Normative values for the Sensory Organization Test in an active duty military cohort.

Background: Computerized dynamic posturography is commonly used to assess balance in service members, but normative values for the military population have not been established.

Research Question: What are the normative values for the Motor Control Test (MCT), Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the enhanced SOT (eSOT) within the military population and at which point do they differ?

Methods: Cross-sectional study. 237 active duty service members (78 % male) completed the MCT, SOT and the eSOT with the sway manipulated at a gain of 1.

Feeding relations: applying Luhmann's operational theory to the food system.

Current, prevalent models of the food system, including complex-adaptive systems theories and commodity-as-relation thinking, have usefully analyzed the food system in terms of its elements and relationships, confronting persistent questions about a system's identity and leverage points for change. Here, inspired by Heldke's (Monist 101:247-260, 2018) analysis, we argue for another approach to the "system-ness" of food that carries those key questions forward. Drawing on Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, we propose a model of the food system defined by the relational process of feeding itself; that is, the food system is made of feeding and only feeding, and system structures are produced by the coupling of that process to its various contexts.

Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Stress Elevation and Synchrony in Pediatric Occupational Therapy Patient-Parent Dyads.

Importance: Populations already experiencing chronic stress, such as families with children who are neurologically atypical, are at particular risk for developing stress-related disease.

Objective: To establish feasibility of collecting salivary samples from pediatric occupational therapy patients and their parents in a clinical setting and at home and to examine associations among parental attachment style, parent self-reported stress, and physiological stress (i.e.

Teaching animal behavior online: A primer for the pandemic and beyond.

Behavior courses face numerous challenges when moving to an online environment, as has been made necessary by the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges occur largely because behavior courses, like most organismal biology courses, often stress experiential learning through laboratories that involve live animals, as well as a lecture component that emphasizes formative assessment, discussion, and critical thinking. Although online behavior courses may be remote, they can still be interactive and social, and designed with inclusive pedagogy.

Geolocator tagging links distributions in the non-breeding season to population genetic structure in a sentinel North Pacific seabird.

We tested the hypothesis that segregation in wintering areas is associated with population differentiation in a sentinel North Pacific seabird, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata). We collected tissue samples for genetic analyses on five breeding colonies in the western Pacific Ocean (Japan) and on 13 colonies in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California to Alaska), and deployed light-level geolocator tags on 12 eastern Pacific colonies to delineate wintering areas. Geolocator tags were deployed previously on one colony in Japan.

Muscle-Specific Contributions to Lower Extremity Net Joint Moments While Squatting With Different External Loads.

Kipp, K, Kim, H, and Wolf, WI. Muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments while squatting with different external loads. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 324-331, 2022-The purpose of this study was to determine muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments (NJMs) during squats with different external loads.

A Point Mutation Creating a 3' Splice Site in Is a Predominant Cause of C8α-γ Deficiency in African Americans.

C8α-γ deficiency was examined in four unrelated African Americans. Two individuals were compound heterozygotes for a previously reported point mutation in exon 9. mRNA from the remaining six alleles contained a 10 nt insertion between nt 992 and 993 corresponding to the junction between exons 6 and 7.

Religion and Recovery Among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness.

Faith-based organizations provide essential recovery services to individuals experiencing homelessness. Research suggests that religion and spirituality aid recovery from alcohol and drug addiction, although less is known about these factors in homeless populations. This study used qualitative interviews to explore the role of religion in recovery from addiction in a sample of 14 adults with a history of homelessness.

Measuring Client-Centered Outcomes in an Occupational Therapy Student Teaching Clinic Using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.

Importance: Student teaching clinics (STCs) are an increasingly popular means of providing clinical learning opportunities to health profession students. Although research exists on the learning outcomes of students participating in STCs, little research exists on the outcomes of clients participating in STCs.

Objective: To examine client-perceived outcomes at a university-based occupational therapy STC in the Pacific Northwest.

Muscle Forces During the Squat, Split Squat, and Step-Up Across a Range of External Loads in College-Aged Men.

Kipp, K, Kim, H, and Wolf, WI. Muscle forces during the squat, split squat, and step-up across a range of external loads in college-aged men. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 314-323, 2022-Knowledge about the load-dependent demand placed on muscles during resistance training exercises is important for injury prevention and sports performance training programs.

Parallel Evolution in the Integration of a Co-obligate Aphid Symbiosis.

Insects evolve dependence-often extreme-on microbes for nutrition. This includes cases in which insects harbor multiple endosymbionts that function collectively as a metabolic unit [1-5]. How do these dependences originate [6], and is there a predictable sequence of events leading to the integration of new symbionts? While co-obligate symbioses, in which hosts rely on multiple nutrient-provisioning symbionts, have evolved numerous times across sap-feeding insects, there is only one known case in aphids, involving Buchnera aphidicola and Serratia symbiotica in the Lachninae subfamily [7-9].

Understanding Policy Influences on Health and Occupation Through the Use of the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) Framework.

Life course health development (LCHD) is a framework that considers the transactional nature of risks and protective factors along the life trajectory and how this context influences health. Public policies, from health care to education to social services to labor laws, have many goals, including lessening and eliminating health disparities, yet inequities in health services and outcomes remain. Policy is a contextual factor that may be overlooked when examining influences on health and occupation.

Subfunctionalization of phytochrome B1/B2 leads to differential auxin and photosynthetic responses.

Gene duplication and polyploidization are genetic mechanisms that instantly add genetic material to an organism's genome. Subsequent modification of the duplicated material leads to the evolution of neofunctionalization (new genetic functions), subfunctionalization (differential retention of genetic functions), redundancy, or a decay of duplicated genes to pseudogenes. Phytochromes are light receptors that play a large role in plant development.

Ancient Coretention of Paralogs of Cid Centromeric Histones and Cal1 Chaperones in Mosquito Species.

Despite their essential role in chromosome segregation in most eukaryotes, centromeric histones (CenH3s) evolve rapidly and are subject to gene turnover. We previously identified four instances of gene duplication and specialization of Cid, which encodes for the CenH3 in Drosophila. We hypothesized that retention of specialized Cid paralogs could be selectively advantageous to resolve the intralocus conflict that occurs on essential genes like Cid, which are subject to divergent selective pressures to perform multiple functions.

Reply to Van Valkenburgh et al.

DeSantis et al. respond to the concerns raised by Van Valkenburgh et al. on their original study.

Autonomic influences on heart rate during marital conflict: Associations with high frequency heart rate variability and cardiac pre-ejection period.

Psychosocial factors predict the development and course of cardiovascular disease, perhaps through sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms. At rest, heart rate (HR) is under parasympathetic control, often measured as high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). During stress, HR is influenced jointly by parasympathetic and sympathetic processes, the latter often quantified as pre-ejection period (PEP).

Bioactive growth hormone in humans: Controversies, complexities and concepts.

Objective: To revisit a finding, first described in 1978, which documented existence of a pituitary growth factor that escaped detection by immunoassay, but which was active in the established rat tibia GH bioassay.

Methods: We present a narrative review of the evolution of growth hormone complexity, and its bio-detectability, from a historical perspective.

Results: In humans under the age of 60, physical training (i.

The Effect of Tactical Tasks and Gear on Muscle Activation of SWAT Officers.

Keeler, JM, Pohl, MB, Bergstrom, HC, Thomas, JM, and Abel, MG. The effect of tactical tasks and gear on muscle activation of SWAT officers. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 238-244, 2022-Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) officers perform a variety of tactical operations while wearing tactical gear.

Physical therapy musculoskeletal imaging authority: A survey of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy Nations.

Objectives: Medical evidence largely supports PTs in expanded roles, however, healthcare policy within the United States (USA) typically restricts PTs from ordering musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. It is unknown how MSK imaging policy in the USA compares to other World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) member nations. The primary objective of our study was to investigate the authority of PTs to order MSK imaging.

Through the Eyes of Faculty: Using Personas as a Tool for Learner-Centered Professional Development.

College science instructors need continuous professional development (PD) to meet the call to evidence-based practice. New PD efforts need to focus on the nuanced blend of factors that influence instructors' teaching practices. We used persona methodology to describe the diversity among instructors who were participating in a long-term PD initiative.

Muscle-Specific Sensitivity to Voluntary Physical Activity and Detraining.

Aerobic physical activity triggers adaptations in skeletal muscle including a fast-to-slow shift in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, an enhanced capillary network, and mitochondrial biogenesis to meet increased demands placed upon this tissue. Although the magnitude of these responses appears to be dependent on muscle phenotype as well as training volume and/or intensity, the whole-muscle response to detraining remains mostly unexplored. Here, we hypothesized that the shifts toward slower MHC phentotype and the increased capillarity and mitochondrial oxidative markers induced with training would return toward sedentary (SED) control levels sooner in the fast plantaris than in the slow soleus muscle as a result of detraining.

A Burst of Genetic Innovation in Drosophila Actin-Related Proteins for Testis-Specific Function.

Many cytoskeletal proteins perform fundamental biological processes and are evolutionarily ancient. For example, the superfamily of actin-related proteins (Arps) specialized early in eukaryotic evolution for diverse cellular roles in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Despite its strict conservation across eukaryotes, we find that the Arp superfamily has undergone dramatic lineage-specific diversification in Drosophila.

Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring.

Background And Aims: Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011-17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data.

Design: Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017.