To What Extent Can Digital Health Technologies Comply With the Principles of Responsible Innovation? Practice-and Policy-Oriented Research Insights Regarding an Organisational and Systemic Issue.

Background: Digital health technologies (DHTs) have expanded exponentially since the COVID-19 crisis and have prompted questions about their impact across all levels of health systems. Because health organisations and systems play a central role in the success or failure of the transition to more equitable and sustainable societies, the concept of Responsible Innovation in Health (RIH), focused on aligning the processes and outcomes of innovation with societal values, is gaining interest in research, policy, and practice. This study aims to explore enablers and constraints to the development, procurement and/or utilisation of responsible DHTs in health organisations.

Scoping Review Shows the Dynamics and Complexities Inherent to the Notion of "Responsibility" in Artificial Intelligence within the Healthcare Context.

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare presents a host of ethical, legal, social, and political challenges involving various stakeholders. These challenges prompt various studies proposing frameworks and guidelines to tackle these issues, emphasizing distinct phases of AI development, deployment, and oversight. As a result, the notion of responsible AI has become widespread, incorporating ethical principles such as transparency, fairness, responsibility, and privacy.

Perinatal morbidity among women with a previous caesarean delivery (PRISMA trial): a cluster-randomised trial.

Background: Women with a previous caesarean delivery face a difficult choice in their next pregnancy: planning another caesarean or attempting vaginal delivery, both of which are associated with potential maternal and perinatal complications. This trial aimed to assess whether a multifaceted intervention, which promoted person-centred decision making and best practices, would reduce the risk of major perinatal morbidity among women with one previous caesarean delivery.

Methods: We conducted an open, multicentre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial of a multifaceted 2-year intervention in 40 hospitals in Quebec among women with one previous caesarean delivery, in which hospitals were the units of randomisation and women the units of analysis.

The advocacy process in Canadian community health nursing: A collaborative ethnography.

Aims: To shed light on the process of advocacy in the context of community health nursing, through a methodology inspired by the epistemologies of the South.

Design: We conducted a collaborative ethnography in a community health centre in Canada.

Methods: de Sousa Santos' epistemologies of the South, a typology of advocacy and main themes from historic research informed the methodology.

The effect of paid parental leave on breastfeeding, parental health and behavior.

Little is known about the effects of paid parental leave (in particular fathers' quotas) on parental health and involvement. In this paper, we exploit a reform that took place in the Canadian province of Quebec to address that important topic. In 2006, Quebec opted out of the federal plan and established its own parental insurance plan, named the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP).

Vegetation browning: global drivers, impacts, and feedbacks.

As global climate conditions continue to change, disturbance regimes and environmental drivers will continue to shift, impacting global vegetation dynamics. Following a period of vegetation greening, there has been a progressive increase in remotely sensed vegetation browning globally. Given the many societal benefits that forests provide, it is critical that we understand vegetation dynamic alterations.

How Engaged in Legal Planning for Incapacity and Death Are Canadians? A Mixed-Methods Survey.

Background: This study aimed to measure the level of involvement of Canadians in preparing for incapacity and death and to explore facilitators and barriers.

Method: The authors used an online survey based on the social cognitive theory and the Stages of Change model.

Result: One-hundred and forty-eight participants took part.

Drought-induced increase in tree mortality and corresponding decrease in the carbon sink capacity of Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020.

Canada's boreal forests, which occupy approximately 30% of boreal forests worldwide, play an important role in the global carbon budget. However, there is little quantitative information available regarding the spatiotemporal changes in the drought-induced tree mortality of Canada's boreal forests overall and their associated impacts on biomass carbon dynamics. Here, we develop spatiotemporally explicit estimates of drought-induced tree mortality and corresponding biomass carbon sink capacity changes in Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020.

Views of Canadian healthcare professionals on the future uses of non-invasive prenatal testing: a mixed method study.

Non-invasive prenatal testing's (NIPT) potential to screen for a wide range of conditions is receiving growing attention. This study explores Canadian healthcare professionals' perceptions towards NIPT's current and possible future uses, including paternity testing, sex determination, and fetal whole genome sequencing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten healthcare professionals, and another 184 participated in a survey.

Attitudes and beliefs of older adults and caregivers towards deprescribing in French-speaking countries: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Successful deprescribing requires understanding the attitudes of older adults and caregivers towards this process. This study aimed to capture these attitudes in four French-speaking countries and to investigate associated factors.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted by administrating the French version of the revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire in Belgium, Canada, France, and Switzerland.

A fresh look at a tetrapodomorph fish (Sarcopterygii: Megalichthyidae) from the Carboniferous of Australia, illuminated via X-ray tomography.

Background: The megalichthyids are one of several clades of extinct tetrapodomorph fish that lived throughout the Devonian-Permian periods. They are advanced "osteolepidid-grade" fishes that lived in freshwater swamp and lake environments, with some taxa growing to very large sizes. They bear cosmine-covered bones and a large premaxillary tusk that lies lingually to a row of small teeth.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire in French.

Background: The revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire allows capture of the beliefs and attitudes of older adults and caregivers towards deprescribing.

Objectives: To translate and validate the rPATD questionnaire into French.

Methods: The French rPATD was translated using forward-backward translation.

Performance of a deep neural network at detecting North Atlantic right whale upcalls.

Passive acoustics provides a powerful tool for monitoring the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), but robust detection algorithms are needed to handle diverse and variable acoustic conditions and differences in recording techniques and equipment. This paper investigates the potential of deep neural networks (DNNs) for addressing this need. ResNet, an architecture commonly used for image recognition, was trained to recognize the time-frequency representation of the characteristic North Atlantic right whale upcall.

Holistic Environmental Approaches and Aichi Biodiversity Targets: accomplishments and perspectives for marine ecosystems.

In order to help safeguard biodiversity from global changes, the Conference of the Parties developed a Strategic Plan for Biodiversity for the period 2011-2020 that included a list of twenty specific objectives known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. With the end of that timeframe in sight, and despite major advancements in biodiversity conservation, evidence suggests that the majority of the Targets are unlikely to be met. This article is part of a series of perspective pieces from the 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity (May 2018, Montréal, Canada) to identify next steps towards successful biodiversity conservation in marine environments.

Perspectives of Quebec Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioners on Their Role and Challenges in Chronic Disease Management: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Primary health care nurse practitioners (PHCNPs) can play a key role in chronic disease management. However, little is known about the challenges they face.

Purpose: The study aimed to describe PHCNPs' perspectives on their role for patients with chronic health conditions, the barriers they face, and facilitating factors.

Polypharmacy Definitions for Multimorbid Older Adults Need Stronger Foundations to Guide Research, Clinical Practice and Public Health.

There are numerous definitions of polypharmacy to describe the use of many medications among older adults, but there is a need to clarify if they are purposive and meaningful. By means of a systematic review, we identified definitions of polypharmacy used in multimorbid older adults (≥65 years). We evaluated if the definitions align among the domains of research, clinical practice, and public health and appraised whether concepts of polypharmacy are based on strong foundations.

Elevated seawater temperature, not CO, negatively affects post-spawning adult mussels () under food limitation.

Pre-spawning blue mussels () appear sensitive to elevated temperature and robust to elevated CO; however, the effects of these stressors soon after investing energy into spawning remain unknown. Furthermore, while studies suggest that elevated CO affects the byssal attachment strength of from southern latitudes, CO and temperature impacts on the byssus strength of other species at higher latitudes remain undocumented. In a 90 day laboratory experiment, we exposed post-spawning adult blue mussels () from Atlantic Canada to three CO levels (CO ~625, 1295 and 2440 μatm) at two different temperatures (16°C and 22°C) and assessed energetic reserves on Day 90, byssal attachment strength on Days 30 and 60, and condition index and mortality on Days 30, 60 and 90.