Excess mortality and life-years lost in people diagnosed with depression: A 20-year population-based cohort study of 126,573 depressed individuals followed for 1,139,073 persons-years.

Depression is associated with premature mortality, but evidence is mainly derived from Western countries. Very limited research has evaluated shortened lifespan in depression using life-years-lost (LYLs), a recently developed mortality metric taking into account the illness onset for life expectancy estimation. Temporal trends of differential mortality gap are understudied.

The Impact of Social Media on Otolaryngology Literature: Analyzing the Correlation Between Altmetrics and Citation Count.

Objective: The altmetric attention score (AAS) is an alternative metric that tracks article sharing via online platforms, reflecting an article's online attention trend. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of social media on Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) literature and analyze the correlation between AAS and citation count.

Study Design And Setting: A retrospective review of otolaryngology journal article citation data and Altmetric attention score.

Arterial Age and Early Vascular Aging, But Not Chronological Age, Are Associated With Faster Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth.

Background Aneurysm size is an imperfect risk assessment tool for those with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Assessing arterial age may help TAA risk stratification, as it better reflects aortic health. We sought to evaluate arterial age as a predictor of faster TAA growth, independently of chronological age.

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of human studies.

Psilocybin is increasingly studied for its antidepressant effect, but its optimal dosage for depression remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis to find the optimal dosage of psilocybin to reduce depression scores. Following our protocol (CRD 42022220190) multiple electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 2023, to identify double-blind randomized placebo-controlled (RCTs) fixed-dose trials evaluating the use of psilocybin for adult patients with primary or secondary depression.

Prevalence and outcomes of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: Mixed method systematic meta-review.

Rapid-cycling in bipolar disorder (RC-BD) is associated with greater illness morbidity and inferior treatment response but many aspects remain unclear, prompting this systematic review of its definitions, prevalence, and clinical characteristics. We searched multiple literature databases through April 2022 for systematic reviews or meta-analyses on RC-BD and extracted associated definitions, prevalence, risk-factors, and clinical outcomes. We assessed study quality (NIH Quality Assessment Tool) and levels of evidence (Oxford criteria).

The EVA Study: Early Vascular Aging in Women With History of Preeclampsia.

Background Early vascular aging (EVA) is associated with higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events and can be estimated noninvasively by assessing arterial hemodynamics. Women with a history of preeclampsia have increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that women with a history of preeclampsia display persistent arterial abnormalities and EVA in the postpartum period.

Workers' Activity Profiles Associated With Predicted 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Background There is a need to explore common activity patterns undertaken by workers and the association between these activity profiles and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored the number and type of distinct profiles of activity patterns among workers and the association between these profiles and predicted 10-year risk for a first atherosclerotic CVD event. Methods and Results Distinct activity patterns from a cross-section of workers' accelerometer data were sampled from Canadian Health Measures Survey participants (5 cycles, 2007-2017) and identified using hierarchical cluster analysis techniques.

Implications of Myocardial Infarction on Management and Outcome in Cardiogenic Shock.

Background The randomized DOREMI (Dobutamine Compared to Milrinone) clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of milrinone and dobutamine in patients with cardiogenic shock. Whether the results remain consistent when stratified by acute myocardial infarction remains unknown. In this substudy, we sought to evaluate differences in clinical management and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) versus non-AMICS.

Establishing diagnostic criteria and treatment of subsegmental pulmonary embolism: A Delphi analysis of experts.

Background: Improved imaging techniques have increased the incidence of subsegmental pulmonary embolism (ssPE). Indirect evidence is suggesting that ssPE may represent a more benign presentation of venous thromboembolism not necessarily requiring anticoagulant treatment. However, correctly diagnosing ssPE is challenging with reported low interobserver agreement, partly due to the lack of widely accepted diagnostic criteria.

Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Model to Predict Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay After Cardiac Surgery.

Background Across the globe, elective surgeries have been postponed to limit infectious exposure and preserve hospital capacity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the ramp down in cardiac surgery volumes may result in unintended harm to patients who are at high risk of mortality if their conditions are left untreated. To help optimize triage decisions, we derived and ambispectively validated a clinical score to predict intensive care unit length of stay after cardiac surgery.

Improving Access to Automated External Defibrillators in Rural and Remote Settings: A Drone Delivery Feasibility Study.

Background Time to treatment is critical for survival from sudden cardiac arrest. Every minute delay in defibrillation results in a 7% to 10% reduction in survival. This is particularly problematic in rural and remote regions, where emergency medical service response is prolonged and automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are often not available.

Atrial Cardiopathy in the Absence of Atrial Fibrillation Increases Risk of Ischemic Stroke, Incident Atrial Fibrillation, and Mortality and Improves Stroke Risk Prediction.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major, often undetected, cardiac cause of stroke. Markers of atrial cardiopathy, including left atrial enlargement (LAE) or excessive atrial ectopy (EAE) increase the risk of AF and have shown associations with stroke. We sought to determine whether these markers improve stroke risk prediction beyond traditional vascular risk factors (eg CHADS-VASc score).

Association Between Palliative Care and Death at Home in Adults With Heart Failure.

Background Palliative care is associated with improved symptom control and quality of life in people with heart failure. There is conflicting evidence as to whether it is associated with a greater likelihood of death at home in this population. The objective of this study was to describe the delivery of newly initiated palliative care services in adults who die with heart failure and measure the association between receipt of palliative care and death at home compared with those who did not receive palliative care.

Dissecting the Contemporary Clerkship: Theory-based Educational Trial of Videos Versus Lectures in Medical Student Education.

Background: Despite increasing use of the flipped classroom (FC) technique in undergraduate medical education, the benefit in learning outcomes over lectures is inconsistent. Best practices in preclass video design principles are rarely used, and it is unclear if videos can replace lectures in contemporary medical education.

Methods: We conducted a prospective quasi-experimental controlled educational study comparing theory-based videos to traditional lectures in a medical student curriculum.

Prevalence and Impact of Treatment Crossover in Cardiac Surgery Randomized Trials: A Meta-Epidemiologic Study.

Background Crossover dilutes treatment effect and reduces statistical power of intention-to-treat analysis. We examined incidence and impact on cardiac surgery randomized controlled trial (RCT) outcomes of crossover from experimental to control interventions, or vice versa. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched, and RCTs (≥100 patients) comparing ≥2 adult cardiac surgical interventions were included.

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients: Role of Aortic Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics.

Background Bicuspid aortic valve ( BAV ) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality. A thoracic aortic aneurysm ( TAA ) is present in ≈50% of BAV patients, who also have an 8-fold higher risk of aortic dissection than the general population. Because the health of the aorta is directly reflected in its stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics, we hypothesized that measures of aortic stiffness and arterial load would be associated with TAA growth in BAV .

Emergency Surgery for Iatrogenic Injuries attributable to Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: When Planning and Time Matter.

See Article by Verevkin et al.

Caspase Cleavage of Gelsolin Is an Inductive Cue for Pathologic Cardiac Hypertrophy.

Background Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive remodeling event that may improve or diminish contractile performance of the heart. Physiologic and pathologic hypertrophy yield distinct outcomes, yet both are dependent on caspase-directed proteolysis. This suggests that each form of myocardial growth may derive from a specific caspase cleavage event(s).

Albuminuria, Reduced Kidney Function, and the Risk of ST - and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background Chronic kidney disease is a recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but whether the risks of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI ) differ in the chronic kidney disease population is unknown. Methods and Results Using administrative data from Ontario, Canada, we examined patients ≥66 years of age with an outpatient estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) and albuminuria measure for incident myocardial infarction from 2002 to 2015. Adjusted Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models accounting for the competing risk of death were used.

[Wastewater-based epidemiology: applications towards the estimation of drugs of abuse consumption and public health in general. The Spanish network ESAR-Net].

This manuscript introduces Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) and its potential in the assessment of diverse aspects related to public health. This methodology can provide data in a relatively short temporal and local scale (typically dialy-weekly at the municipal level) on consumption patterns of illicit drugs (e.g.

The pathology and pathobiology of bicuspid aortic valve: State of the art and novel research perspectives.

Bicuspid aortic valve is the most prevalent cardiac valvular malformation. It is associated with a high rate of long-term morbidity including development of calcific aortic valve disease, aortic regurgitation and concomitant thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Recently, basic and translational studies have identified some key processes involved in the development of bicuspid aortic valve and its morbidity.