Exploring the relationship between melanopsin gene variants, sleep, and markers of brain health.

Introduction: Melanopsin is a photopigment with roles in mediating sleep and circadian-related processes, which are often disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Melanopsin also impacts cognition and synaptogenesis. This study investigated the associations between melanopsin genetic variants, sleep, and markers of brain health.

Evolution in Response to Management Increases Invasiveness Among Experimental Populations of Duckweed ().

Numerous management methods are deployed to try to mitigate the destructive impact of weedy and invasive populations. Yet, such management practices may cause these populations to inadvertently evolve in ways that have consequence on their invasiveness. To test this idea, we conducted a two-step field mesocosm experiment; we evolved genetically diverse populations of the duckweed to targeted removal management and then tested the impact of that evolution in replicated invasions into experimental resident communities.

Worse survival and higher rates of relapse in U.S. Armenians with papillary thyroid cancer.

Objectives: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype of thyroid cancer with overall favorable survival. Currently, little is known about the PTC experience within the United States (U.S.

SOPRANO: Macitentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension following left ventricular assist device implantation.

Macitentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). SOPRANO evaluated the efficacy and safety of macitentan versus placebo in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. SOPRANO was a phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

Everyday functioning as a predictor of cognitive status in a group of community-dwelling, predominantly Black adults.

Introduction: We examined whether the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) and Everyday Cognition Scale-12 (ECog-12) dichotomized cognitive groups in a sample of predominantly Black adults.

Methods: Two hundred forty-six community-dwelling adults (95% Black, age 50+) completed cognitive testing, the PASS, and the ECog. Cognitive groups (probable vs unlikely cognitive impairment) were determined by performance on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination.

Exploring patient perspectives on shared decision making about bariatric surgery in two healthcare systems.

Objective: To assess patient perspectives on the level of shared decision making (SDM) experienced related to bariatric surgery.

Background: Severe obesity is common and has serious health implications. Yet, few eligible patients pursue bariatric surgery.

Evaluating the current breadth of randomized control trials on cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Objectives: Despite the significant disease burden due to cardiac arrest, there is a relative paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to inform definitive management. We aimed to evaluate the current scope of cardiac arrest RCTs published between 2015 and 2022.

Methods: We conducted a search in October 2023 of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for cardiac arrest RCTs.

Disentangling the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project: Study design and methodology.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are no effective treatments targeting these symptoms.

Methods: To facilitate identification of causative mechanistic pathways, we initiated an effort (NIH: U01AG079850) to collate, harmonize, and analyze all available NPS data (≈ 100,000 samples) of diverse ancestries with whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).

Small cell lung cancer associated small bowel obstruction, a diagnostic conundrum: A case report.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a neuroendocrine aggressive subtype of lung cancer, is associated with paraneoplastic disorders in about 9% of patients. In this report, we describe a middle-aged man who presented with chronic bowel obstruction caused by chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) due to SCLC.

Circulating sphingolipids in relation to cognitive decline and incident dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Introduction: Whether circulating levels of sphingolipids are prospectively associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk is uncertain.

Methods: We measured 14 sphingolipid species in plasma samples from 4488 participants (mean age 76.2 years; 40% male; and 25% apolipoprotein E ( ε4 allele carriers).

Scapular morphology does not predict supraspinatus tendon tear propagation following an individualised exercise therapy programme.

Purpose: To determine whether scapular morphology could predict isolated supraspinatus tendon tear propagation after exercise therapy. We hypothesised that a larger critical shoulder angle (CSA) and type III acromial morphology predict a positive change in tear size.

Methods: Fifty-nine individuals aged 40-70 years with isolated symptomatic high-grade partial or full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears were included.

ChatGPT can yield valuable responses in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery.

Purpose: To assess the possibility of using Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) specifically in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery by questions posed to ChatGPT and to evaluate responses (correctness, completeness and adaptiveness) by orthopaedic trauma surgeons.

Methods: ChatGPT (GPT-4 of 12 May 2023) was asked to address 34 common orthopaedic trauma surgery-related questions and generate responses suited to three target groups: patient, nonorthopaedic medical doctor and expert orthopaedic surgeon. Three orthopaedic trauma surgeons independently assessed ChatGPT's responses by using a three-point response scale with a response range between 0 and 2, where a higher number indicates better performance (correctness, completeness and adaptiveness).

A C-H functionalization approach to diverse nitrogenous scaffolds through conjugate addition of catalytic allyliron nucleophiles.

Cyclopentadienyliron(ii) dicarbonyl complexes capable of coordinating to and enhancing the acidity of a range of unsaturated substrates have emerged as a new class of base-metal derived catalysts for C-H functionalization. In this manuscript, the iron-catalyzed C-H functionalization of allylic C(sp)-H bonds using nitrogen containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as coupling partners is reported. Employing a cationic cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl complex, this redox neutral process converts simple alkenes into allylic anion equivalents for 1,4-addition into maleimides, acyclic α,β-unsaturated imides, and vinylogous amides.

Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment: A longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives: Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long COVID. Perspectives on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory function. Few studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute recovery.

A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research, Part 6: How to evaluate the performance of AI research?

Unlabelled: Artificial intelligence's (AI) accelerating progress demands rigorous evaluation standards to ensure safe, effective integration into healthcare's high-stakes decisions. As AI increasingly enables prediction, analysis and judgement capabilities relevant to medicine, proper evaluation and interpretation are indispensable. Erroneous AI could endanger patients; thus, developing, validating and deploying medical AI demands adhering to strict, transparent standards centred on safety, ethics and responsible oversight.

Heterogeneity in breeding productivity is driven largely by factors affecting nestlings and young fledglings in an imperiled migratory passerine.

Identifying factors that drive variation in vital rates among populations is a prerequisite to understanding a species' population biology and, ultimately, to developing effective conservation strategies. This is especially true for imperiled species like the golden-winged warbler () that exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity in demography and responds variably to conservation interventions. Habitat management actions recommended for breeding grounds conservation include timber harvest, shrub shearing, and prescribed fire that maintain or create early successional woody communities.

Suboptimal self-reported sleep efficiency and duration are associated with faster accumulation of brain amyloid beta in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Introduction: This study investigated whether self-reported sleep quality is associated with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation.

Methods: Linear mixed effect model analyses were conducted for 189 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults (mean ± standard deviation 74.0 ± 6.

Thoracic ultrasound may improve paramedic diagnostic and management accuracy in undifferentiated respiratory distress.

Objectives: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbations present with similar history and physical examination findings. This complicates both the diagnostic process and the creation of appropriate treatment plans for patients presenting in respiratory distress, particularly in the prehospital setting. Thoracic point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) may increase diagnostic accuracy; however, its potential to improve patient management by emergency medical services clinicians is unknown.

Cognitive and functional performance and plasma biomarkers of early Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.

Introduction: People with Down syndrome (DS) have a 75% to 90% lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD pathology begins a decade or more prior to onset of clinical AD dementia in people with DS. It is not clear if plasma biomarkers of AD pathology are correlated with early cognitive and functional impairments in DS, and if these biomarkers could be used to track the early stages of AD in DS or to inform inclusion criteria for clinical AD treatment trials.