Bruxism Throughout the Lifespan and Variants in , and .

Bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity characterized by grinding of the teeth and clenching of the jaw that causes tooth wear and breakage, temporomandibular joint disorders, muscle pain, and headache. Bruxism occurs in both adults and children. Clinical characteristics and habits were evaluated in an adult sample.

Good Relationships With Parents During Childhood as Buffers of the Association Between Childhood Disadvantage and Adult Susceptibility to the Common Cold.

Objective: Children reared by parents of low socioeconomic status (SES) go on to have elevated rates of physical health problems and premature mortality. However, many children reared in low-SES families remain healthy throughout the life-span. Here, secondary analyses of archival data tested the hypothesis that a positive relationship with parents during childhood acts as a buffer of the increased risk of adult susceptibility to infectious illness associated with low childhood SES.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as an underlying mechanism of inorganic phosphate (P)-induced mineralization of osteogenic cells.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are a natural byproduct of oxygen metabolism. At physiological levels, ROS regulate multiple cellular processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Increased levels of ROS are associated with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and vascular calcification, where they elicit cytotoxic effects.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Opioids in Postsurgical Dental Pain.

Postsurgical dental pain is mainly driven by inflammation, particularly through the generation of prostaglandins via the cyclooxygenase system. Thus, it is no surprise that numerous randomized placebo-controlled trials studying acute pain following the surgical extraction of impacted third molars have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, etodolac, diclofenac, and ketorolac in this prototypic condition of acute inflammatory pain. Combining an optimal dose of an NSAID with an appropriate dose of acetaminophen appears to further enhance analgesic efficacy and potentially reduce the need for opioids.

A Snapshot of the Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Fluorosis in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in the United States is unknown. The condition is defined via the presence of demarcated opacities of varying color, porous enamel, advanced susceptibility or progression of dental caries, and sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Pittsburgh, Pa.

Managing Acute Pain and Opioid Risks Following Wisdom Teeth Extraction: An Illustrative Case.

Introduction: The opioid epidemic has awakened educators to the insufficiency of training in the areas of pain management and substance use disorders within the curricula of health sciences schools. The University of Pittsburgh Center of Excellence in Pain Education created an online educational module focusing on factors contributing to the opioid epidemic and the role of robust interprofessional communication in avoiding common practitioner errors.

Methods: The 1-hour module created by an interprofessional team comprised a pretest, video presentation featuring case vignettes, posttest, and learner satisfaction survey.

Heritability of periodontitis: A systematic review of evidence from animal studies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the heritability of periodontitis via a systematic appraisal of the existing evidence derived from animal studies.

Design: A search was conducted through the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Open Grey, Google Scholar and ResearchGate, complemented by a hand search, for studies reporting measures of heritability of periodontitis. After full-text reading, 7 studies conducted on animal models met the inclusion criteria.

Porcine keratin 75 in developing enamel.

Objective: To provide in vivo biochemical evidence for the isolation, identification, and characterization of porcine keratin 75 (K75) in developing enamel.

Methods: Immunolocalization of K75 was observed in mandibles from mice at postnatal days 5 and 11. K75 gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using enamel organ epithelium (EOE) of incisors from pigs at 5 months of age.

Sexual Identity, Adverse Life Experiences, and Cardiovascular Health in Women.

Background: Adverse life experiences (ALE; eg, discrimination and sexual abuse) may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in sexual minority women (SMW), but few studies have tested whether ALE explain the association of sexual identity with cardiovascular health (CVH) markers in women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine sexual identity differences in CVH among women and the role of ALE.

Methods: In the Epidemiologic Study of Risk in Women, we used multinomial logistic regression to assess sexual identity differences (SMW vs heterosexual women [reference group]) in CVH markers (ideal vs poor, intermediate vs poor) using the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metric and the total score.

Prx1 Expressing Cells Are Required for Periodontal Regeneration of the Mouse Incisor.

Previous studies have shown that post-natal skeletal stem cells expressing Paired-related homeobox 1 (PRX1 or PRRX1) are present in the periosteum of long bones where they contribute to post-natal bone development and regeneration. Our group also identified post-natal PRX1 expressing cells (pnPRX1+ cells) in mouse calvarial synarthroses (sutures) and showed that these cells are required for calvarial bone regeneration. Since calvarial synarthroses are similar to dentoalveolar gomphosis (periodontium) and since there is no information available on the presence or function of pnPRX1+ cells in the periodontium, the present study aimed at identifying and characterizing pnPRX1+ cells within the mouse periodontium and assess their contribution to periodontal development and regeneration.

Recurrent oral ulceration: Etiology, classification, management, and diagnostic algorithm.

Recurrent oral ulcerations are manifestations of a heterogeneous set of both general and more-or-less specific oral diseases due to numerous potential etiologies, including, but not limited to, infections, medications, autoimmune disease, and other systemic disease. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of the common causes of recurrent oral ulceration. The following types/etiologies of recurrent oral ulceration are covered: traumatic ulceration, chemical ulceration, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, medication-related ulceration, infectious ulceration, mucocutaneous disease, and autoimmune/systemic disease.

Inter-observer Variability in the Diagnosis of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: Clinical Implications for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Understanding: A Collaborative Pilot Study.

The use of diverse terminology may lead to inconsistent diagnosis and subsequent mistreatment of lesions within the proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) spectrum. The objectives of this study were: (a) to measure inter-observer variability between a variety of pathologists diagnosing PVL lesions; and (b) to evaluate the impact of diverse terminologies on understanding, interpretation, and subsequent treatment planning by oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS). Six oral pathologists (OP) and six head and neck pathologists (HNP) reviewed 40 digitally scanned slides of PVL-type lesions.

On the Variable Clinical Presentation of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization.

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition that is defined based on its peculiar clinical presentation. Original reports on the etiology of the condition and possible risk factors were inconclusive, and we refuted the original suggestion that MIH is an idiopathic condition and suggested that MIH has complex inheritance and is due to the interaction of more than one gene and the environment. Our group was the first to suggest MIH has a genetic component that involves genetic variation in genes expressed during dental enamel formation.

Implications of use of opioid-containing analgesics for palliation of acute dental pain.

Background: Initial palliation of acute dental pain with an opioid-containing pain reliever (OPR) is inappropriate but more likely to occur among the under- and uninsured who are unable to access the customary resources for dental care.

Objective: To assess the implications of palliation with an OPR, the authors determined the prevalence of several health attributes and socioeconomic status (SES) of patients taking prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) palliative medications before they presented to an academically affiliated dental clinic for definitive treatment of acute dental pain.

Methods: Prior palliation with any OPR/antibiotic combination was compared with a self-reported mood disorder, use of a psychotherapeutic or street drug, low SES (on Medicaid or self-payer), or high SES (having commercial dental insurance).

Proteolysis by MMP20 Prevents Aberrant Mineralization in Secretory Enamel.

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) in regulating the initial formation of the enamel mineral structure during the secretory stage of amelogenesis, utilizing Mmp20-null mice that lack this essential protease. Ultrathin sagittal sections of maxillary incisors from 8-wk-old wild-type (WT), Mmp20-null (KO), and heterozygous (HET) littermates were prepared. Secretory-stage enamel ultrastructures from each genotype as a function of development were compared using transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and Raman microspectroscopy.

Trps1 transcription factor regulates mineralization of dental tissues and proliferation of tooth organ cells.

Mutations of the TRPS1 gene cause trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS), a skeletal dysplasia with dental abnormalities. TRPS dental phenotypes suggest that TRPS1 regulates multiple aspects of odontogenesis, including the tooth number and size. Previous studies delineating Trps1 expression throughout embryonic tooth development in mice detected strong Trps1 expression in dental mesenchyme, preodontoblasts, and dental follicles, suggesting that TRPS dental phenotypes result from abnormalities in early developmental processes.

Digital pathology: Review of current opportunities and challenges for oral pathologists.

Whole slide imaging (WSI) has impacted the practice of pathology in the arenas of education, clinical practice, and research. With digital slides, pathologists can circumvent the limitations of traditional glass. Presently, digital pathology is primarily utilized for second opinion consults, clinical conferences, and education at select academic medical centers, with its mainstream adoption on the rise.

Dental Educators' Perceptions of Educational Learning Domains.

The aim of this study was to seek the views of a national sample of dental educators regarding the importance of learning domains in dental education, their defined outcomes of those domains, and their perceived effectiveness of their schools in guiding learning in those domains. The study defined the educational domains important for training future dentists as knowledge, technical skills, critical thinking, ethics, social responsibility, and interprofessional education/practice (IPE/IPP). A survey of members of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Special Interest Group on the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning was conducted in 2017.

A comparison of implant complications and failures between the maxilla and the mandible.

Statement Of Problem: Identifying factors that affect the clinical outcomes of implant therapy is important.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether implant location was a factor affecting the complication and failure rates of single-tooth implant-supported restorations in a predoctoral setting.

Material And Methods: The charts of 431 patients treated with a surgically placed dental implant and restored with a single crown in the predoctoral clinic were analyzed.

Teaching Evidence-Based Practice: Considerations for Dental Education.

The motivation for teaching evidence-based practice is that, through the use of high-quality clinically relevant evidence, clinicians will make rationale decision that optimally improve patient health outcomes. Achieving that goal requires clinicians who are able to answer patient care-relevant clinical questions efficiently, which means that they must be able rapidly to retrieve, assess, and apply evidence of direct relevance to their patients. Educational programs designed to accomplish this vary in their effectiveness.

Analgesic Therapy in Dentistry: From a Letter to the Editor to an Evidence-Base Review.

It has been known for centuries that opioids are highly addictive when consumed for prolonged periods of time. Pharmacologic tolerance to the efficacy of opioid analgesic results in a need for increased dosing and drug dependence. One must question the empirical sources of evidence that justified the belief that prescription opioids were safe and effective for treating acute and chronic pain.