before transitioning to normal diffusion at longer times. The terminal NP diffusivity decreases with increasing ring stiffness, similar to the behavior observed in solutions of semiflexible linear chains.