Within-person affect dynamics among individuals in residential treatment for opioid use disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Ecological momentary assessment is increasingly leveraged to better understand affective processes underlying substance use disorder treatment and recovery. Research in this area has yielded novel insights into the roles of mean levels of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in precipitating drug craving and substance use in daily life. Little of the extant substance use disorder treatment research, however, considers dynamic patterns of PA and NA, separately or in relation to one another, or how such patterns may differ from those observed among nonclinical samples.

Prehospital endotracheal intubation success rates for critical care nurses versus paramedics.

Objectives: Prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a lifesaving procedure with known complications. To reduce ETI-associated morbidity and mortality, organizations prioritize first-pass success (FPS). However, there are few data evaluating the association of FPS with clinician licensure.

Children's executive functioning and health behaviors across pediatric life stages and ecological contexts.

Executive functioning (EF) has been linked to chronic disease risk in children. Health behaviors are thought to partially explain this association. The current cross-sectional study evaluated specific domains of EF and varied health behaviors in three pediatric life stages.

Circulating metabolomic biomarkers of 5-year body weight and composition change in a biracial cohort of community-dwelling older adults.

Unintentional weight loss in older populations is linked to greater mortality and morbidity risks. This study aims to understand the metabolic mechanisms of unintentional weight loss and their relationship with body composition changes in older adults. We investigated plasma metabolite associations with weight and body composition changes over 5 years in 1335 participants (mean age 73.

Pain Coping Skills Training for Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The HOPE Consortium Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic pain is common among individuals with dialysis-dependent kidney failure.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pain coping skills training (PCST), a cognitive behavioral intervention, on pain interference.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter randomized clinical trial of PCST vs usual care was conducted across 16 academic centers and 103 outpatient dialysis facilities in the US.

Robotic mitral valve surgery: evolving history, techniques, and training paths.

Purpose Of Review: Over the past 25 years, robotic-assisted mitral valve surgery has gained significant recognition because of its potential to minimize patient trauma and improve clinical outcomes. This field has evolved from early efforts in minimally invasive mitral procedures to more refined and technically sophisticated approaches, driven by the need for smaller incisions and reduced recovery times.

Recent Findings: This review will delve into the historical evolution of robotic-assisted mitral valve surgery, detailing the technical advancements that have shaped current practices and outlining the essential training pathways for a career as robotic mitral valve surgeon.

A yeast-assembled, plasmid-launched reverse genetics system for the murine coronavirus MHV-A59.

The murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is an important model system for studying coronavirus (CoV) molecular and cell biology. Despite this, few reagents for MHV are available through repositories such as ATCC or Addgene, potentially limiting the widespread adoption of MHV as a tractable model system. To overcome some challenges inherent in the existing MHV reverse genetics systems, we developed a plasmid-launched transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning-based system to assemble the MHV (strain A59; MHV-A59) genome.

Outcomes of Immunotherapy Treatment in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma.

Background: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma has poor survival despite multimodality treatment. While the impact of immunotherapy (IT) on metastatic cutaneous melanoma is well-defined, there are relatively little data on sinonasal mucosal melanoma.

Objective: We sought to define immunotherapy outcomes in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma.

A mechanistic model for determining factors that influence inorganic nitrogen fate in corn cultivation.

Conventional practices for inorganic nitrogen fertilizer are highly inefficient leading to excess nitrogen in the environment. Excess environmental nitrogen induces ecological (, hypoxia, eutrophication) and public health (, nitrate contaminated drinking water) consequences, motivating adoption of management strategies to improve fertilizer use efficiency. Yet, how to limit the environmental impacts from inorganic nitrogen fertilizer while maintaining crop yields is a persistent challenge.

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes of Cystic vs. Solid Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multi-Institutional Experience with 1727 Patients.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of cystic and solid pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs).

Summary Background Data: PanNETs uncommonly present as cystic lesions. Whether cystic PanNETs represent a distinct clinical entity compared to solid PanNETs is controversial.

Long-term Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults After Surgery: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Introduction: Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a common, but often unrecognized condition after surgery. We evaluate postsurgical cognitive changes in a longitudinal population-based study.

Methods: The study cohort comprises an age-stratified population-based random sample of individuals aged 65+ years from a small-town region of the United States.

The need for better metrics for floor-tile topography: Conventional metrics correlate only modestly with shoe-floor friction.

Roughness metrics measured with stylus profilometry are commonly used to explain a floor's friction performance, yet these metrics inconsistently predict shoe-floor friction. While strong correlations have been shown for systematically modified flooring, the goal of this study is to address a gap regarding the predictive ability of these metrics across heterogeneous porcelain flooring products. The predictive ability of four roughness metrics on oily friction performance was assessed using 23 floors and 4 shoe designs.

Physiologic and structural characterization of desisobutyryl-ciclesonide, a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator in newborn rats.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the most prevalent chronic lung disease of prematurity, is often treated with glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX), but their use is encumbered with several adverse somatic, metabolic, and neurologic effects. We previously reported that systemic delivery of the GC prodrug ciclesonide (CIC) in neonatal rats activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional responses in lung but did not trigger multiple adverse effects caused by DEX. To determine whether limited systemic metabolism of CIC was solely responsible for its enhanced safety profile, we treated neonatal rats with its active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (Des-CIC).

Oral health and sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral health and sleep quality are critical components of overall health, but their relationship remains poorly understood. The present meta-analysis therefore investigates the association between oral health and sleep quality, synthesizing evidence from diverse populations. To this aim, a comprehensive search strategy identified 311 articles, from which 8 studies encompassing 18 comparisons met the inclusion criteria.

Medical students' perceptions of mentorship in cardiothoracic surgery: A Thoracic Surgery Medical Student Association Nationwide Survey.

Objective: The study objective was to explore medical students' perceptions of mentorship in cardiothoracic surgery in the United States.

Methods: A voluntary, anonymous electronic survey was distributed to medical students through the Thoracic Surgery Medical Student Association. The survey included 28 questions across 4 domains: demographic information, current mentorship status, goals and qualities sought in mentorship, and self-reported barriers to mentorship.

Intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.

Objective: To describe intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.

Methods: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was queried. Predictors of intraoperative cardiac arrest were assessed using univariate and multivariable analyses.

Pharmacological Vitamin C-induced high HO generation mediates apoptotic cell death by caspase 3/7 activation in breast cancer tumor spheroids.

Background: Pharmacological vitamin C (Vit-C), or high-dose Vit-C has recently gained attention as a potential cancer therapeutic. However, the anticancer activity of Vit-C has not been investigated in realistic 3D models of human cancers, especially with respect to breast cancer (BC), and its potential benefits remain under debate. Herein, we investigate the activity and mechanism of action of pharmacological Vit-C on two BC tumor spheroids.

Proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite heterostructures.

Proximity ferroelectricity is an interface-associated phenomenon in electric-field-driven polarization reversal in a non-ferroelectric polar material induced by one or more adjacent ferroelectric materials. Here we report proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite ferroelectric heterostructures. In the present case, the non-ferroelectric layers are AlN and ZnO, whereas the ferroelectric layers are AlBN, AlScN and ZnMgO.

A foundation model of transcription across human cell types.

Transcriptional regulation, which involves a complex interplay between regulatory sequences and proteins, directs all biological processes. Computational models of transcription lack generalizability to accurately extrapolate to unseen cell types and conditions. Here we introduce GET (general expression transformer), an interpretable foundation model designed to uncover regulatory grammars across 213 human fetal and adult cell types.

Egg consumption, sleep, and mental health status among women with type II diabetes.

To evaluate if egg consumption is associated with sleep quality and psychological health (depression, anxiety, and stress) in women with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on women with type 2 diabetes (n = 230). Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were measured.

Percutaneous coronary intervention for stable late ST-elevation myocardial infarction with symptoms onset between 12 and 72 h - A systematic review.

Background: There exists clinical equipoise regarding whether and when an invasive approach should be preferred over conservative treatment in the management of stable late ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting within 12 to 72 h of symptom onset.

Objective: To perform a systematic review to identify the most effective treatment strategy between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical therapy in stable late STEMI presenters by comparing their respective outcomes as well as determine the optimal timing of PCI by evaluating the outcomes of urgent versus non-urgent PCI approach in this patient population.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried from inception until March 2024 for studies comparing the outcomes of PCI versus medical therapy, as well as urgent versus non-urgent PCI, in stable late STEMI patients presenting with symptom onset within 12-72 h.

Regulation of mutant huntingtin mitochondrial toxicity by phosphomimetic mutations within its N-terminal region.

Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 30,000 people in the United States, with 200,000 more at risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) drives early HD pathophysiology. mHTT binds the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) complex, inhibiting mitochondrial protein import and altering the mitochondrial proteome.