Management of life-threatening post-traumatic otorrhagia.

Otorrhagia can be life-threatening, and acute control of the hemorrhage using easily accessible and practical techniques in the otolaryngology field such as Merocel packing and Kerlix gauze pressure dressing is essential to manage this complication.

Obstructive lingual thyroid.

Lingual thyroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any base of tongue mass. Examination may reveal worrisome obstructive findings. However, a majority of patients are hypothyroid and respond favorably to hormone replacement therapy upfront.

Persistent active avoidance correlates with activity in prelimbic cortex and ventral striatum.

Persistent avoidance is a prominent symptom of anxiety disorders and is often resistant to extinction-based therapies. Little is known about the circuitry mediating persistent avoidance. Using a recently described platform-mediated active avoidance task, we assessed activity in several structures with c-Fos immuno-labeling.

Disease-related mutations among Caribbean Hispanics with familial dementia.

Pathogenic mutations in the three known genes - the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2) - are known to cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tend to be associated with early-onset AD. However, the frequency and risk associated with these mutations vary widely. In addition, mutations in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) genes - the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), granulin (GRN) - have also been found to be associated with clinical AD.

Deep brain stimulation of the ventral striatum increases BDNF in the fear extinction circuit.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) reduces the symptoms of treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and improves response to extinction-based therapies. We recently reported that DBS-like stimulation of a rat homologue of VC/VS, the dorsal-VS, reduced conditioned fear and enhanced extinction memory (Rodriguez-Romaguera et al., 2012).