Predicting Malaria Transmission Dynamics in Dangassa, Mali: A Novel Approach Using Functional Generalized Additive Models.

Mali aims to reach the pre-elimination stage of malaria by the next decade. This study used functional regression models to predict the incidence of malaria as a function of past meteorological patterns to better prevent and to act proactively against impending malaria outbreaks. All data were collected over a five-year period (2012-2017) from 1400 persons who sought treatment at Dangassa's community health center.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Malaria Incidence: A Comparison of Two Ecological Zones in Mali.

Malaria transmission largely depends on environmental, climatic, and hydrological conditions. In Mali, malaria epidemiological patterns are nested within three ecological zones. This study aimed at assessing the relationship between those conditions and the incidence of malaria in Dangassa and Koila, Mali.

Hypertension Canada's 2020 Comprehensive Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children.

Hypertension Canada's 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children provide comprehensive, evidence-based guidance for health care professionals and patients. Hypertension Canada develops the guidelines using rigourous methodology, carefully mitigating the risk of bias in our process. All draft recommendations undergo critical review by expert methodologists without conflict to ensure quality.

Copper‑containing amine oxidase purified from Lathyrus sativus as a modulator of human neutrophil functions.

Over the last few decades, copper‑containing amine oxidase (Cu‑AO) from vegetal sources, and belonging to the class of diamine oxidase, has been documented to exhibit beneficial effects in both in vivo and ex vivo animal models of inflammatory or allergic conditions, including asthma‑like reaction and myocardial or intestinal ischemia‑reperfusion injuries. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of vegetal Cu‑AO as an anti‑inflammatory and an antiallergic agent and to clarify its antioxidant properties. In cell‑free systems, the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species scavenging properties of Cu‑AO that is purified from Lathyrus sativus were investigated.

Asthma and COPD patients' perceived link between health literacy core domains and self-management of their condition.

Objective: Health literacy (HL) is a person's ability to practically apply a wide range of cognitive and non-cognitive skills, to make health-related decisions. Currently, no tool applies all HL core domains to capture necessary data to measures HL in adult asthma and COPD patients. We endeavored to develop a comprehensive, function-based tool that adequately and accurately measures HL skills of this patient population.

A high-fat diet enriched in medium chain triglycerides triggers hepatic thermogenesis and improves metabolic health in lean and obese mice.

Obesity, liver steatosis and type 2 diabetes are major diseases partly imputed to energy-dense diets rich in long chain triglycerides (LCT). The search for bioactive nutrients that help to overcome metabolic diseases is a growing field. In this regard, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) were shown to promote lipid catabolism and to stimulate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Cannabinoids and inflammation: implications for people living with HIV.

: Thanks to the success of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have life expectancies which approach that of persons in the general population. However, despite the ability of ART to suppress viral replication, PLWH have high levels of chronic systemic inflammation which drives the development of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and non-AIDS associated malignancies. Historically, cannabis has played an important role in alleviating many symptoms experienced by persons with advanced HIV infection in the pre-ART era and continues to be used by many PLWH in the ART era, though for different reasons.

Behavioural interventions targeting physical activity improve psychocognitive outcomes in COPD.

This study explored the impact of a self-management behaviour modification (SMBM) programme with/without bronchodilators and with/without exercise training (ExT) to improve daily physical activity on psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD patients as a secondary analysis of the PHYSACTO trial. A 12-week, four-group, randomised, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of SMBM in addition to tiotropium 5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg plus ExT, or placebo was conducted in 304 patients. Outcomes included anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-A), depression (HADS-D and Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)).

Cannabis Consumption in People Living with HIV: Reasons for Use, Secondary Effects, and Opportunities for Health Education.

Rates of cannabis consumption range from 40% to 74% among people living with HIV (PLWH). Little is known about the reasons for cannabis use, related modes of administration, effectiveness for symptom relief, or undesirable effects in the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Our aim was to conduct an exploratory study to identify potential areas for further evaluation and intervention.

Comparison of methane emissions among invasive and native mangrove species in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island.

The strength of methane (CH) source of mangroves is not well understood, especially when including all CH pathways in consideration. This study measured CH fluxes by five pathways (sediments, pneumatophores, water surface, leaves, and stems) from four typical mangrove forests, including Kandelia candel without pneumatophores and three species with pneumatophores: Sonneratia apetala, Laguncularia racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorhiza-Bruguiera sexangula. The CH fluxes from sediments were 4.

A Bayesian multivariate latent t-regression model for assessing the association between corticosteroid and cranial radiation exposures and cardiometabolic complications in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a PETALE study.

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer. Over the past decades, treatment of cALL has significantly improved, with cure rates close to 90%. However intensive chemotherapy and cranial radiotherapy (CRT) during a critical period of a child's development have been shown to lead to significant long-term side effects including cardiometabolic complications.

Association Between Depression, Lung Function, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Asthma and Occupational Asthma.

Objective: Depression is associated with autonomic and immune dysregulation, yet this remains poorly explored in asthma. We assessed associations between depressive disorder, lung function, and inflammatory markers in patients under investigation for occupational asthma (OA).

Methods: One hundred twelve patients under investigation for OA (60% men) underwent a psychiatric interview to assess depressive disorder, and spirometry, a methacholine test, sputum induction, and specific inhalation challenge (SIC) to assess OA.

Correction to: Interventions to improve vaccine acceptance among rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review.

The original version of this article contained error. Table 1 was shown in the wrong version, thus corrected table is shown in this article.

Oral cannabinoids in people living with HIV on effective antiretroviral therapy: CTN PT028-study protocol for a pilot randomised trial to assess safety, tolerability and effect on immune activation.

Introduction: Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV have higher rates of non-infectious chronic diseases. These conditions are driven by relatively high levels of inflammation persisting on ART compared with uninfected individuals. Chronic inflammation also contributes to HIV persistence during ART.

Interventions to improve vaccine acceptance among rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review.

Introduction/objective: National guidelines emphasize the importance of annual immunization for patients living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but vaccination rates remain suboptimal in this population. Evaluating the efficacy of patient and/or provider-targeted interventions to improve vaccination uptake among RA patients could inform practice.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review (SR) to examine the efficacy of interventions (exposure) aiming to improve vaccination uptake in patients with RA (outcome).

Prevalence and predictors of airflow obstruction in an HIV tertiary care clinic in Montreal, Canada: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The reported prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) varies widely. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of airflow obstruction and COPD in unselected PLWHIV and identify characteristics that increase the risk of nonreversible airflow obstruction in order to guide case finding strategies for COPD.

Methods: All adults attending the Chronic Viral Illness Service were invited to participate in the study, regardless of smoking status or history of known COPD/asthma.

Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty.

Our understanding and quantification of global soil nitrous oxide (N O) emissions and the underlying processes remain largely uncertain. Here, we assessed the effects of multiple anthropogenic and natural factors, including nitrogen fertilizer (N) application, atmospheric N deposition, manure N application, land cover change, climate change, and rising atmospheric CO concentration, on global soil N O emissions for the period 1861-2016 using a standard simulation protocol with seven process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Results suggest global soil N O emissions have increased from 6.

HIV persistence in mucosal CD4+ T cells within the lungs of adults receiving long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The lungs were historically identified as one of the major anatomic sites for HIV replication in the pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, their contribution to HIV persistence in individuals under suppressive ART remains understudied.

Design: We assessed HIV persistence and comprehensively characterized pulmonary mucosal CD4 T cells in HIV-infected (HIV) individuals receiving long-term suppressive ART versus uninfected participants.

Data Gathering and Energy Transfer Dilemma in UAV-Assisted Flying Access Network for IoT.

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as an alternative solution to assist wireless networks, thanks to numerous advantages they offer in comparison to terrestrial fixed base stations. For instance, a UAV can be used to embed a flying base station providing an on-demand nomadic access to network services. A UAV can also be used to wirelessly recharge out-of-battery ground devices.

Hypertension Canada's 2018 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children.

Hypertension Canada provides annually updated, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. This year, the adult and pediatric guidelines are combined in one document. The new 2018 pregnancy-specific hypertension guidelines are published separately.

Specific expression of novel long non-coding RNAs in high-hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Pre-B cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B cALL) is a heterogeneous disease involving many subtypes typically stratified using a combination of cytogenetic and molecular-based assays. These methods, although widely used, rely on the presence of known chromosomal translocations, which is a limiting factor. There is therefore a need for robust, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarkers unaffected by such limitations that would allow better risk stratification and consequently better clinical outcome.

Prospective Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Employment Status and Health Care Use in Patients Investigated for Occupational Asthma.

Objective: We previously reported high rates (34%) of psychiatric disorders (PSY) in patients evaluated for occupational asthma (OA). We determined the impact of PSY on employment status and health care use 12 to 18 months later.

Methods: One hundred ninety-six patients underwent clinical and psychiatric interviews on the day of their OA evaluation.

Differential synthesis and release of IL-18 and IL-18 Binding Protein from human platelets and their implications for HIV infection.

IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family and is produced in the body from macrophages, epithelial and dendritic cells, keratinocytes, adrenal cortex etc. The cytokine is produced as an inactive precursor that is cleaved inside cells into its mature form by activated caspase 1, which exists as an inactive precursor in human cells and requires assembly of an inflammasomes for its activation. We show here for the first time that human platelets contain transcripts for the IL-18 gene.

Analysis of Enteric Neural Crest Cell Migration Using Heterotopic Grafts of Embryonic Guts.

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), also named aganglionic megacolon, is a severe congenital malformation characterized by a lack of enteric nervous system (ENS) in the terminal regions of the bowel (Bergeron , 2013). As the ENS notably regulates motility in the whole gastrointestinal track, the segment without neurons remains tonically contracted, resulting in functional intestinal obstruction and accumulation of fecal material (megacolon). HSCR occurs when enteric neural progenitors of vagal neural crest origin fail to fully colonize the developing intestines.