GHR and IGF2R genes may contribute to normal variations in craniofacial dimensions: Insights from an admixed population.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) genes are associated with different craniofacial phenotypes.

Methods: A total of 596 orthodontic and 98 orthognathic patients from 4 cities in Brazil were included for analyses. Angular and linear cephalometric measurements were obtained, and phenotype characterizations were performed.

Two-fold excess of fluoride in the drinking water has no obvious health effects other than dental fluorosis.

Background: There is concern that fluorides in the drinking water is hazardous to health.

Methods: We conducted an observational study in the village of Hanliyenice (population 280), Turkey, which has 2.5 times higher than optimal levels of fluoride in the drinking water and evaluated all children 7-13 years of age (N = 30).

Third molar agenesis as a potential marker for craniofacial deformities.

Unlabelled: The identification of clinical patterns of tooth agenesis in individuals born with craniofacial deformities may be a useful tool for risk determination of these defects. We hypothesize that specific craniofacial deformities are associated with third molar agenesis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify if third molar agenesis could have a relation with other craniofacial structure alterations, such as cleft lip and palate, skeletal malocclusion, or specific growth patterns in humans.

Condylar geometry variation is associated with ENPP1 variant in a population of patients with dento-facial deformities.

Purpose: Bone remodeling is essential in maintaining bone health. Considering that ENPP1 contributes to bone geometry and bone mineralization, the aim of our study was to analyze the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ENPP1 and condylar remodeling.

Materials And Methods: A total of 156 patients undergoing orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery treatment for correction of malocclusion were included in this prospective study.

ENPP1 and ESR1 genotypes influence temporomandibular disorders development and surgical treatment response in dentofacial deformities.

Unlabelled: Dentofacial deformities are dys-morpho-functional disorders involving the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Many authors have reported a TMJ improvement in dysfunctional subjects with malocclusion after orthodontic or combined orthodontic and surgical treatment particularly for the relief of pain. In particular, few studies have highlighted the demographic and clinical predictors of response to surgical treatment.