Head and neck cancer survivorship consensus statement from the American Head and Neck Society.

Objectives: To provide a consensus statement describing best practices and evidence regarding head and neck cancer survivorship.

Methods: Key topics regarding head and neck cancer survivorship were identified by the multidisciplinary membership of the American Head and Neck Society Survivorship, Supportive Care & Rehabilitation Service. Guidelines were generated by combining expert opinion and a review of the literature and categorized by level of evidence.

Reactive arthritis and silent thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection: Case report and review of the literature.

SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the development of reactive arthritis (ReA) days to weeks following exposure or infection. We present a case of ReA with enthesitis and subsequent silent thyroiditis in a patient following infection with SARS-CoV-2, along with a review of the published cases of SARS-CoV-2-related ReA.

The soil microbiome increases plant survival and modifies interactions with root endosymbionts in the field.

Evidence is accumulating that the soil microbiome-the community of microorganisms living in soils-has a major effect on plant traits and fitness. However, most work to date has taken place under controlled laboratory conditions and has not experimentally disentangled the effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance from the effects of key endosymbiotic constituents. As a result, it is difficult to extrapolate from existing data to understand the role of the soil microbiome in natural plant populations.

Categorizing metadata to help mobilize computable biomedical knowledge.

Introduction: Computable biomedical knowledge artifacts (CBKs) are digital objects conveying biomedical knowledge in machine-interpretable structures. As more CBKs are produced and their complexity increases, the value obtained from sharing CBKs grows. Mobilizing CBKs and sharing them widely can only be achieved if the CBKs are findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable, and trustable (FAIR+T).

Demographic Influences on the Relationship Between Fatigue and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Fatigue has a major impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives: To determine whether demographic characteristics modify the relationship between fatigue and HR-QOL.

Methods: Patients with PD in the Fox Insight study completed the Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).

Relative associations of abdominal and thigh compositions with cardiometabolic diseases in African Caribbean men.

Background: Regional body compositions are differentially associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Simultaneous inclusion of both upper and lower body composition predictors in models is not often done, and studies which do include both measures (1) tend to exclude some tissue(s) of potential metabolic relevance, and (2) have used study populations with underrepresentation of individuals with African ancestries. Further, most body composition analyses do not employ compositional data analytic approaches, which may result in spurious associations.

Normative data for ages 18-45 for ocular motor and vestibular testing using eye tracking.

Objective: Eye tracking technology has been employed in assessing ocular motor and vestibular function following vestibular and neurologic conditions, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Assessments include tests that provide visual and motion (rotation) stimuli while recording horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements. While some of these tests have shown diagnostic promise in previous studies, their use in clinical practice is limited by the lack of normative data.

Does MDS-UPDRS Provide Greater Sensitivity to Mild Disease than UPDRS in De Novo Parkinson's Disease?

Background: The Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) was designed to be more sensitive to mild motor severity than the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

Objective: To test whether MDS-UPDRS Part III items provide increased sensitivity to mild motor severity when compared to the same items of the UPDRS in de novo PD patients.

Method: Using a sample of 129 de novo PD patients assessed at one time point simultaneously with both scales, we compared the scale's scores on the 17 items measuring the same motor function.

Broad antiviral and anti-inflammatory efficacy of nafamostat against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses in primary human bronchiolar epithelia.

Antiviral strategies that target host systems needed for SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis may have therapeutic potential and help mitigate resistance development. Here, we evaluate nafamostat mesylate, a potent broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor that blocks host protease activation of the viral spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 is used to infect human polarized mucociliated primary bronchiolar epithelia reconstituted with cells derived from healthy donors, smokers and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Plasma antioxidants and risk of dementia in older adults.

Introduction: Plant-based diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with lower risk of dementia, but the specific role of antioxidants, a key class of bioactive phytochemicals, has not been well ascertained.

Methods: We measured antioxidants in a case-cohort study nested within the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. We included 996 randomly selected participants and 521 participants who developed dementia, of which 351 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during a median of 5.

Inorganic polyphosphates stimulates matrix production in human annulus fibrosus cells.

Introduction: Ubiquitously found in all life forms, inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are linear polymers of repeated orthophosphate units. Present in intervertebral disc tissue, polyP was previously shown to increase extracellular matrix production in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. However, the effects of polyP on human annulus fibrosus (hAF) cell metabolism is not known.

Markers of early changes in cognition across cohorts of adults with Down syndrome at risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS), a genetic variant of early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), lacks a suitable outcome measure for prevention trials targeting pre-dementia stages.

Methods: We used cognitive test data collected in several longitudinal aging studies internationally from 312 participants with DS without dementia to identify composites that were sensitive to change over time. We then conducted additional analyses to provide support for the utility of the composites.

Dynamics of hepatic steatosis resolution and changes in gut microbiome with weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Weight loss is recommended as the primary treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the magnitude and velocity of hepatic steatosis resolution with weight loss is unclear, making it difficult to counsel patients seeking weight loss for treatment of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of hepatic steatosis improvement and stool microbiome changes associated with rapid diet-induced weight loss in NAFLD.

Mild cognitive impairment and major depressive disorder are associated with molecular senescence abnormalities in older adults.

Introduction: The biological mechanisms linking mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and major depressive disorder are not well understood. We investigated whether molecular senescence changes in older adults are associated with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) or MCI.

Methods: We included 371 participants: 167 with MCI; 62 cognitively normal with a history of MDD; 97 with MDD+MCI; and 45 cognitively unimpaired (CU) without a history of MDD.

Translating COVID-19 knowledge to practice: Enhancing emergency medicine using the "wisdom of crowds".

In the spring of 2020, emergency physicians found themselves in new, uncharted territory as there were few data available for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. In response, knowledge was being crowd sourced and shared across online platforms. The "wisdom of crowds" is an important vehicle for sharing information and expertise.

Patterns of glucose hypometabolism in Down syndrome resemble sporadic Alzheimer's disease except for the putamen.

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the relationship between cognition and glucose metabolism in this population has yet to be evaluated.

Methods: Adults with DS (N = 90; mean age [standard deviation] = 38.0 [8.

Effects of suppressing bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor on age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration.

Suppression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway reduces age-related disorders and increases lifespan across species, making the IGF-1 pathway a key regulator of aging. Previous in vitro intervertebral disc cell studies have reported the pro-anabolic effect of exogenously adding IGF-1 on matrix production. However, the overall effects of suppressing IGF-1 signaling on age-related intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is not known.

Comparison of mindful and slow eating strategies on acute energy intake.

Mindfulness and slow eating techniques are commonly recommended to achieve weight loss within behavioural weight management programmes; yet the role of these eating strategies on acute energy intake (EI) and satiety are not clear. This study investigated the effects of mindful and slow eating strategies on acute EI and satiety. Twenty-four participants were randomized to one of three eating conditions (EAT, MIND, SLOW).

Model organism development and evaluation for late-onset Alzheimer's disease: MODEL-AD.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia, disability, and death in the elderly. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the basic biological mechanisms underlying AD, we do not know how to prevent it, nor do we have an approved disease-modifying intervention. Both are essential to slow or stop the growth in dementia prevalence.

Relationship of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tau deposition in Neurodegeneration in Aging Down Syndrome (NiAD) study at baseline.

Importance: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at high-risk of revealing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, in part due to the triplication of chromosome 21 encoding the amyloid precursor protein. Adults with DS are uniformly affected by AD pathology by their 30's and have a 70% to 80% chance of clinical dementia by their 60's. Our previous studies have assessed longitudinal changes in amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in DS.

The AT(N) framework for Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.

The National Institute on Aging in conjunction with the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) recently proposed a biological framework for defining the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. This new framework is based upon the key AD biomarkers (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, AT[N]) instead of clinical symptoms and represents the latest understanding that the pathological processes underlying AD begin decades before the manifestation of symptoms. By using these same biomarkers, individuals with Down syndrome (DS), who are genetically predisposed to developing AD, can also be placed more precisely along the AD continuum.

Associations of equol-producing status with white matter lesion and amyloid-β deposition in cognitively normal elderly Japanese.

Introduction: Equol, a metabolite of a soy isoflavone transformed by the gut microbiome, is anti-oxidant and anti-amyloidogenic. We assessed the associations of equol with white matter lesion normalized to total brain volume (WML%) and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition.

Methods: From 2016 to 2018, 91 cognitively normal elderly Japanese aged 75 to 89 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography using C-Pittsburgh compound-B.