Comparative transcriptomic rhythms in the mouse and human prefrontal cortex.

Introduction: Alterations in multiple subregions of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been heavily implicated in psychiatric diseases. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that circadian rhythms in gene expression are present across the brain, including in the PFC, and that these rhythms are altered in disease. However, investigation into the potential circadian mechanisms underlying these diseases in animal models must contend with the fact that the human PFC is highly evolved and specialized relative to that of rodents.

: active learning in neutron reflectometry for fast data acquisition.

Neutron reflectometry (NR) is a powerful technique for interrogating the structure of thin films at interfaces. Because NR measurements are slow and instrument availability is limited, measurement efficiency is paramount. One approach to improving measurement efficiency is active learning (AL), in which the next measurement configurations are selected on the basis of information gained from the partial data collected so far.

Development and Delivery of Enhanced Implementation Support to Disseminate a National Caregiver Skills Training Program.

Background And Objectives: As the population ages there is an increasing need for caregiver training programs, but little is known about how to deliver implementation support for diverse sites in large-scale implementation efforts. External group-based implementation facilitation may be one promising approach. This study's objective is to detail the development and delivery of a pragmatic implementation facilitation approach to support the national rollout of caregiver training, Caregivers FIRST, at over 140 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) sites.

Population imaging of internal state circuits relevant to psychiatric disease: a review.

Internal states involve brain-wide changes that subserve coordinated behavioral and physiological responses for adaptation to changing environments and body states. Investigations of single neurons or small populations have yielded exciting discoveries for the field of neuroscience, but it has been increasingly clear that the encoding of internal states involves the simultaneous representation of multiple different variables in distributed neural ensembles. Thus, an understanding of the representation and regulation of internal states requires capturing large population activity and benefits from approaches that allow for parsing intermingled, genetically defined cell populations.

Utility of a Wearable Tracker to Assess Sleep Quality in Nurses and Their Spouses: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances among nurses engaged in night duty and their spouses need to be improved to ensure their ability to provide care and perform daily tasks. Therefore, an objective investigation is needed to establish a sleep improvement strategy.

Objective: To investigate the utility of a sleep tracker to assess sleep quality in nurses and spouses.

Polyurethane-grafted graphene oxide from repurposed foam mattress waste.

Polyurethanes (PU) make up a large portion of commodity plastics appearing in applications including insulation, footwear, and memory foam mattresses. Unfortunately, as thermoset polymers, polyurethanes lack a clear path for recycling and repurposing, creating a sustainability issue. Herein, using dynamic depolymerization, we demonstrate a simple one-pot synthesis for preparation of an upcycled polyurethane grafted graphene material (PU-GO).

Dual recycling signal amplification strategy based on autocatalytic entropy-driven circuit and DNAzyme for colorimetric detection of platelet-derived growth factor-BB.

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), an important protein biomarker, is closely associated with tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and sensitive method to detect PDGF-BB. Herein, we developed a dual recycling signal amplification strategy for colorimetric and sensitive detection of PDGF-BB using a PDGF-BB specific aptamer.

Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Complex Association With Sleep Health, Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prognostic Markers.

Background: Endothelial function (EndFx) is a core component of cardiovascular (CV) health and cardioprotection following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Hypothesis: AMI patients experience endothelial dysfunction (EndDys), associated with traditional CV risk factors and sleep patterns. EndFx may also predict short and mid-term outcomes.

Advancements in Artificial Intelligence in Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are redefining cardiac imaging by providing advanced tools for analyzing complex health data. AI is increasingly applied across various imaging modalities, including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear imaging, to enhance diagnostic workflows and improve patient outcomes.

Hypothesis: Integrating AI into cardiac imaging enhances image quality, accelerates processing times, and improves diagnostic accuracy, enabling timely and personalized interventions that lead to better health outcomes.

Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is a leading non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. The 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein and positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging target that is highly expressed in MS brain lesions. It is used as an inflammatory biomarker and has been proposed as a therapeutic target.

Relationship between psychological empowerment, physical activity enjoyment, and response to a HIIT Program in physically inactive young women: a prospective multicentre study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of psychological empowerment and enjoyment of physical activity with changes in physical activity levels, sleep quality, and muscular endurance following a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program in physically inactive young women.

Methods: A total of 61 physically inactive young women (age: 20.1 ± 2.

Antenatal care and breastfeeding practices in Sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of demographic and health surveys.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immediate breastfeeding (within the first hour after birth) and exclusive breastfeeding (for the first six months of life), particularly in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. In 2016, WHO updated its antenatal care (ANC) guidelines, recommending at least eight (8+) ANC contacts during pregnancy to improve maternal and child health outcomes. This study investigates i) trends in breastfeeding practices across sub-Saharan Africa following the rollout of the revised WHO 2016 ANC policy and ii) the relationship between ANC uptake and exclusive or early breastfeeding.

Antifouling Zwitterionic Polymer Coatings for Blood-Bearing Medical Devices.

Blood-bearing medical devices are essential for the delivery of critical care medicine and are often required to function for weeks to months. However, thrombus formation on their surfaces can lead to reduced device function and failure and expose patients to systemic thrombosis risks. While clinical anticoagulants reduce device related thrombosis, they also increase patient bleeding risk.

Multimodal Therapy May be Key to Improving Survival for Octogenarians Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An American Multicenter Analysis.

Background: As the population ages, the number of octogenarians with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to rise. Morbidity and mortality following pancreatectomy have improved owing to safer surgery and better chemoradiation regimens. This study compares the outcomes and multimodality utilization in octogenarians (≥80 years) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC, with a younger cohort.

Rethinking the residual approach: leveraging statistical learning to operationalize cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive resilience (CR) describes the phenomenon of individuals evading cognitive decline despite prominent Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Operationalization and measurement of this latent construct is non-trivial as it cannot be directly observed. The residual approach has been widely applied to estimate CR, where the degree of resilience is estimated through a linear model's residuals.

Exposomics: a review of methodologies, applications, and future directions in molecular medicine.

The exposome is the measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. Exposomics is the emerging field of research to measure and study the totality of the exposome. Exposomics can assist with molecular medicine by furthering our understanding of how the exposome influences cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications, metabolic pathways, and immune responses.

Association between sleep quality and serum biomarkers among long-term hot spring bathers: a cross-sectional study.

Previous studies investigating the influence of hot spring bathing on sleep quality have predominantly focused on the short-term effects through questionnaire surveys without blood collection for biochemical tests. Here, we undertook a comprehensive investigation of the long-term health effects of hot spring bathing among the residents of Hot Spring Village. A total of 140 participants were enrolled, and their demographic characteristics and the patterns of hot spring bathing were obtained via face-to-face interview, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Optimal life-cycle adaptation of coastal infrastructure under climate change.

Climate change-related risk mitigation is typically addressed using cost-benefit analysis that evaluates mitigation strategies against a wide range of simulated scenarios and identifies a static policy to be implemented, without considering future observations. Due to the substantial uncertainties inherent in climate projections, this identified policy will likely be sub-optimal with respect to the actual climate trajectory that evolves in time. In this work, we thus formulate climate risk management as a dynamic decision-making problem based on Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and Partially Observable MDPs (POMDPs), taking real-time data into account for evaluating the evolving conditions and related model uncertainties, in order to select the best possible life-cycle actions in time, with global optimality guarantees for the formulated optimization problem.

Finding gaps in the national electric vehicle charging station coverage of the United States.

The United States federal government has invested $7.5 billion into charging infrastructure, including the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Program, to build fast charging stations along designated highways for long-distance car travel. We develop a consecutive coverage metric to compute the percent of United States roads (traffic-weighted) that are consecutively accessible within 500 miles of each county.

Scaling of ventral hippocampal activity during anxiety.

The hippocampus supports a multiplicity of functions, with the dorsal region contributing to spatial representations and memory, and the ventral hippocampus (vH) being primarily involved in emotional processing. While spatial encoding has been extensively investigated, how the vH activity is tuned to emotional states, e.g.

The Association of Epstein-Barr Virus Donor and Recipient Serostatus With Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Prior studies indicate that 1% to 4% of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative recipients of EBV-seropositive donor (EBV D+/R-) kidneys develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). However, these estimates are based on limited data that lack granularity.

Objective: To determine the associations between pretransplant EBV D+/R- and recipient EBV-seropositive status (R+) and the outcomes of PTLD and graft and patient survival among adult kidney transplant recipients.

Ultralight wheelchair part failures are associated with sensor-monitored road shocks: A pilot study.

Wheelchair part failures and repairs have significantly increased over the last decade, leading to severe consequences for wheelchair users. Servicing these devices by wheelchair repair technicians has reduced part failures. However, no tools or technologies have been developed to support servicing in practice.

White matter connections within the central sulcus subserving the somato-cognitive action network.

The somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) consists of three nodes interspersed within Penfield's motor effector regions. The configuration of the somato-cognitive action network nodes resembles the one of the 'plis de passage' of the central sulcus: small gyri bridging the precentral and postcentral gyri. Thus, we hypothesize that these may provide a structural substrate of the somato-cognitive action network.