Comparing patient outcomes following outpatient total joint arthroplasty in a hospital setting versus an ambulatory surgery center.

Background: Traditionally, total joint arthroplasty has been performed as an inpatient procedure, sometimes requiring a hospital stay of a few days. However, outpatient total joints have gained popularity in recent years. The purpose of this study is to compare patient outcomes following an outpatient total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or a total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a hospital setting versus an ambulatory surgical center.

A novel machine learning based framework for developing composite digital biomarkers of disease progression.

Background: Current methods of measuring disease progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), largely rely on composite clinical rating scales, which are prone to subjective biases and lack the sensitivity to detect progression signals in a timely manner. Digital health technology (DHT)-derived measures offer potential solutions to provide objective, precise, and sensitive measures that address these limitations. However, the complexity of DHT datasets and the potential to derive numerous digital features that were not previously possible to measure pose challenges, including in selection of the most important digital features and construction of composite digital biomarkers.

Statins-Their Effect on Lipoprotein(a) Levels.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) serum concentration plays a crucial role as a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases and is gaining more and more attention. Patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels are often prescribed statins as they also have high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Statins are drugs that successfully decrease LDL-C, but their effectiveness in Lp(a) levels reduction is uncertain.

Cost-effectiveness of integrated maternal HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B screening opt-out strategies in Nepal: a modelling study.

Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) developed a comprehensive framework encouraging an integrated approach to achieve triple elimination of vertical transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B in Asia. Current screening practices in Nepal show significantly lower coverage for syphilis and hepatitis B compared to HIV suggesting potential for integration. In this study, we aimed to model the cost-effectiveness of triple screening during antenatal care in Nepal.

Lipid-Modulated, Graduated Inhibition of N-Glycosylation Pathway Priming Suggests Wide Tolerance of ER Proteostasis to Stress.

Protein N-glycosylation is a cotranslational modification that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Disruption of this process can result in accumulation of misfolded proteins, known as ER stress. In response, the unfolded protein response (UPR) restores proteostasis or responds by controlling cellular fate, including increased expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) that can lead to apoptosis.

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond 'compassionate use'.

The 2024 Nipah outbreak in Kerala, India-its fifth in six years-and the recurring annual outbreaks in Bangladesh underscore the persistent threat posed by the Nipah virus (NiV) in the region. With a high mortality rate, human-to-human transmission potential, and the widespread presence of bats, the natural reservoir, NiV remains a significant epidemic threat. Despite being a WHO priority pathogen, there has been no systematic effort to improve patient care for NiVD, leading to consistently poor outcomes.

A novel Complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Yager aggregation operators and their applications in environmental engineering.

Improving human health and comfort in buildings requires efficient temperature regulation. Temperature control system has a significant contribution in minimizing the impact of climate change. Temperature control system is used in industry to control temperature.

Top 75 most-cited articles in hand microsurgery: A bibliometric and visualised analysis.

Introduction: Hand microsurgery is an important advancement of the speciality that has improved outcomes in hand trauma and hand surgical conditions. This bibliometric analysis aims to identify the 75 most cited hand microsurgery articles and explore their relevance to contemporary practice.

Methods: The Web of Science core collection database was used to screen and identify the top 75 most-cited articles relevant to hand microsurgery.

Diagnosis and management of de novo non-specific spinal infections: European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) Spine Section Delphi consensus recommendations.

Introduction: The management of de novo non-specific spinal infections (spondylodiscitis - SD) remains inconsistent due to varying clinical practices and a lack of high-level evidence, particularly regarding the indications for surgery.

Research Question: This study aims to develop consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of SD, addressing diagnostic modalities, surgical indications, and treatment strategies.

Material And Methods: A Delphi process was conducted with 26 experts from the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS).

Health outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients with cognitive impairment or dementia: a global collaborative analysis.

Background And Hypothesis: Mild cognitive impairment and dementia (CI) are common in patients with CKD. We aim to clarify whether and how CKD and CI coexistence increases adverse health outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on CKD patients (stages 3-5) from the TriNetX platform.

Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Factor Structure and Construct Validity of Subfactors.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) is a semi-structured interview designed to assess the severity of current BDD. The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the BDD-YBOCS. The sample included 366 adults with BDD who completed the BDD-YBOCS and other measures of BDD severity/impairment, psychiatric distress (i.

Copy Number Variant Does Not Influence Stroke Severity in 2 C57BL/6J Mouse Models nor in Humans: An Exploratory Study.

Background: Contrary to the common belief, the most commonly used laboratory C57BL/6J mouse inbred strain presents a distinctive genetic and phenotypic variability, and for several traits, the genotype-phenotype link remains still unknown. Recently, we characterized the most important stroke survival factor such as brain collateral plasticity in 2 brain ischemia C57BL/6J mouse models (bilateral common carotid artery stenosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion) and observed a Mendelian-like fashion of inheritance of the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) patency. Interestingly, a copy number variant (CNV) spanning locus was reported to segregate in an analogous Mendelian-like pattern in the C57BL/6J colonies of the Jackson Laboratory.

Prioritizing Brain Health in Youth: Bringing Neuroscience to Society and Informing Policy, Lessons Learnt from the European Brain Council Expert Meeting Held at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies Forum 2024.

Good brain health plays a significant role in an individual's well-being and profoundly impacts the collective economy and society. Brain development does not stop at birth, and some aspects continue throughout childhood and adolescence, allowing the full development of cognitive functions. Different determinants related to physical health, healthy environments, safety and security, life-long learning and social connection as well as access to quality services influence the way our brains develop, adapt and respond to stress and adversity.

Environmental sustainability and the limits of healthcare resource allocation.

Recent literature has drawn attention to the complex relationship between health care and the environmental crisis. Healthcare systems are significant contributors to climate change and environmental degradation, and the environmental crisis is making our health worse and thus putting more pressure on healthcare systems; our health and the environment are intricately linked. In light of this relationship, we might think that there are no trade-offs between health and the environment; that healthcare decision-makers have special responsibilities to the environment; and that environmental values should be included in healthcare resource-allocation decisions.

The association between experiences of racism and mental health on children and young people in the UK: rapid scoping review.

Background: Racism is increasingly recognised as a key contributor to poor mental health. However, the existing literature primarily focuses on its effects on adults.

Aim: To identify literature on the association between experiences of racism and mental health in children and young people in the UK.

Multiomic analyses direct hypotheses for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk genes.

Prions are assemblies of misfolded prion protein that cause several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, with the most common phenotype in humans being sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Aside from variation of the prion protein itself, molecular risk factors are not well understood. Prion and prion-like mechanisms are thought to underpin common neurodegenerative disorders meaning that the elucidation of mechanisms could have broad relevance.

Achieving cup target as per spinopelvic assessment is associated with improved THA outcome: a prospective, multicentre study.

Background: Different methods can help to optimise sagittal cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) based on individual spinopelvic characteristics. This study aimed to: (1) assess how often combined sagittal index (CSI) and hip-spine-classification targets were achieved post THA; (2) compare anteversion/inclination between cups in-/outside optimal CSI zone; and (3) determine association with outcome.

Methods: This is a multicentre, prospective, case-cohort study of 435 primary THA for osteoarthritis (53% females; age: 65 ± 12 years; follow-up: 2.

A cross-sectional study comparing passive and eccentric modes of an isokinetic dynamometer to assess eccentric torque in trained athletes: Methodological considerations.

Some technical limitations to using the eccentric mode to measure peak eccentric strength of the hamstrings (PTH) were raised. PTH also has limited validity to predict performance or injury risk factor. Therefore, our aim was to compare PTH and other isokinetic variables tested in the eccentric and passive modes.

Regulation of Rhizobial Nodulation Genes by Flavonoid-Independent NodD Supports Nitrogen-Fixing Symbioses With Legumes.

Rhizobia and legumes form a symbiotic relationship resulting in the formation of root structures known as nodules, where bacteria fix nitrogen. Legumes release flavonoids that are detected by the rhizobial nodulation (Nod) protein NodD, initiating the transcriptional activation of nod genes and subsequent synthesis of Nod Factors (NFs). NFs then induce various legume responses essential for this symbiosis.

Precision in Liver Diagnosis: Varied Accuracy Across Subgroups and the Need for Variable Thresholds in Diagnosis of MASLD.

Background And Aims: The performance of non-invasive liver tests (NITs) is known to vary across settings and subgroups. We systematically evaluated whether the performance of three NITs in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) varies with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status or liver enzymes.

Methods: Data from 586 adult LITMUS Metacohort participants with histologically characterised MASLD were included.

RADAR-AD: assessment of multiple remote monitoring technologies for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide, leading to cognitive and functional decline. Early detection and intervention are crucial for enhancing the quality of life of patients and their families. Remote Monitoring Technologies (RMTs) offer a promising solution for early detection by tracking changes in behavioral and cognitive functions, such as memory, language, and problem-solving skills.

Management and outcomes of thoracic sarcomas - a collaboration between Orthopaedic Oncology and cardiothoracic surgery: seven-year clinical data from a tertiary referral centre.

Introduction: Sarcomas are rare cancers originating from mesenchymal tissues, manifesting in diverse anatomical locations, but notably in connective tissue, muscles and the skeleton. Thoracic sarcomas present a unique diagnostic and surgical challenge attributable to their rarity and pathoanatomy. Standard practice currently comprises wide surgical excision, often accompanied by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

The global Multidimensional Poverty Index: Harmonised level estimates and their changes over time.

This paper describes the database The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): Harmonised level estimates and their changes over time. The global MPI is an international poverty measure based on ten deprivation indicators in three dimensions: health, education, and living standards. The database contains estimates for the MPI itself (the adjusted headcount ratio); related partial indices such as headcount ratio, intensity, indicator-specific indices, and several auxiliary statistics; and changes over time for most quantities.