Flock house virus: a model system for understanding non-enveloped virus entry and membrane penetration.

The means by which non-enveloped viruses penetrate cellular membranes during cell entry remain poorly defined. Recent findings indicate that several members of this group share a common mechanism of membrane penetration in which the virus particle undergoes programmed conformational changes, leading to capsid disassembly and release of small membrane-interacting peptides. Flock House Virus (FHV), a member of the nodaviridae family, offers some unique advantages for studying non-enveloped virus entry.

Effect of treadmill training and supramalleolar orthosis use on motor skill development in infants with Down syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) often display delayed onset of independent walking. Treadmill training is an effective intervention that leads to an earlier walking onset. In addition, orthoses often are provided to infants with DS to increase stability and promote earlier independent walking.

Photoperiod-dependent floral reversion in the natural allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica.

Flower reversion is the result of genetic or environmental effects that reverse developmental steps in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in plants. Here, we describe peculiar floral abnormalities, homeotic conversions, and flower reversion in several wild-type accessions of the natural allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica. Microscopy was used to illustrate the phenotype in detail and we experimented with varying photoperiod lengths to establish whether or not the phenotype was responsive to the environment.

On-road, in-use gaseous emission measurements by remote sensing of school buses equipped with diesel oxidation catalysts and diesel particulate filters.

A remote sensing device was used to obtain on-road and in-use gaseous emission measurements from three fleets of schools buses at two locations in Washington State. This paper reports each fleet's carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) mean data. The fleets represent current emission retrofit technologies, such as diesel particulate filters and diesel oxidation catalysts, and a control fleet.

Normal modes of a musical drumhead under non-uniform tension.

The effect of non-uniform tension on the normal modes of musical drumheads is examined. Using the standard (m,n) designation for the number of nodal diameters and circles, ideal circular membrane modes with m>0 are doubly degenerate. These degeneracies can be lifted by perturbations to the circular symmetry.

The return of the phoenix: the 1963 International Congress of Zoology and American zoologists in the twentieth century.

This paper examines the International Congress of Zoology held in Washington D.C. in 1963 as a portrait of American zoologists' search for effective and rewarding relationships with both each other and the public.

Mitotic instability in resynthesized and natural polyploids of the genus Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae).

Allopolyploids contain complete sets of chromosomes from two or more different progenitor species. Because allopolyploid hybridization can lead to speciation, allopolyploidy is an important mechanism in evolution. Meiotic instability in early-generation allopolyploids contributes to high lethality, but less is known about mitotic fidelity in allopolyploids.

Validation of an activity-based data form developed to reflect interventions used by pediatric physical therapists.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Pediatric Physical Therapy Intervention Activities (PPTIA) data form when used by pediatric physical therapists to describe interventions used in the treatment of children with developmental disabilities. The form is based on use of the clinical practice improvement approach.

Methods: A panel of 9 experts was assembled to establish face validity for the PPTIA by assessing clarity, accuracy, and relevance.

Needs assessment of runaway females in Iran from an occupational therapy perspective.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess, from an occupational therapy perspective, the occupational performance needs of runaway females between 15 and 33 years old, residing in the state-run shelters in Mashhad, Iran. The inclusion criteria were: (1) participants who were 15 years old or above; (2) participants who resided in one of the state-run shelters in Mashhad; and (3) participants who could read, comprehend and write in Farsi. A written survey was completed by 44 runaway females (response rate: 36.

When asking questions is not enough: an observational study of social communication differences in high functioning children with autism.

This investigation examined communication patterns between high functioning children with autism and their families and typically developing children and their families within traditional dinner time conversation. Twenty families with a child with autism (3.5-7 years.

The short-term effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.

The study was an exploratory, one group pretest/post-test study, with the objective of investigating the short-term effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulations (TSTMs) on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). There is evidence that manual physical therapy that includes TSTM and non-thrust manipulation and exercise is effective for the treatment of patients with SIS. However, the relative contributions of specific manual therapy interventions are not known.

Ground reaction forces and kinematics of plant leg position during instep kicking in male and female collegiate soccer players.

The players' ability to achieve the greatest distance in kicking is determined by their efficiency in transferring kinetic energy from the body to the ball. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics and kinematics of the plant leg position between male and female collegiate soccer players during instep kicking. Twenty-three soccer players (11 males and 12 females) were filmed in both the sagittal and posterior views while performing a maximal instep kick.

Interpartner conflict and child abuse risk among African American and Latino adolescent parenting couples.

Objective: The goal of this study was to identify links between observed conflict interactions and risk for child abuse and harsh parenting among a multiethnic sample of adolescent mothers (14-19 years) and young fathers (14-24 years).

Methods: Prior to childbirth (T1), observation-based relationship data were collected from 154 expectant adolescent couples as well as information about physical aggression between partners. Two years after childbirth (T2), data relevant to harsh disciplinary practices and child abuse-prone attitudes were collected from both young mothers and fathers.

Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and relationship outcomes among adolescent mothers and their partners.

This study was designed to identify predictors of relationship outcomes among 179 young (ages 14-24) coparenting couples during the transition to parenthood, with a particular focus on interpersonal process and psychopathology. Findings indicated that couples identified as hostile during the prenatal assessment were more likely to report relationship violence at follow-up (2 years postbirth). Couples identified as warm were more likely to remain together as coparents even if their romantic relationship dissolved.

Cardiovascular reactivity during positive and negative marital interactions.

Marriage reduces risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but marital stress increases risk, perhaps through cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). However, previous studies have lacked controls necessary to conclude definitively that negative marital interactions evoke heightened CVR. To test the specific effects of marital stress on CVR, 114 couples engaged in positive, neutral, or negative interactions in which speaking and task involvement were controlled.

Work stress and alcohol use: Examining the tension-reduction model as a function of worker's parent's alcohol use.

In an effort to identify groups who may be more vulnerable to tension-reduction drinking [Frone, M. (2003). Predictors of overall and on-the-job substance use among young workers.

Filling out the Hippo pathway.

How cell numbers are controlled during organ development is a problem that is still in need of answers. Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster have delineated a novel signalling pathway, the Hippo pathway, which has an important role in restraining cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in differentiating epithelial cells. Much like cancer cells, cells that contain mutations for components of the Hippo pathway proliferate inappropriately and have a competitive edge in genetically mosaic tissues.

Looking for a general for some modern major models.

Computer climate models are some of the most complex scientific structures ever conceived. Consisting of hundreds of thousands of equations and running on supercomputers capable of trillions of operations per second, they chart the evolution of past and future climates across thousands of years. These simulations are breathtaking in their qualitative detail and vastly ambitious in their quantitative exactitude.

Physical agents used in the management of chronic pain by physical therapists.

Evidence supporting the use of specific physical agents in the management of chronic pain conditions is not definitive; it is largely incomplete and sometimes contradictory. However, the use of agents in chronic pain management programs is common. Within the broad use of physical agents, they are rarely the sole modality of treatment.

Quantification of acetylation at proximal lysine residues using isotopic labeling and tandem mass spectrometry.

With the emergence of the histone code as a key determinant in the regulation of gene expression, it has been important to develop tools that can not only identify the types and locations of myriad modifications, but also determine how the levels of these modifications change as a result of various processes in a cell. Mass spectrometry has become a method of choice for the investigation of post-translational modifications in histone proteins. Described in this article is a mass spectrometric method that is useful for direct quantification of levels of acetylation at lysines residues in close proximity to one another, as is the case for the amino terminal tail of histone H4.

The use of interactive video client simulation scores to predict clinical performance of occupational therapy students.

Objective: Student academic performance (grades) has traditionally shown a weak correlation with clinical performance (supervisor ratings). A computer-based interactive video client evaluation program was created to determine whether the decision making of occupational therapy students on a client simulation explained variability in fieldwork supervisor ratings not accounted for by grades.

Method: Two student cohorts (N = 43; N = 30) selected evaluation procedures for a client with a cerebrovascular accident from on-screen menus and recorded and interpreted client responses as shown on videodisc.