Mobilization in Neurocritical Care: Challenges and Opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: Mobilization in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) significantly improves outcomes and functional recovery while preventing immobility-related complications. The heterogeneity of neurologic conditions necessitates tailored, interdisciplinary mobilization strategies. This article reviews recent research on enhancing the feasibility and effectiveness of mobilization interventions in NICU settings.

The financial impact of MD-PhD training compared with MD training for academic physicians.

To reduce debt burden and encourage the pursuit of research-focused careers, most MD-PhD programs provide medical school tuition remission and an annual stipend. However, prolonged training compared with MD physicians postpones the time until MD-PhD physicians earn a full salary. We compared lifetime earning potential for MD-PhD physicians in academia with their MD colleagues in the same clinical specialty.

Postpartum Readmissions Among Patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Given risks associated with CHD in the postpartum period, epidemiologic data identifying risk factors and timing of complications may be useful in improving postpartum care.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine timing of, risk factors for, and complications associated with 60-day postpartum readmissions following deliveries with maternal congenital heart disease (CHD).

Study Design: The 2010-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database was used for this retrospective cohort study.

Excess Diagnosis Coding In Medicare Advantage: Evidence From Skilled Nursing Facility Clinical Assessments.

Some research suggests that risk adjustment plays a substantial role in explaining the high levels of government spending on Medicare Advantage (MA). We studied whether the reliance on diagnosis codes to risk-adjust payments to MA plans leads to the inflation of submitted diagnoses. Our approach relied on a comparison among diagnoses included in hospital claims, health status measures from similarly timed health assessments completed by skilled nursing facility (SNF) clinicians, and short-term mortality data.

Clinical Management Update of Oral Leukoplakia: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society Cancer Prevention Service.

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) occur in up to 4%-5% of the population, of which oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common subtype. Predicting high-risk OL remains a challenge. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are thought to be of paramount importance to improve outcomes.

Elevating diversity, inclusion, and health equity in Pediatric Heart Network Scholars grant funding: unique opportunities and lessons learned.

There is a growing awareness that diversity, health equity, and inclusion play a significant role in improving patient outcomes and advancing knowledge. The Pediatric Heart Network launched an initiative to incorporate diversity, health equity, and inclusion into its 2021 Scholar Award Funding Opportunity Announcement. This manuscript describes the process of incorporating diversity, health equity, and inclusion into the Pediatric Heart Network Scholar Award and the lessons learned.

Escalation to Biologics After Methotrexate Among US Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis Grouped by Rural Versus Urban Areas.

Objective: Racial and ethnic disparities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes are well recognized. However, whether disparities in RA treatment selection and outcomes differ by urban versus rural residence, independent of race, have not been studied. Our objective was to evaluate whether biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) initiation after methotrexate administration differs by rural versus urban residence among veterans with RA.

Effect of iberdomide on cutaneous manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized phase 2 clinical trial.

Background: Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator, promotes degradation of transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos.

Objective: Evaluate iberdomide efficacy and safety in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in a phase 2 study.

Methods: Patients were randomized (2:2:1:2) to iberdomide 0.

Neuronal alpha-Synuclein Disease integrated staging system performance in PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK baseline cohorts.

The Neuronal alpha-Synuclein Disease (NSD) biological definition and Integrated Staging System (NSD-ISS) provide a research framework to identify individuals with Lewy body pathology and stage them based on underlying biology and increasing degree of functional impairment. Utilizing data from the PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK studies, we developed and applied biologic and clinical data-informed definitions for the NSD-ISS across the disease continuum. Individuals enrolled as Parkinson's disease, Prodromal, or Healthy Controls were defined and staged based on biological, clinical, and functional anchors at baseline.

Generation of a fluorescent mNeonGreen insulin reporter line in the H1 (WA01) hESC background.

Over the past decade, the use of human stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells) to model pancreatic β cell development, function and disease has become increasingly common. Though protocols are rapidly improving, current directed differentiation strategies do not yield a pure population of insulin-positive SC-β cells in vitro. Therefore, it is experimentally advantageous to have reporter lines that allow for live sorting of insulin-positive populations.

Vaccine Development Should Be Polytheistic, Not Monotheistic.

Vaccines based on messenger RNA technology have been tremendously successful, but their properties are not necessarily ideal for all pathogens. There is a risk that concentration on that technology alone for new vaccine development will ignore older technologies that have properties giving broader and more persistent protection.

Dual-Eligible Nursing Home Residents: Enrollment Growth In Managed Care Plans That Coordinate Care, 2013-20.

Dual-eligible beneficiaries have insurance through two distinct and uncoordinated programs: Medicaid, which pays for long-term care; and Medicare, which pays for medical care, including hospital stays. Concern that this system leads to poor quality and inefficient care, particularly for dual-eligible nursing home residents, has led policy makers to test managed care plans that provide incentives for coordinating care across Medicare and Medicaid. We examined enrollment in three such plans among dual-eligible beneficiaries receiving long-term nursing home care.

The headache research priorities: Research goals from the American Headache Society and an international multistakeholder expert group.

Objective: To identify and disseminate research priorities for the headache field that should be areas of research focus during the next 10 years.

Background: Establishing research priorities helps focus and synergize the work of headache investigators, allowing them to reach the most important research goals more efficiently and completely.

Methods: The Headache Research Priorities organizing and executive committees and working group chairs led a multistakeholder and international group of experts to develop headache research priorities.

Association of Adverse Clinical Outcomes With Peri-Infarct Ischemia Detected by Stress Cardiac Magnetic Imaging.

Background: Early invasive revascularization guided by moderate to severe ischemia did not improve outcomes over medical therapy alone, underlying the need to identify high-risk patients for a more effective invasive referral. CMR could determine the myocardial extent and matching locations of ischemia and infarction.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate if CMR peri-infarct ischemia is associated with adverse events incremental to known risk markers.

International survey on invasive lobular breast cancer identifies priority research questions.

There is growing awareness of the unique etiology, biology, and clinical presentation of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC), but additional research is needed to ensure translation of findings into management and treatment guidelines. We conducted a survey with input from breast cancer physicians, laboratory-based researchers, and patients to analyze the current understanding of ILC, and identify consensus research questions. 1774 participants from 66 countries respondents self-identified as clinicians (N = 413), researchers (N = 376), and breast cancer patients and advocates (N = 1120), with some belonging to more than one category.