825 results match your criteria: "University of Pennsylvania and.[Affiliation]"

Effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on calmness and life engagement in major depressive disorder: post hoc analysis of patient-reported outcomes from clinical trial exit interviews.

J Patient Rep Outcomes

December 2021

Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Background: Though often overlooked, calming patients and increasing their life engagement are key factors in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that adjunctive brexpiprazole increases calmness and life engagement among patients with MDD, based on clinical trial exit interviews.

Methods: This was a pooled analysis of exit interview data from three exploratory, open-label studies of adjunctive brexpiprazole 1-3 mg/day.

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Rationale & Objective: Loss of function of the product of the GSTM1 gene has been implicated in rapid progression of adult chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its role in pediatric CKD has not been previously described.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort examining the association between deletions in GSTM1 and progression of CKD.

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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) are well-established medications used in treating systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as skin conditions such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In rare cases, arrhythmias and conduction system abnormalities, as well as cardiomyopathy, have been reported in association with HCQ/CQ use. Recently, however, the corrected QT interval (QTc)-prolonging potential of these medications, and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP) in particular, have been highlighted in the setting of their experimental use for COVID-19 infection.

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Background: Both short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. We undertook a multistate study to describe the prevalence of selected birth defects by IPI.

Methods: We obtained data from nine population-based state birth defects registries for singleton live births in 2000-2009 among mothers with a previous live birth identified through birth certificates.

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A frequently overlooked factor contributing to traffic crashes is driver medical conditions, including cognitive and physical impairments, which can compromise individuals' ability to drive safely. Clinicians are in a critical position (and often legally mandated) to identify patients with impairments that may affect their driving ability and counsel them on appropriate next steps. However, prior studies revealed that provider-patient discussions about driving occurred relatively infrequently and that clinician recommendations about when patients could resume driving varied substantially (Chen et al.

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Anesthesia Information Management Systems are specialized forms of electronic medical records used by anesthesiologists to automatically and reliably collect, store, and present perioperative patient data. There are no recent academic publications that outline the names and features of AIMS in the current American and Canadian marketplace. An environmental scan was performed to first identify existing AIMS in this marketplace, and then describe and compare these AIMS.

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Exposure to air pollution from cooking with solid fuels has important consequences for public health. This paper focuses on rural north India, where despite robust economic growth and government subsidies, the vast majority of households mainly use solid fuels. We draw on new qualitative and quantitative data collected in the context of a policy environment that dramatically expanded ownership of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) to examine why households are slow to adopt clean fuels in rural north India.

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Despite therapeutic advances for patients with schizophrenia, improving patient outcomes and reducing the cost of care continue to challenge formulary decision makers. To (1) understand the perspectives of formulary decision makers on challenges to optimal schizophrenia population management and (2) identify best practices and recommendations for mitigating these challenges. This mixed-methods study, conducted in a double-blind manner, comprised in-depth telephone interviews with formulary decision makers from February through May 2020, and a web-based follow-on survey that was sent to all participants in October 2020.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating, but it enables us to learn from it and prepare for the next pandemic disease.

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a neuropsychiatric condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic drug that has been shown to reduce ethanol drinking in humans. However, TPM is associated with a variety of adverse effects due to its interaction with many receptor systems and intracellular pathways.

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Objectives: An ostomy results in lifelong quality of life changes for a cancer survivor. We describe the greatest challenges reported from a randomized trial of cancer survivors with stomas (ostomies).

Methods: Cancer survivors with ostomies participating in a multi-site randomized prospective trial of an Ostomy Self-Management Telehealth (OSMT) program versus usual care (UC) were surveyed at six months post accrual.

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Article Synopsis
  • The KDIGO organization has updated its guidelines on blood pressure management in chronic kidney disease (CKD), first issued in 2012, now refined in 2021.
  • The revised guidelines are backed by systematic literature reviews and the GRADE methodology, and include chapters on BP measurement, lifestyle changes, and specific management for different patient groups including adults, kidney transplant recipients, and children.
  • A key recommendation suggests a target systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg for most CKD patients not on dialysis, relying on standardized measurement protocols rather than routine readings.
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In May 2020, the Coalition for Physician Accountability's Work Group on Medical Students in the Class of 2021 Moving Across Institutions for Post Graduate Training (WG) released its final report and recommendations. These recommendations pertain to away rotations, virtual interviews, Electronic Residency Application Service opening for programs and the overall residency timeline, and general communications and attempt to provide clarity and level the playing field during the 2020-2021 residency application cycle. The WG's aims include promoting professional accountability by improving the quality, efficiency, and continuity of the education, training, and assessment of physicians.

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Objective: Our objective was to develop and validate a composite disease flare definition for juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) that would closely approximate the clinical decision made to reinitiate or not reinitiate systemic therapy after therapy de-escalation.

Methods: Retrospective chart reviews of children with SpA who underwent systemic therapy de-escalation of biologic or conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were used to develop and validate the flare outcome. Data on independent cohorts for development (1 center) and validation (4 centers) were collected from large tertiary health care systems.

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Objective: To compare three bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions against hospital outcomes in a referral-based population.

Study Design: Data from the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium were classified by 2018 NICHD, 2019 NRN, and Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) BPD definitions. Multivariable models evaluated the associations between BPD severity and death, tracheostomy, or length of stay, relative to No BPD references.

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Background: Comorbid anxiety is generally associated with poorer response to antidepressant treatment. This post hoc analysis explored the efficacy of esketamine plus an antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with or without comorbid anxiety.

Methods: TRANSFORM-2, a double-blind, flexible-dose, 4-week study (NCT02418585), randomized adults with TRD to placebo or esketamine nasal spray, each with a newly-initiated oral antidepressant.

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Treatment resistance in psychiatry: state of the art and new directions.

Mol Psychiatry

January 2022

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Treatment resistance affects 20-60% of patients with psychiatric disorders; and is associated with increased healthcare burden and costs up to ten-fold higher relative to patients in general. Whilst there has been a recent increase in the proportion of psychiatric research focussing on treatment resistance (R = 0.71, p < 0.

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Intercellular mechanisms by which the stromal microenvironment contributes to solid tumor progression and targeted therapy resistance remain poorly understood, presenting significant clinical hurdles. PEAK1 (Pseudopodium-Enriched Atypical Kinase One) is an actin cytoskeleton- and focal adhesion-associated pseudokinase that promotes cell state plasticity and cancer metastasis by mediating growth factor-integrin signaling crosstalk. Here, we determined that stromal PEAK1 expression predicts poor outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancers high in SNAI2 expression and enriched for MSC content.

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Genome-wide association study of stimulant dependence.

Transl Psychiatry

June 2021

Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.

Stimulant dependence is heritable, but specific genetic factors underlying the trait have not been identified. A genome-wide association study for stimulant dependence was performed in a discovery cohort of African- (AA) and European-ancestry (EA) subjects ascertained for genetic studies of alcohol, opioid, and cocaine use disorders. The sample comprised individuals with DSM-IV stimulant dependence (393 EA cases, 5288 EA controls; 155 AA cases, 5603 AA controls).

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Authors' Response.

Pediatrics

July 2021

Associate Professor, Pediatric Emergency Physician, and Health Services Researcher, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago.

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