Virtual reality as a chemotherapy support in treatment of anxiety and fatigue in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis and future research directions.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the effectiveness of virtual reality intervention as an aid for treatment-related anxiety and fatigue in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The term chemotherapy was assumed without distinction regarding type.

Methods: The inclusion criteria were (1) randomised controlled trials or crossover studies, (2) adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, (3) treatment with VR scenarios providing distraction during chemotherapy, and (4) with pain, anxiety, fatigue, fear, or symptom distress as the measured outcomes.

Physical Fitness of School-Age Children after Cancer Treatment.

The aim of the study was to assess physical fitness of school-age children after cancer treatment. The study was comprised of one hundred and fifty six children-children after cancer treatment ( = 71, mean age 11.22 ± 3.

Impact of Physical Training on Sex Hormones and Their Receptors During -Methyl--nitrosourea-induced Carcinogenesis in Rats.

Background/aim: The risk of breast cancer is related to duration of exposure to sex hormones, especially estrogen. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physical training (PT) on estrogen and progesterone levels and expression of their receptors during carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in rats.

Materials And Methods: Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered MNU and divided into four groups: low-, moderate-, and high-intensity PT, and no PT (control).

The effect of physical training on the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis of Sprague-Dawley rats.

The impact of physical activity on carcinogenesis has been demonstrated in many studies. Taking into account the discrepant results of physical exercise on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer, we aimed to examine the impact of physical training on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-(MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Fifty female rats were divided into four groups according to the intensity of physical activity they undertook.

Body posture of women after breast cancer treatment.

Introduction: Human body posture changes in the course of ontogenesis. The changes are brought about by both internal factors (illness) and external factors (injury). The negative consequences of a medical condition such as breast cancer, together with the treatment process, undoubtedly contribute to disturbance of body posture.

Relation between trunk muscle activity and posture type in women following treatment for breast cancer.

The aim of the work was to determine the activity of trunk muscles in the sagittal plane in relation to body posture type in women treated for breast cancer. Fifty women having undergone treatment for breast cancer, with an average age of 61, participated in the study. All patients were studied by application of the photogrammetric method in order to determine posture; on the basis of the compensation ratio (mu), the examined group was divided into three posture sub-groups: kyphotic (K), lordotic (L) and balanced (R).

Function of muscles of flexors and extensors of the elbow joint in women after treatment of breast cancer.

Background: Limited function of the upper limb is the main problem after radical therapy of breast cancer. The shoulder joint is most commonly affected. However, even the simplest movements involve entire muscle groups.