Trends in Sudden Cardiac Death Among Adults Aged 25 to 44 Years in the United States: An Analysis of 2 Large US Databases.

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in early adults aged 25 to 44 years represents an important and unexpected cause of death. We assessed trends in SCD-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020 among early adults to determine differences by sex, ethnoracial groups, urbanization, and census region.

Methods And Results: Mortality data were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) data set from 1999 to 2020.

Evolutionary adaptation from hydrolytic to oxygenolytic catalysis at the α/β-hydrolase fold.

Protein fold adaptation to novel enzymatic reactions is a fundamental evolutionary process. Cofactor-independent oxygenases degrading -heteroaromatic substrates belong to the α/β-hydrolase (ABH) fold superfamily that typically does not catalyze oxygenation reactions. Here, we have integrated crystallographic analyses under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions with molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations to investigate its prototypic 1--3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) member.

Scavenging neurotoxic aldehydes using lysine carbon dots.

Reactive aldehydes generated in cells and tissues are associated with adverse physiological effects. Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), the biogenic aldehyde enzymatically produced from dopamine, is cytotoxic, generates reactive oxygen species, and triggers aggregation of proteins such as α-synuclein implicated in Parkinson's disease. Here, we demonstrate that carbon dots (C-dots) prepared from lysine as the carbonaceous precursor bind DOPAL molecules through interactions between the aldehyde units and amine residues on the C-dot surface.

Sex-Specific Considerations in Degenerative Aortic Stenosis for Female-Tailored Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation Management.

The impact of sex on pathophysiological processes, clinical presentation, treatment options, as well as outcomes of degenerative aortic stenosis remain poorly understood. Female patients are well represented in transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI) trials and appear to derive favorable outcomes with TAVI. However, higher incidences of major bleeding, vascular complications, and stroke have been reported in women following TAVI.

Left Atrial Decompression in Pediatric Patients Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Failure to Wean From Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis.

Background Left atrial (LA) decompression on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can reduce left ventricular distension, allowing myocardial rest and recovery, and protect from lung injury secondary to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. However, clinical benefits remain unknown. We sought to evaluate the association between LA decompression and in-hospital adverse outcome (mortality, transplant on ECMO, or conversion to ventricular assist device) in patients who failed to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass using a propensity score to adjust for baseline differences.

Early prediction of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: Are serum NGAL and serum Cystatin C levels better than serum creatinine?

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), often requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Serum Cystatin C (sCysC) and serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (sNGAL) are emerging biomarkers for kidney injury, and were suggested to be superior to serum creatinine (sCr) in several clinical settings. Moreover, elevated sCysC is associated with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.

Rubella Serosurvey Among Future Healthcare Workers.

Rubella is a very diffusive but relatively benign infectious disease unless contracted during pregnancy, when it causes congenital rubella syndrome. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and titer of antirubella antibodies in a population of future healthcare workers (students at the school of medicine). The cohort consisted of 11,022 students who underwent antibody analysis after the presentation of a vaccine certificate.

Mortality, morbidity and economic growth.

The question of whether and how changes to population health impact on economic growth has been actively studied in the literature, albeit with mixed results. We contribute to this debate by reassessing-and extending-[1], one of the most influential studies. We include a larger set of countries (135) and cover a more recent period (1990-2014).

Development of Care Curves Following the Stage 1 Palliation: A Comparison of Intensive Care Among 5 Centers.

Background Comparison of care among centers is currently limited to major end points, such as mortality, length of stay, or complication rates. Creating "care curves" and comparing individual elements of care over time may highlight modifiable differences in intensive care among centers. Methods and Results We performed an observational retrospective study at 5 centers in the United States to describe key elements of postoperative care following the stage 1 palliation.

Papillary Muscles Abnormalities in Athletes With Otherwise Unexplained T-Wave Inversion in the ECG Lateral Leads.

Background Papillary muscles (PMs) abnormalities may be associated with ECG repolarization abnormalities. We aimed to evaluate the relation between lateral T-wave inversion (TWI) and PMs characteristics in a cohort of athletes with no clinically demonstrable cardiac disease. Methods and Results We included 53 athletes (median age, 20 years; 87% men) with lateral TWI and no evidence of heart disease on clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance evaluation.

Role of Vascular Adaptation in Determining Systolic Blood Pressure in Young Adults.

Background Two individuals can have a similar pulse pressure (PP) but different levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), although the underlying mechanisms have not been described. We hypothesized that, for a given level of PP, differences in SBP relate to peripheral vascular resistance (PVR); and we tested this hypothesis in a large cohort of healthy young adults. Methods and Results Demographic, biochemical, and hemodynamic data from 3103 subjects were available for the current analyses.

Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Neuronal-Type Na Channels: A Novel and Druggable Target for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a comorbidity associated with heart failure and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Despite the Ca-dependent nature of both of these pathologies, AF often responds to Na channel blockers. We investigated how targeting interdependent Na/Ca dysregulation might prevent focal activity and control AF.

The Primary Care-Video Intervention Therapy for Growth-Vulnerable Infants. A Case Study.

Perinatal growth vulnerability (e.g., Small for Gestational Age, SGA) poses the goal to not overlook subtle developmental susceptibilities and their impact on the parent-infant relationship.

Favorable Trend of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Service Life in a Large Single-Nation Population: Insights From 10-Year Analysis of the Italian Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are widely employed for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Despite technological improvements, patients often need to undergo generator replacement, which entails the risk of periprocedural complications. Our aim was to estimate the service life of ICDs over a 10-year interval and to assess the main causes of replacement on the basis of data from the National ICD Registry of the Italian Society of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC).

Changes in the Prescription of Glucose-Lowering Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After a Cardiovascular Event: A Call to Action From the DATAFILE Study.

Background Evidence accumulated that some glucose-lowering medications protect against cardiovascular events ( CVEs ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease. The present study evaluated if and how glucose-lowering medication prescription pattern changes in T2DM after a CVE. Methods and Results DATAFILE (Diabetes Therapy After a Cardiovascular Event) was a retrospective multicenter study conducted at 12 diabetes mellitus specialist outpatient clinics in Italy.

Osteocalcin (bone GLA protein) levels, vascular calcifications, vertebral fractures and mortality in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aims: Diabetes mellitus is recognized as one of the major causes of end stage kidney disease. Bone Gla protein (BGP) is a vitamin K-dependent protein involved in bone mineralization and vascular calcifications (VC). Our goal was to characterize BGP and undercarboxylated BGP (ucBGP) in DM patients on HD, compared to HD patients without DM, and their association with vascular and bone disease.

Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia: A Transatlantic Experience.

Background Despite growing use of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S- ICD ), its clinical role in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia ( ARVC /D) patients remains undefined. We aim to elucidate the cardiac phenotype, implant characteristics, and long-term efficacy regarding appropriate therapy and complications in ARVC /D patients with an S- ICD implant. Methods and Results A transatlantic cohort of ARVC /D patients who underwent S- ICD implantation was analyzed for clinical characteristics, S- ICD therapy, and long-term outcome including device-related complications.

Indexes of jaw muscle function in asymptomatic individuals with different occlusal features.

This study aims to assess the correlation between indexes of jaw muscle function and dento-skeletal morphology. A sample of 35 temporomandibular disorders-free healthy individuals (10 males, mean age 26.7 ± 9.

Relationship Between Electrocardiographic Findings and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Phenotypes in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy.

Background The new designation of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy defines a broader spectrum of disease phenotypes, which include right dominant, biventricular, and left dominant variants. We evaluated the relationship between electrocardiographic findings and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance phenotypes in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results We studied a consecutive cohort of patients with a definite diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, according to 2010 International Task Force criteria, who underwent electrocardiography and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance.