Phlorotannin-Rich Seaweed Extract Inhibits Influenza Infection.

Seaweed-derived compounds are a renewable resource utilised in the manufacturing and food industry. This study focuses on an enriched seaweed extract (ESE) isolated from The ESE was screened for antiviral activity by plaque reduction assays against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8), A/X-31 H3N2 (X31) and A/England/195/2009 H1N1 (Eng195), resulting in the complete inhibition of infection. Time of addition assays and FACS analysis were used to help determine the modes of action.

The Growing Phenomenon of 'Frozen' Virus Genome Sequences and Their Likely Origin in Research Facility Escapes.

'Frozen' virus genome sequences are sampled from outbreaks and have unusually low sequence divergence when compared to genome sequences from historical strains. A growing number of 'frozen' virus genome sequences are being reported as virus genome sequencing becomes more common. Examples of 'frozen' sequences include the 1977 H1N1 'Russian' flu; Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus from Venezuela and Colombia in 1995; E71 sequences from a Hand, Foot and Mouth outbreak in 2007-2009 in China; and a polio strain isolated in 2014 from Anhui, China.

Inheritance and Resistance Mechanisms of Field-Evolved Resistance to Pyrethroids in a Fall Armyworm ( J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain from Puerto Rico.

This study examines resistance inheritance to the pyrethroid insecticides esfenvalerate and deltamethrin in a Puerto Rican strain of fall armyworm (FAW), , a major global pest of corn. The resistant strain (PPR) showed significantly higher resistance compared to a susceptible strain (SUS), with a 62-fold X-linked and 15-fold autosomal-linked resistance ratio (RR) for esfenvalerate and deltamethrin, respectively. Resistance was incompletely dominant for both insecticides.

Understanding Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Puerto Rican Youth: Influence of Parental Stress.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all areas of society. The socioemotional effects of isolation, financial instability, and educational and employment uncertainty are anticipated to have a ripple effect on the mental health of parents and children, which has not yet been studied in the Puerto Rican context. To examine the impact of COVID-19 on Puerto Rican families, we used a cross-sectional, correlational research design that studied the following: (a) Adverse experiences (AE) related to the COVID-19 pandemic reported by parents; (b) Parental stress; (c) Parental psychopathology: (d) The mental health of their children.

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Blood-Based Biomarker Panel for Colorectal Cancer Detection: A Pilot Study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite its preventability through screening, compliance still needs to improve due to the invasiveness of current tools. There is a growing demand for validated molecular biomarker panels for minimally invasive blood-based CRC screening.

Geographic Variation in Signal Preferences in the Tropical Katydid .

In communication systems, the signal and preference for the signal have to match, limiting phenotypic variation. Yet, communication systems evolve, but the mechanisms of how phenotypic variation can come into existence while not disrupting the match are poorly understood. Geographic variation in communication can provide insights into the diversification of these systems.

Bathymetry estimation for coastal regions using self-attention.

Bathymetric mapping of the coastal area is essential for coastal development and management. However, conventional bathymetric measurement in coastal areas is resource-expensive and under many constraints. Various research have been conducted to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of bathymetric estimations.

Building a growing genomic repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium.

Background: Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Of note, prenatal Zika infection can cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including congenital Zika syndrome.

Relationship between physical activity and biomarkers of pathology and neuroinflammation in preclinical autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) has been linked to reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, less is known about its effects in the AD preclinical stage. We aimed to investigate whether greater PA was associated with lower plasma biomarkers of AD pathology, neural injury, reactive astrocytes, and better cognition in individuals with autosomal-dominant AD due to the presenilin-1 E280A mutation who are virtually guaranteed to develop dementia.

Alternate definitions of adverse pathology to predict a very high risk of metastasis in men with intermediate- and low-risk prostate cancer.

Background: Adverse pathology (AP) is often used as an intermediate end point for long-term outcomes in men with prostate cancer (PCa) who are active surveillance candidates. The association between a commonly used AP definition and long-term outcomes was tested, which identified definitions more strongly linked to a high risk of metastasis.

Methods: Data were reviewed from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) from 1988 to 2020 at nine Veterans Affairs hospitals.

Surveys of genotypes in breeding stations and commercial rice fields in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Puerto Rico from 2017 to 2019.

Major resistance (R) gene mediated resistance to rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is often overcome by the fungus due to the occurrences of new races with altered corresponding avirulence (AVR) genes. In this study, blast diseased rice tissue samples were collected from breeding stations and commercial rice fields in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Puerto Rico during 2017-2019 to determine the efficacy of major R genes, Pi-ta, Pik, Pizt, Pi9, and Pi33. A total of 185 blast isolates were isolated from the diseased tissue samples to examine the existence of AVR genes AVR-Pita1, AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pi9 and ACE1.

Assessing the 10/66 Dementia Classification Algorithm for International Comparative Analyses with the U.S.

Cross-national comparisons of dementia prevalence are essential for identifying unique determinants and cultural-specific risk factors, but methodological differences in dementia classification across countries hinder global comparisons. This study maps the 10/66 algorithm for dementia classification, widely used and validated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to the U.S.

Transcriptomic Profiles in Nasal Epithelium and Asthma Endotypes in Youth.

Importance: T helper 2 (T2) cells and T helper 17 (T17) cells are CD4+ T cell subtypes involved in asthma. Characterizing asthma endotypes based on these cell types in diverse groups is important for developing effective therapies for youths with asthma.

Objective: To identify asthma endotypes in school-aged youths aged 6 to 20 years by examining the distribution and characteristics of transcriptomic profiles in nasal epithelium.

Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, possible treatments and the role of the gut microbiota.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating pathological state causing motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. To date, SCI remains without viable treatment for its patients. After the injury, molecular events centered at the lesion epicenter create a non-permissive environment for cell survival and regeneration.

Configuration of electrical synapses filters sensory information to drive behavioral choices.

Synaptic configurations underpin how the nervous system processes sensory information to produce a behavioral response. This is best understood for chemical synapses, and we know far less about how electrical synaptic configurations modulate sensory information processing and context-specific behaviors. We discovered that innexin 1 (INX-1), a gap junction protein that forms electrical synapses, is required to deploy context-specific behavioral strategies underlying thermotaxis behavior in C.

Examining the association of elevated initial serum lactate with mortality and morbidity in trauma patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Elevated initial serum lactate (iSL) levels are frequently employed to assess trauma severity, but their predictive value for mortality and morbidity remains inconsistent. We evaluated the association of iSL with mortality and morbidity at Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital (PRTH).

Methods: This IRB-approved retrospective study included trauma patients ≥ 18 years with iSL measured within the first 48 h of admission to PRTH (July 2014-June 2019).

Outcomes of Scapular Osteosarcoma.

Background/aim: Scapular osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy, and the understanding of its optimal treatment strategies and long-term outcomes remains limited. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate our institutional experience.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed 14 patients (8 females, 5 males; mean age 44±17 years) treated for scapular osteosarcoma from 1985 to 2022.

State and territory immunization program activities and their association with human papillomavirus vaccine initiation in the United States of America: A multilevel approach.

This study evaluates the association between immunization program (IP) activities aimed at increasing HPV vaccination among adolescents and their impact on initiation rates. Our data sources are: (i) 2016 AIM Annual Survey and (ii) 2019 National Immunization Survey-Teen. We estimated the prevalence of HPV vaccine initiation using a multilevel Poisson model, combining state-level IP data and individual characteristics of adolescents.

Community Synchrony in Seed Production is Associated With Trait Similarity and Climate Across North America.

Mast seeding, the synchronous and highly variable production of seed crops by perennial plants, is a population-level phenomenon and has cascading effects in ecosystems. Mast seeding studies are typically conducted at the population/species level. Much less is known about synchrony in mast seeding between species because the necessary long-term data are rarely available.

Two Gracilioethers Containing a [2(5H)-Furanylidene]ethanoate Moiety and 9,10-Dihydroplakortone G: New Polyketides from the Caribbean Marine Sponge .

Gracilioether M () and 11,12-dihydrogracilioether M (), two polyketides with a [2(5H)-furanylidene]ethanoate moiety, along with known plakortone G () and its new naturally occurring derivative 9,10-dihydroplakortone G (), were isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge . The structures and absolute configuration of , , and were characterized by analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data, chemical derivatization, and side-by-side comparisons with published NMR data of related analogs. Compounds and and a mixture of and were evaluated for cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

DefNEtTrp: An Iron Dual Chelator Approach for Anticancer Application.

Targeting iron metabolism has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. As such, iron chelator drugs are repurposed or specifically designed as anticancer agents. Two important chelators, deferasirox (Def) and triapine (Trp), attack the intracellular supply of iron (Fe) and inhibit Fe-dependent pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and metastasis.

Variability in Notification of Positive Newborn Screening Results for Sickle Cell Trait Across the United States.

Universal in the United States (US) since 2006, newborn screening (NBS) programs for sickle cell disease (SCD) allow for early identification of the disease and, as an unintentional byproduct, identification of sickle cell trait (SCT). Unlike other carrier states, SCT is highly prevalent and is found in nearly 3 million Americans, which results in important reproductive implications. Currently, all NBS programs in the US are responsible for their own policies regarding SCT notification, and little is known about how SCT notification practices are performed and how these practices vary across NBS programs.

Yellow bean ( L.) germplasm with less dietary fiber have shorter cooking times and more bioavailable iron.

Some yellow-colored market classes of dry bean ( L.) are valued by consumers as an easy-to-digest, fast cooking alternative to darker colored red and black beans, which in comparison generally have longer cooking times and reduced iron bioavailability. There is evidence that the cooking time of yellow beans is linked to the dietary fiber content and may also contribute to nutrient digestibility and bioavailability.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape.