Incorporation of the central vein sign into the McDonald criteria.

Background: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently relies on MRI dissemination in time (DIT) and space (DIS), as codified in 2017 McDonald criteria (McD 2017). The central vein sign (CVS) is a proposed MS diagnostic biomarker, but its optimal incorporation into McD 2017 has not been extensively studied.

Objective: Evaluate the diagnostic performance of several methods incorporating CVS into McD 2017 radiological DIS criteria.

Multi-omic network analysis identifies dysregulated neurobiological pathways in opioid addiction.

Background: Opioid addiction is a worldwide public health crisis. In the United States, for example, opioids cause more drug overdose deaths than any other substance. Yet, opioid addiction treatments have limited efficacy, meaning that additional treatments are needed.

ADNI Biomarker Core: A review of progress since 2004 and future challenges.

Background: We describe the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Biomarker Core major activities from October 2004 to March 2024, including biobanking ADNI cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and serum biofluid samples, biofluid analyses for Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in the Biomarker Core and various non-ADNI laboratories, and continuous assessments of pre-analytics.

Results: Validated immunoassay and mass spectrometry-based assays were performed in CSF with a shift to plasma, a more accessible biofluid, as qualified assays became available. Performance comparisons across different CSF and plasma AD biomarker measurement platforms have enriched substantially the ADNI participant database enabling method performance determinations for AD pathology detection and longitudinal assessments of disease progression.

The incidence of pancreatic cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

Background: The lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer in women with a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is not well established. In an international prospective cohort of female carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer from age 40 until 80 years was estimated.

Methods: A total of 8295 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were followed for new cases of pancreatic cancer.

Defining key deprescribing measures from electronic health data: A multisite data harmonization project.

Background: Stopping or reducing risky or unneeded medications ("deprescribing") could improve older adults' health. Electronic health data can support observational and intervention studies of deprescribing, but there are no standardized measures for key variables, and healthcare systems have differing data types and availability. We developed definitions for chronic medication use and discontinuation based on electronic health data and applied them in a case study of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in five diverse US healthcare systems.

Mapping rare protein-coding variants on multi-organ imaging traits.

Human organ structure and function are important endophenotypes for clinical outcomes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common variants associated with phenotypes derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and body. However, the role of rare protein-coding variations affecting organ size and function is largely unknown.

Serological Markers as Predictors of Anti-TNF Response in Children with Crohn's Disease.

Background: To advance personalized medicine in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), we aimed to explore the utility of serological biomarkers in predicting response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Methods: Children with CD were enrolled at initiation of anti-TNF and followed prospectively at 4 and 12 months thereafter, as well as at last follow-up. At baseline, 10 serological markers of the "PROMETHEUS® IBD sgi Diagnostic test" were measured, including pANCA, ASCA IgG and IgA, anti-CBir1, anti-OmpC, anti-A4-Fla2, anti-Fla-X, SAA, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

SOX17-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Children: A Distinct Developmental and Clinical Syndrome.

Objective: To characterize clinical, hemodynamic, imaging, and pathologic findings in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and variants in SRY-box transcription factor 17 (SOX17), a novel risk gene linked to heritable and congenital heart disease-associated PAH.

Study Design: We assembled a multi-institutional cohort of children with PAH and SOX17 variants enrolled in the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNet) and other registries. Subjects were identified through exome and PAH gene panel sequencing.

Associations of Mild Behavioral Impairment Domains with Brain Volumes: Cross-sectional Analysis of Atherosclerosis Risk in Community (ARIC) Study.

Background: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) has been associated with global brain atrophy, but the regional neural correlates of MBI symptoms are less clear, particularly among community-dwelling older individuals without dementia.

Objective: Our objective was to examine the associations of MBI domains with gray matter (GM) volumes in a large population-based sample of older adults without dementia.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1445 community-dwelling older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who underwent detailed neurocognitive assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging in 2011-2013.

The association between surgical start time and spine surgery outcomes.

Objective: Neurosurgical operations, including spine surgeries, often occur outside "normal business hours" due to the urgent or emergent nature of cases. This study investigates the association of surgical start time (SST) with spine surgery outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using electronic health record data from a multi-hospital academic health system from 2017 to 2024.

Real world virologic outcomes in patients with elevated body mass index receiving long acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine.

Background: The first long-acting injectable antiretroviral, cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA-CAB/RPV), was FDA approved in January 2021 for persons with HIV suppressed on their current regimen. Body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 has been identified as a risk factor for virologic failure, however data is limited due to small sample sizes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of BMI on the efficacy of LA-CAB/RPV in a real-world setting.

Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes.

Lethal COVID-19 outcomes are attributed to classic cytokine storm. We revisit this using RNA sequencing of nasopharyngeal and 40 autopsy samples from patients dying of SARS-CoV-2. Subsets of the 100 top-upregulated genes in nasal swabs are upregulated in the heart, lung, kidney, and liver, but not mediastinal lymph nodes.

Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Acute Bronchiolitis Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Ward: Is It a Replicable Experience?

(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, consecutive case series was studied of 26 patients who received H-CPAP on the pediatric ward from October 2022 to February 2023, including a description of patient outcomes and costs.

Nurse-delivered brief behavioral treatment for insomnia in cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of nurse-delivered brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) compared to an attention control, in a heterogeneous sample of cancer survivors to reduce insomnia symptom severity.

Methods: We recruited 132 participants from cancer care clinics, who had an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score ≥ 8. Participants were randomized into two groups: an experimental BBTI group and a healthy eating attention control group.

The Role of Diet in Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of diet quality in children with tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) complicated by tympanostomy tube otorrhea (TTO).

Study Design: Three-day 24-hour diet recall.

Setting: Tertiary care medical center.