Discriminative accuracy of the A/T/N scheme to identify cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The optimal combination of amyloid-β/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) biomarker profiles for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is unclear.

Methods: We examined the discriminative accuracy of A/T/N combinations assessed with neuroimaging biomarkers for the differentiation of AD from cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly and non-AD neurodegenerative diseases in the TRIAD, BioFINDER-1 and BioFINDER-2 cohorts (total  = 832) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).

Results: For the diagnosis of AD dementia (vs.

"Not just a checkbox": A qualitative study of the resident scholarly experience.

Objectives: Scholarship is a requirement of residency training; however, the scholarly productivity of trainees is highly variable. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of residents who have been highly productive in scholarship.

Methods: We performed a qualitative study using a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm and conducted semistructured interviews at seven Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited emergency medicine residency programs in the United States.

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of fatty acid-binding protein 3 are associated with likelihood of amyloidopathy in cognitively healthy individuals.

Introduction: Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a biomarker of neuronal membrane disruption, associated with lipid dyshomeostasis-a notable Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiological change. We assessed the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FABP3 levels with brain amyloidosis and the likelihood/risk of developing amyloidopathy in cognitively healthy individuals.

Methods: FABP3 levels were measured in CSF samples of cognitively healthy participants, > 60 years of age ( = 142), from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL).

A phase Ⅱ prospective trial of photobiomodulation therapy in limiting oral mucositis in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the historical incidence rate of severe oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck cancer patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) versus a prospective cohort of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with prophylactic photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT).

Methods: This US-based, institutional, single-arm, phase Ⅱ prospective clinical trial was initiated in 50 patients (age ≥ 18 years, Karnofsky Performance Scale Index > 60, with locally advanced HNSCC (excluding oral cavity) receiving definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy (CT). PBMT was delivered three times per week throughout RT utilizing both an intraoral as well extraoral delivery system.

Psychosocial predictors of problematic eating in young adults who underwent adolescent bariatric surgery.

Introduction: This study examined problematic eating and eating-related psychopathology among young adults who underwent adolescent bariatric surgery including concurrent and prospective associations with psychosocial factors and weight change.

Methods: VIEW point is a 6-year follow-up study within a prospective observational study series observing adolescents with severe obesity who had bariatric surgery ( = 139) or who presented to nonsurgical lifestyle modification programs ( = 83). Participants completed height/weight measurements, questionnaires, and diagnostic interviews.

Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia.

Introduction: To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia.

Methods: Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114).

Results: Over a median 4.

Exploring discordant low amyloid beta and high neocortical tau positron emission tomography cases.

Introduction: Neocortical 3R4R (3-repeat/4-repeat) tau aggregates are rarely observed in the absence of amyloid beta (Aβ). F-MK6240 binds specifically to the 3R4R form of tau that is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report four cases with negative Aβ, but positive tau positron emission tomography (PET) findings.

Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and transcriptomic analysis of chronic levetiracetam treatment in 5XFAD mice: A MODEL-AD preclinical testing core study.

Introduction: Hyperexcitability and epileptiform activity are commonplace in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and associated with impaired cognitive function. The anti-seizure drug levetiracetam (LEV) is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for ability to reduce epileptiform activity and improve cognitive function in AD. The purpose of our studies was to establish a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship with LEV in an amyloidogenic mouse model of AD to enable predictive preclinical to clinical translation, using the rigorous preclinical testing pipeline of the Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Preclinical Testing Core.

Myocardin-related transcription factor's interaction with serum-response factor is critical for outgrowth initiation, progression, and metastatic colonization of breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer (BC)-related mortality primarily results from metastatic colonization of disseminated cells. Actin polymerization plays an important role in driving post-extravasation metastatic outgrowth of tumor cells. This study examines the role of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum-response (SRF), a transcription system well known for regulation of cytoskeletal genes, in metastatic colonization of BC cells.

Genetic confirmation of a hybrid between two highly divergent cardinalid species: A rose-breasted grosbeak () and a scarlet tanager ().

Using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, analysis of vocalizations, and inferences from natural history, we document a first-generation hybrid between a rose-breasted grosbeak () and a scarlet tanager (). These two species occur sympatrically throughout much of eastern North America, although were not previously known to interbreed. Following the field identification of a putative hybrid, we use genetic and bioacoustic data to show that a rose-breasted grosbeak was the maternal parent and a scarlet tanager was the paternal parent of the hybrid, whose song was similar to the latter species.

Managing surgery in hemophilia with recombinant factor VIII Fc and factor IX Fc: Data on safety and effectiveness from phase 3 pivotal studies.

Background: Surgical procedures impose hemostatic risk to people with hemophilia, which may be minimized by optimal factor (F) replacement therapy.

Methods: This analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of extended half-life factor replacement recombinant FVIII and FIX Fc fusion proteins (rFVIIIFc and rFIXFc) during surgery in phase 3 pivotal (A-LONG/Kids A-LONG and B-LONG/Kids B-LONG) and extension (ASPIRE and B-YOND) studies. Dosing regimens were determined by investigators.

Illustrated State-of-the-Art Capsules of the ISTH 2022 Congress.

The ISTH London 2022 Congress is the first held (mostly) face-to-face again since the COVID-19 pandemic took the world by surprise in 2020. For 2 years we met virtually, but this year's in-person format will allow the ever-so-important and quintessential creativity and networking to flow again. What a pleasure and joy to be able to see everyone! Importantly, all conference proceedings are also streamed (and available recorded) online for those unable to travel on this occasion.

Improved hospitalization rates in a specialty center for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction can be complicated by pulmonary hypertension. We designed a retrospective study to provide supporting evidence for referral to specialty care centers. Specialty care centers improved hospitalizations but not mortality-in part due to more aggressive medication management and guideline-directed monitoring.

Percutaneous lumbar annular puncture: A rat model to study intervertebral disc degeneration and pain-related behavior.

Background: Previous animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) rely on open surgical approaches, which confound the degenerative response and pain behaviors due to injury to surrounding tissues during the surgical approach. To overcome these challenges, we developed a minimally invasive percutaneous puncture procedure to induce IDD in a rat model.

Methods: Ten Fischer 344 male rats underwent percutaneous annular puncture of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) at L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5.

Investigation into the anti-inflammatory properties of metformin in intervertebral disc cells.

Introduction: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is closely related to heightened inflammation in the annulus fibrosis (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in the intervertebral disc. An imbalanced matrix homeostasis has been shown to contribute to disc degeneration and associated discogenic low back pain. Metformin, a diabetes medication, has been noted to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties through upregulation of the AMPK pathway, leading to various anti-inflammatory-related responses in hepatocytes.

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: An early career researcher perspective.

The field of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is evolving rapidly. Research in VCID encompasses topics aiming to understand, prevent, and treat the detrimental effects of vascular disease burden in the human brain. In this perspective piece, early career researchers (ECRs) in the field provide an overview of VCID, discuss past and present efforts, and highlight priorities for future research.

Development of a rehabilitation researcher survey of knowledge and interest in learning health systems research.

Introduction: LeaRRn, an NIH-funded rehabilitation resource center, is dedicated to developing learning health systems (LHS) research competencies within the rehabilitation community. To appropriately target resources and training opportunities for rehabilitation researchers, we developed and pilot tested a survey based on AHRQ LHS research core competencies to assess the training needs of rehabilitation researchers interested in LHS research.

Methods: Survey items were developed by the investigative team and iteratively refined with the assistance of an expert panel using two rounds of content validation.

Plasma p217+tau versus NAV4694 amyloid and MK6240 tau PET across the Alzheimer's continuum.

Introduction: We evaluated a new Simoa plasma assay for phosphorylated tau (P-tau) at aa217 enhanced by additional p-tau sites (p217+tau).

Methods: Plasma p217+tau levels were compared to F-NAV4694 amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and F-MK6240 tau PET in 174 cognitively impaired (CI) and 223 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants.

Results: Compared to Aβ- CU, the plasma levels of p217+tau increased 2-fold in Aβ+ CU and 3.

Cortical atrophy and amyloid and tau deposition in Down syndrome: A longitudinal study.

: The Down syndrome population has a high prevalence for dementia, often showing their first clinical symptoms in their 40s. : In a longitudinal cohort, we investigate whether amyloid deposition at time point 1 (TP1) could predict cortical thickness change at time point 2 (TP2). The association between tau burden and cortical thickness was also examined at time point 3 (TP3).

Masking by health care and public safety workers in non-patient care areas to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review.

Objectives: Wearing a mask is an important method for reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in health care and public safety settings. We assess the evidence regarding masking in the workplace during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic (PROSPERO CRD4202432097).

Methods: We performed a systematic review of published literature from 4 databases and evaluated the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.

Digitally generated Trail Making Test data: Analysis using hidden Markov modeling.

The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a neuropsychological test used to assess cognitive dysfunction. The TMT consists of two parts: TMT-A requires connecting numbers 1 to 25 sequentially; TMT-B requires connecting numbers 1 to 12 and letters A to L sequentially, alternating between numbers and letters. We propose using a digitally recorded version of TMT to capture cognitive or physical functions underlying test performance.

Adaptive learning: Helpful to the flipped classroom in the online environment of COVID?

Flipped instruction in an undergraduate numerical methods course in the online, remote environment during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted with and without the use of adaptive-learning lessons for pre-class preparation. This comparison was made to explore potential differences with and without adaptive software relative to exam and concept inventory performance and student perceptions of the classroom environment, learning and motivation, and benefits and drawbacks. Student perceptions were gathered via the College and University Classroom Environment Inventory (CUCEI) and a survey designed to capture feedback specific to flipped instruction.