Training physicians in motivational communication: An integrated knowledge transfer study protocol.

Objective: While behavior change counseling (BCC) targeting health risk behaviors has shown efficacy for improving patient health outcomes, barriers to knowledge translation have resulted in poor uptake among health care providers (HCPs). This article outlines the development of a new BCC training framework for HCPs, from inception to readiness for efficacy testing. It provides an example of integrated knowledge translation (iKT) used in alignment with the obesity-related behavioral intervention trials model.

From Networking to Attitudinal Outcomes: Psychological Capital as a Mediator.

Building on conservation of resources (COR) theory and following recent recommendations, this study investigates the mediating role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in the relationships between networking behaviors and attitudinal outcomes (i.e., work engagement and work satisfaction).

Resistance training in women with myotonic dystrophy type 1: a multisystemic therapeutic avenue.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary disease characterized by muscular impairments. Fundamental and clinical positive effects of strength training have been reported in men with DM1, but its impact on women remains unknown. We evaluated the effects of a 12-week supervised strength training on physical and neuropsychiatric health.

Multi- and transgenerational effects of environmental chemicals on mollusks: An underexplored experimental design in aquatic (eco)toxicological studies.

(Eco)toxicological studies frequently evaluate the effects of chemicals in one life stage of organisms, but the use of these outcomes can only partially estimate populational effects. In this regard, multi- and/or transgenerational studies should be performed in order to provide information on contaminant effects in a populational functioning context. The present review aimed to summarize and critically evaluate the current knowledge regarding multi- and/or transgenerational effects of traditional and emerging environmental chemicals on mollusks.

A network meta-analysis of the association between patient traits and response to regular dosing with ICS plus short-acting β-agonist reliever or ICS/formoterol reliever only in mild asthma.

Introduction/background: Mild asthma treatment recommendations include intermittent inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol dosing or regular ICS dosing with short-acting β-agonist reliever. Due to the heterogeneity of asthma, identification of traits associated with improved outcomes to specific treatments would be clinically beneficial.

Aims/objectives: To assess the impact of patient traits on treatment outcomes of regular ICS dosing compared with intermittent ICS/formoterol dosing, a systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted.

Systematic literature review of traits and outcomes reported in randomised controlled trials of asthma with regular dosing of inhaled corticosteroids with short-acting β-agonist reliever, as-needed ICS/formoterol, or ICS/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy.

Introduction: Asthma treatments based solely on diagnostic label do not benefit patients equally. To identify patient traits that may be associated with improved treatment response to regular inhaled corticosteroid (ICSs) dosing with short-acting β-agonist reliever or ICS/formoterol-containing therapy, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted.

Methods: Searches of databases including MEDLINE and Embase identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with asthma, aged ≥12 years, published 1998-2022, containing ≥1 regular ICS dosing or ICS/formoterol-containing treatment arm, and reporting patient traits and outcomes of interest.

Microbial degradation and assimilation of veratric acid in oxic and anoxic groundwaters.

Microbial communities are key players in groundwater ecosystems. In this dark environment, heterotrophic microbes rely on biomass produced by the activity of lithoautotrophs or on the degradation of organic matter seeping from the surface. Most studies on bacterial diversity in groundwater habitats are based on 16S gene sequencing and full genome reconstructions showing potential metabolic pathways used in these habitats.

Asthma and Rhinitis Through the Lifespan of Nonpregnant Women.

Increasingly, clinical practice guidelines advocate a precision medicine-based approach to care for asthma. This focus requires knowledge of not only different asthma phenotypes and their associated biomarkers but also sex and gender differences through the lifespan. Evidence continues to build in favor of different lifetime prevalence, clinical presentations, responses to management, and long-term prognosis of asthma.

Deep Isolated Aquifer Brines Harbor Atypical Halophilic Microbial Communities in Quebec, Canada.

The deep terrestrial subsurface, hundreds of meters to kilometers below the surface, is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, dark and often anoxic settings, with fluctuating pH, salinity, and water availability. Despite this, microbial populations are detected and active, contributing to biogeochemical cycles over geological time. Because it is extremely difficult to access the deep biosphere, little is known about the identity and metabolisms of these communities, although they likely possess unknown pathways and might interfere with deep waste deposits.

A network meta-analysis of the association between patient traits and response to regular dosing with ICS/long-acting β-agonist plus short-acting β agonist reliever or maintenance and reliever therapy for asthma.

Introduction: Current treatment for moderate-severe asthma with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-based therapy can follow two strategies: a single inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) regimen, or regular dosing with ICS/long-acting β-agonist used as maintenance therapy plus a separate short acting β-agonist reliever inhaler. It would be clinically useful to understand the potential of patient traits to influence regular dosing or MART treatment outcomes.

Objectives: A systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis was conducted to identify specific patient traits that may predict improved clinical outcomes with regular dosing or MART.

Linking Groundwater to Surface Discharge Ecosystems: Archaeal, Bacterial, and Eukaryotic Community Diversity and Structure in Quebec (Canada).

Aquifer systems are composed of water flowing from surface recharge areas, to the subsurface and back to the surface in discharge regions. Groundwater habitats harbor a large microbial biomass and diversity, potentially contributing to surface aquatic ecosystems. Although this contribution has been widely studied in marine environments, very little is known about the connection between underground and surface microbial communities in freshwater settings.

Methods to assess ambivalence towards food and diet: a scoping review.

Background: Ambivalence towards food and diet, which favours behavioural inertia, might be a barrier to adopting healthier eating behaviours. Measuring it can help researchers to better understand its relationship with behaviour change and design interventions aimed at resolving it. In this scoping review, we map and describe methods and tools employed in studies to assess, measure or classify the ambivalence of participants towards food- and diet-related attitude objects.

Prevalence and Motivators of Getting a COVID-19 Booster Vaccine in Canada: Results from the iCARE Study.

Studies have shown that the protection afforded by COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalization and death decreases slowly over time due to the emergence of new variants and waning immunity. Accordingly, booster doses remain critical to minimizing the health impacts of the pandemic. This study examined the prevalence rate, sociodemographic determinants, and motivators of getting a COVID-19 booster vaccine within the Canadian population.

Exploring barriers and enablers to the delivery of Making Every Contact Count brief behavioural interventions in Ireland: A cross-sectional survey study.

Objectives: The public health impact of the Irish Making Every Contact Count (MECC) brief intervention programme is dependent on delivery by health care professionals. We aimed to identify enablers and modifiable barriers to MECC intervention delivery to optimize MECC implementation.

Design: Online cross-sectional survey design.

Addressing sex and gender to improve asthma management.

Sex (whether one is 'male' or 'female', based on biological characteristics) and gender (defined by socially constructed roles and behaviors) influence asthma diagnosis and management. For example, women generally report more severe asthma symptoms than men; men and women are exposed to different asthma-causing triggers; men tend to be more physically active than women. Furthermore, implicit, often unintended gender bias by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is widespread, and may result in delayed asthma diagnosis, which can be greater in women than men.

Sex and Gender Impact Mental and Emotional Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Countries Experience.

The COVID-19 pandemic influences mental health drastically. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether biological sex and gender-related factors are associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation Study is an international multiwave cross-sectional observational cohort study of public awareness, attitudes, and responses to public health policies (www.

The Factor Structure and Stability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in a Population Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Depression is a multifaceted psychiatric condition that has been associated with suboptimal weight loss following bariatric surgery. Previous variations of Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) subscales been proposed, including those identified within bariatric populations; however, it is unclear whether the BDI-II items contained within these subscales would remain consistent after the procedure considering the physical and lifestyle changes that occur following bariatric surgery.

Materials And Methods: A two-step analytic approach that comprised of exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) that aimed to identify a stable factor structure using pre- and 6-month post-surgical BDI-II responses.

Ending the Pandemic: How Behavioural Science Can Help Optimize Global COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake.

Governments, public health officials and pharmaceutical companies have all mobilized resources to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns, social distancing, and personal protective behaviours have been helpful but have shut down economies and disrupted normal activities. Vaccinations protect populations from COVID-19 and allow a return to pre-pandemic ways of living.

Methods to assess ambivalence toward food and diet: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This scoping review aims to identify and understand the different tools and methods used in studies in the field of human eating behavior to assess, measure, or classify participants' ambivalence toward food and diet, as well as to identify which tools and methods are most frequently employed.

Introduction: People's attitudes toward food and eating behaviors are often ambivalent (simultaneously positive and negative), making it harder to change eating behaviors in favor of a healthier diet. This highlights the importance of resolving diet-related ambivalence.

Global Trends and Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: Findings from the iCARE Study.

The success of large-scale COVID-19 vaccination campaigns is contingent upon people being willing to receive the vaccine. Our study explored COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its correlates in eight different countries around the globe. We analyzed convenience sample data collected between March 2020 and January 2021 as part of the iCARE cross-sectional study.

Vulnerability of maize, millet, and rice yields to growing season precipitation and socio-economic proxies in Cameroon.

In sub-Saharan Africa growing season precipitation is affected by climate change. Due to this, in Cameroon, it is uncertain how some crops are vulnerable to growing season precipitation. Here, an assessment of the vulnerability of maize, millet, and rice to growing season precipitation is carried out at a national scale and validated at four sub-national scales/sites.

HIV-Infected Macrophages Are Infected and Killed by the Interferon-Sensitive Rhabdovirus MG1.

The use of unique cell surface markers to target and eradicate HIV-infected cells has been a longstanding objective of HIV-1 cure research. This approach, however, overlooks the possibility that intracellular changes present within HIV-infected cells may serve as valuable therapeutic targets. For example, the identification of dysregulated antiviral signaling in cancer has led to the characterization of oncolytic viruses capable of preferentially killing cancer cells.

The effect of malaria on stunting: an instrumental variables approach.

Background: Previous studies have found mixed evidence for an effect of malaria on stunting, but have suffered from concerns about confounding and/or power. Currently, an effect of malaria on stunting is not included in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) model.

Methods: We used instrumental variables regression with the sickle cell trait and random assignment to bednets as instruments in the analysis of data on children aged 0-2 y from a bednet trial in western Kenya.

Impact of extended-release niacin on immune activation in HIV-infected immunological non-responders on effective antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Tryptophan (Trp) catabolism into immunosuppressive kynurenine (Kyn) is involved in immune dysregulation during HIV infection. Niacin (vitamin B3) could control the excess of tryptophan depletion and represents a potential strategy to improve immune functions and CD4 count recovery in immunological non-responder HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: In the CTN PT006 phase 2 pilot randomized trial, 20 adults on ART with CD4 ≤ 350 cells/µl, despite an undetectable viral load (VL) for at least 3 months, received 2000 mg of extended-release (ER)-niacin orally once daily for 24 weeks.