Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis - A Case Report and Literature Analysis.

We describe a case of a 67-year-old man with bioprosthetic aortic valve endocarditis secondary to , a rare Gram-negative plant pathogen. The initial source was assumed to be due to soil exposure. The patient was successfully managed with ceftriaxone following aortic valve replacement.

Operating room times differ for surgical fixation of metacarpal fractures: An analysis of two principally different techniques.

Introduction: Time spent in the operating room (OR) has ramifications that impact patient outcomes and the economics of patients, physicians, surgery centers, and insurance industry. For that reason, there is an incentive to seek approaches that allow shorter times to be spent in the OR. To what extent varying routine techniques impact on operating times has not been extensively studied in metacarpal fixation literature, specifically investigating retrograde threaded intramedullary nail fixations (RTNF) and comparing it to open plating fixations (OPF).

Optimizing brain mapping: integrating real-time neuropsychological assessment in awake craniotomy.

Intraoperative neuropsychological testing (IONT) is a sophisticated method of cognitive mapping during the resection of brain tumors in eloquent areas. Direct electrical stimulation during awake craniotomy is routinely utilized for mapping basic language and sensorimotor function, but the utilization of IONT offers an individualized approach that can yield real-time, comprehensive feedback on various cognitive functions, allowing for a tailored and more extensive tumor resection. In this video, the authors present the case of a 41-year-old male undergoing re-resection for a recurrent right temporal astrocytoma in which IONT played a crucial role.

A novel sensitizer reduces EGFR-TKI resistance by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and autophagy.

Background: The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are high, and treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is the preferred first-line treatment for patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. However, EGFR-TKI resistance leads to treatment failure. Yifei-Sanjie pill (YFSJ) is a novel type of Chinese patent medicine for lung cancer.

Advancements and Future Directions of Dual-Target Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has made groundbreaking progress in the treatment of various cancer types, particularly hematological malignancies. In the meantime, various preclinical and clinical studies have extensively explored dual-target CAR-T therapies which can be designed to recognize two antigens simultaneously based on the immunophenotype of tumor cells. Compared with single-target CAR-T approach, dual-target CAR-T therapies demonstrate varying degrees of superior antitumor CAR effects, prevent antigen escape and relapse, reduce on-target off-tumor effects, and ensure durable responses in different types of cancer.

Virulence and pathogenicity of group B : Virulence factors and their roles in perinatal infection.

This review summarizes key virulence factors associated with group B (GBS), a significant pathogen particularly affecting pregnant women, fetuses, and infants. Beginning with an introduction to the historical transition of GBS from a zoonotic pathogen to a prominent cause of human infections, particularly in the perinatal period, the review describes major disease manifestations caused by GBS, including sepsis, meningitis, chorioamnionitis, pneumonia, and others, linking each to specific virulence mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the genetic basis for GBS pathogenicity follows, emphasizing the roles of capsules in pathogenesis and immune evasion.

Know Your ABCs: Discovery, Differentiation, and Targeting of T-Bet+ B Cells.

Since their first description in 2008, T-bet+ B cells have emerged as a clinically important B cell subset. Now commonly known as ABCs (Age-associated B Cells), they are uniquely characterized by their expression of the transcription factor T-bet. Indeed, this singular factor defines this B cell subset.

Sleep quality and cognitive functioning among Chinese older adults living in the US: a mixed-effects model analysis.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in sleep quality and cognitive health are increasingly recognized, yet little is understood about their associations among Chinese older adults living in the United States. This study aims to examine the relationships between sleep health and cognitive functioning in this population, utilizing data from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE).

Methods: This observational study utilized a two-wave panel design as part of the PINE, including 2,228 participants aged 65 years or older who self-identified as Chinese.

Genomic sequencing: the case for equity of care in the era of personalized medicine.

Over the past two decades, genomic sequencing (exome and genome) has proven to be critical in providing a faster and more accurate diagnosis as well as tailored treatment plans for a variety of populations. Despite its potential, disparities in access to genomic sequencing persist, predominantly among underrepresented and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and populations. This inequity stems from factors such as: 1) high costs of sequencing, 2) significant gaps in insurance coverage, 3) limited availability of genetic services in many healthcare institutions and geographic areas, and 4) lack of diversity in genetic research and databases.

Neuromorphic computing at scale.

Neuromorphic computing is a brain-inspired approach to hardware and algorithm design that efficiently realizes artificial neural networks. Neuromorphic designers apply the principles of biointelligence discovered by neuroscientists to design efficient computational systems, often for applications with size, weight and power constraints. With this research field at a critical juncture, it is crucial to chart the course for the development of future large-scale neuromorphic systems.

Diversity in the medical research ecosystem: a descriptive scientometric analysis of over 49 000 studies and 150 000 authors published in high-impact medical journals between 2007 and 2022.

Objectives: Health research that significantly impacts global clinical practice and policy is often published in high-impact factor (IF) medical journals. These outlets play a pivotal role in the worldwide dissemination of novel medical knowledge. However, researchers identifying as women and those affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been largely under-represented in high-IF journals across multiple fields of medicine.

Redefining diagnostic lesional status in temporal lobe epilepsy with artificial intelligence.

Despite decades of advancements in diagnostic MRI, 30-50% of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients remain categorized as "non-lesional" (i.e., MRI negative or MRI-) based on visual assessment by human experts.

Use of Potentially Nephrotoxic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Patients on SGLT2i: A Trajectories Analysis.

Purpose: To characterize trajectories of nephrotoxic potential (NxP) drug use among older adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) treated with SGLT2is and identify associated patient characteristics.

Methods: Using 2012-2019 Medicare data, we selected patients with T2D who filled at least one prescription for SGLT2is. Index date was the date of the first SGLT2i prescription filled.

Anatomical and functional changes after internal limiting membrane peeling.

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling has been an acceptable step in vitrectomy surgeries for various retinal diseases such as macular hole, chronic macular edema following epiretinal membrane (ERM), and vitreoretinal traction. Despite all the benefits, this procedure has some side effects, which may lead to structural damage and functional vision loss. Light and dye toxicity may induce reversible and irreversible retina damage, which will be observed in postoperative optical coherence tomography scans.

The Safety Profile of Amiodarone Among Older Adults (age ≥ 75 years): A Pharmacovigilance Study from the FDA Data.

Background: Amiodarone is a widely used antiarrhythmic agent with significant toxicities and drug interactions more likely to affect older adults. Nevertheless, data regarding amiodarone safety in this population are limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from 2003 to 2024 .

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, Advanced Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: To provide updated guidance regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) among patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]).

Methods: A multidisciplinary Expert Panel convened and updated the systematic review.

Results: Sixty-one studies form the evidence base.

Postoperative Radiotherapy ± Cetuximab for Intermediate-Risk Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT)/cetuximab (C) demonstrated superiority over RT alone for locally advanced squamous head and neck cancer. We tested this in completely resected, intermediate-risk cancer.

Methods: Patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx, with one or more risk factors warranting postoperative RT.

Constructs across a hierarchical, dimensional model of psychopathology show differential associations with social and general cognitive ability.

Many psychiatric disorders and associated psychopathology dimensions are related to social cognitive deficits and reduced general cognitive ability. The current study applied a hierarchical, dimensional approach to better understand associations among psychopathology, social cognition, and general cognitive ability. Data were collected from two samples (n = 653), including psychosis-spectrum patients, their first-degree relatives, and individuals from community sources.

Decay in Physiologic Knowledge since Medical School among Critical Care Fellows (DIP Study).

Rapid accumulation of knowledge and skills by trainees in the intensive care unit assumes prior mastery of clinically relevant core physiology concepts. However, for many fellows, their foundational physiology knowledge was acquired years earlier during their preclinical medical curricula and variably reinforced during the remainder of their undergraduate and graduate medical training. We sought to assess the retention of clinically relevant pulmonary physiology knowledge among pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) and critical care medicine (CCM) fellows.

Phase I trial of ATR inhibitor elimusertib with FOLFIRI in advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies (ETCTN 10406).

Background: ATR is an apical DDR kinase activated at damaged replication forks. Elimusertib is an oral ATR inhibitor and potentiates irinotecan in human colorectal cancer models.

Methods: To establish dose and tolerability of elimusertib with FOLFIRI, a Bayesian Optimal Interval trial design was pursued.

Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.