Challenges of infectious diseases in older adults: From immunosenescence and inflammaging through antibiotic resistance to management strategies.

Infectious diseases in older adults present a significant challenge to the healthcare system, marked by increased morbidity, mortality, and rising costs of care. Age-related changes (ARCs) in the immune system, including immunosenescence and inflammaging, contribute to heightened susceptibility to severe infections and reduced vaccine responsiveness. Additionally, alterations in the normal microbial flora due to aging and factors such as antibiotic therapy predispose older individuals to infections and age-related diseases.

Immunological Profile of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high mortality and disability rates, which are substantially driven by complications. Early brain injury and vasospasm can happen after SAH and are crucial events to prevent and treat to improve prognosis. In recent decades, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in SAH complications, with both innate and adaptive immunity involved in mechanisms of damage after SAH.

Editorial for the Special Issue "Molecular Bases of Senescence".

The increasing life expectancy of populations worldwide represents the most evident success of the last century thanks to varying interacting social and medical achievements [...

The impact of aging in dementia: It is time to refocus attention on the main risk factor of dementia.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia among old age subjects, and despite decades of studies, the underlying etiopathogenetic mechanisms remain unsolved, and no cure is available. The amyloid hypothesis has been recently questioned due to the failure of amyloid-centered treatments. The fact that cognitively normal old age subjects have substantial amyloid deposition in the brain comparable to the levels observed in AD patients suggests that amyloid accumulation may enter into the normal process of aging and what really triggers neuronal death and clinical manifestation is the loss of function due to an energetic failure.

Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic.

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide, with a vast majority of confirmed cases presenting with respiratory symptoms. Potential neurological manifestations and their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been thoroughly established. In this narrative review, we sought to present the neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Acute hematoma expansion after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: risk factors and impact on long-term prognosis.

Introduction: Hematoma expansion (HE) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with short-term mortality, but its impact on long-term prognosis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HE on long-term survival and functional status after spontaneous ICH.

Methods: Consecutive patients admitted with spontaneous ICH were prospectively enrolled and followed up for a minimum of 2 years.

Diabetes drugs in the fight against Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, particularly in old age subjects. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which are known as pathophysiological features of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), have also been demonstrated to have a significant impact on cognitive impairment. Studies have shown that an altered insulin pathway may interact with amyloid-β protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation, both leading factors for AD development.

Common variation in PHACTR1 is associated with susceptibility to cervical artery dissection.

Cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a mural hematoma in a carotid or vertebral artery, is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults although relatively uncommon in the general population (incidence of 2.6/100,000 per year). Minor cervical traumas, infection, migraine and hypertension are putative risk factors, and inverse associations with obesity and hypercholesterolemia are described.

Psychiatry in the emergency room: clinical experience in Perugia.

Background: We examined all psychiatric consultations carried out over 3 years at the Emergency Room (ER) of the hospital of Perugia, with the aim of describing the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with any psychiatric illness and their management. We also assessed the distribution of psychiatric emergencies over this period of observation.

Subjects And Methods: We recruited patients consecutively admitted to the ER, between June the 20th 2011 and June the 20th 2014, for which a psychiatric consultation was required.

Psychiatry in the emergency room: one year period of clinical experience.

Objective: We examined the psychiatric consultations carried out over one year at the Emergency Room (ER) of the hospital of Perugia, with the aim of describing the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with any psychiatric illness and their management. We also assessed the distribution of psychiatric emergencies over this year of observation.

Method: We recruited patients admitted to the ER, between July 2011 and June 2012, for which a psychiatric consultation was required.