ISCT MSC committee statement on the US FDA approval of allogenic bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

The December 2024 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Mesoblast's Ryoncil (remestemcel-L-rknd)-allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC(M)) therapy-in pediatric acute steroid-refractory graft-versus-host-disease finally ended a long-lasting drought on approved MSC clinical products in the United States. While other jurisdictions-including Europe, Japan, India, and South Korea-have marketed autologous or allogeneic MSC products, the United States has lagged in its approval. The sponsor's significant efforts and investments, working closely with the FDA addressing concerns regarding clinical efficacy and consistent MSC potency through an iterative process that spanned several years, was rewarded with this landmark approval.

Comparing the Palmar Radiocarpal Artery Vascularized Bone Graft with Alternatives for Unstable Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: We compared the radiographic union and magnitude of humpback deformity correction when using different vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) and nonvascularized bone grafts (NVBGs) in the treatment of unstable scaphoid nonunions (USNUs).

Methods: This was a retrospective radiographic review of 93 patients with an USNU treated between 2013 and 2022 at a single center by a single surgeon. Inclusion criteria included skeletally mature patients with radiographic evidence of an USNU resulting from failure of either nonsurgical or operative treatment.

Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: The use of electronic cigarettes "e-cigarettes," or vaping is growing in popularity, especially among adolescents and young adults. While the effects of cigarette smoking on oral health are well-established, the exact impact that e-cigarettes may have on dental tissues is still uncertain. The aim of the current review was to summarize evidence related to the effect of vaping on the periodontal health status of e-cigarette users.

Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in high compared to low TB burden countries: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with a qualitative meta-synthesis of themes.

Introduction: Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment poses a significant challenge to effective TB management globally and is a major contributor to the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Although adherence to TB treatment has been widely studied, a comprehensive evaluation of the comparative levels of adherence in high- versus low-TB burden settings remains lacking. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the levels of adherence to TB treatment in high-TB burden countries compared to low-burden countries.

An optogenetic mouse model of hindlimb spasticity after spinal cord injury.

Spasticity is a common comorbidity of spinal cord injury (SCI), disrupting motor function and resulting in significant discomfort. While elements of post-SCI spasticity can be assessed using pre-clinical SCI models, the robust measurement of spasticity severity can be difficult due to its periodic and spontaneous appearance. Electrical stimulation of sensory afferents can elicit spasticity-associated motor responses, such as spasms; however, placing surface electrodes on the hindlimbs of awake animals can induce stress or encumbrance that could influence the expression of behaviour.

Eccentric Reaming is Superior to Augmented Components in B2 Glenoids: a Biomechanical study.

Introduction: Primary glenohumeral arthritis is typically associated with glenoid retroversion and posterior bone loss. Glenoid component fixation remains a weak link in the survivorship of anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty, particularly in the B2 glenoid. The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical properties of two glenoid preparation techniques in a B2 glenoid bone loss model.

Clinical Utility of Systolic Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Atrial Fibrillation: Role of Prospective ECG-Triggered Cardiac CT.

Background: The assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function and quantification of LV ejection fraction (EF) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can be difficult. We previously demonstrated that LV volume changes over the 100 ms of systole (LVEF) can be used as a measure of LV systolic function.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the applicability of LVEF in AF patients.

Apixaban versus aspirin for stroke prevention in people with subclinical atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: subgroup analysis of the ARTESiA randomised controlled trial.

Background: People with subclinical atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of stroke, albeit to a lesser extent than those with clinical atrial fibrillation, leading to an ongoing debate regarding the benefit of anticoagulation in these individuals. In the ARTESiA trial, the direct-acting oral anticoagulant apixaban reduced stroke or systemic embolism compared with aspirin in people with subclinical atrial fibrillation, but the risk of major bleeding was increased with apixaban. In a prespecified subgroup analysis of ARTESiA, we tested the hypothesis that people with subclinical atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, who are known to have an increased risk of recurrent stroke, would show a greater benefit from oral anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention compared with those without a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Interest in digital health tools for miscarriage support: A qualitative assessment of Canadian women facing early pregnancy loss.

Background: Early pregnancy loss (EPL) occurs in 10%-15% of all pregnancies but remains an underrecognized and undertreated condition. In Canada, resources to support individuals and their partners facing EPL remain scarce despite a high burden of psychosocial sequelae. Digital health tools hold the potential to fill important gaps in reproductive healthcare.

From Federal Policy to Bedside Care: A Canadian Perspective on Key Considerations for Nurse Executive Action for AI Adoption - A Commentary.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare represents a paradigm shift with the potential to enhance patient care and streamline clinical operations. This commentary explores the Canadian perspective on key organizational considerations for nurse executives, emphasizing the critical role they play in fostering the establishment of AI governance structures and advancing the front-line adoption of AI in nursing practice. The discussion delves into five domains of consideration, analyzing recent developments and implications for nursing executives.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

Background/objectives: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with rising incidence rates and significant mortality. While tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and viral infections are established risk factors, the role of dietary patterns, particularly adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in HNC prevention has gained increasing attention. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk of HNC.

Hormonal Contraception and Bone Metabolism: Emerging Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies on Post-Pubertal and Reproductive-Age Women.

Background/objectives: This study aims to assess the effects of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) on bone metabolism markers. It primarily measures osteocalcin and additionally examines other bone health markers, seeking to determine their responses to estrogen-progestogen treatments.

Methods: This study involved a comprehensive evaluation of the pertinent literature and a meta-analysis explicitly conducted on data describing women of reproductive age.

Mitochondrial Gene Expression of Three Different Dragonflies Under the Stress of Chlorpyrifos.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide that is extensively utilized globally due to its effectiveness against over 200 pest species. CPF exhibits its toxicity primarily through the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, while mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have also been observed. The present study quantified the transcript levels of mitochondria protein-coding genes (mtPCGs) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction () in samples of larvae of three dragonfly species (, , and ) under different levels of CPF stress.

Proteomic Profiling Towards a Better Understanding of Genetic Based Muscular Diseases: The Current Picture and a Look to the Future.

Proteomics accelerates diagnosis and research of muscular diseases by enabling the robust analysis of proteins relevant for the manifestation of neuromuscular diseases in the following aspects: (i) evaluation of the effect of genetic variants on the corresponding protein, (ii) prediction of the underlying genetic defect based on the proteomic signature of muscle biopsies, (iii) analysis of pathophysiologies underlying different entities of muscular diseases, key for the definition of new intervention concepts, and (iv) patient stratification according to biochemical fingerprints as well as (v) monitoring the success of therapeutic interventions. This review presents-also through exemplary case studies-the various advantages of mass proteomics in the investigation of genetic muscle diseases, discusses technical limitations, and provides an outlook on possible future application concepts. Hence, proteomics is an excellent large-scale analytical tool for the diagnostic workup of (hereditary) muscle diseases and warrants systematic profiling of underlying pathophysiological processes.

Systemic Mechanisms of Ionic Regulation in Carcinogenesis.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation at various levels, leading to tumor growth and spread. This review focuses on the role of ion homeostasis in cancer progression. It describes a model of ion-mediated regulation in both normal and cancerous cell proliferation.

Diagnosis and Management of Skin Toxicities in Systemic Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers.

The landscape of available therapeutic options for treatment of genitourinary (GU) cancers is expanding dramatically. Many of these treatments have distinct, sometimes severe, skin toxicities including morbilliform, bullous, pustular, lichenoid, eczematous, psoriasiform, and palmoplantar eruptions. Pruritus and skin pigmentation changes have also been noted.

Mapping the Gaps: A Scoping Review of Virtual Care Solutions for Caregivers of Children with Chronic Illnesses.

: Caregivers of children with chronic illnesses, including chronic pain, experience high levels of distress, which impacts their own mental and physical health as well as child outcomes. Virtual care solutions offer opportunities to provide accessible support, yet most overlook caregivers' needs. We conducted a scoping review to create an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) of virtual care solutions across a stepped care continuum (i.

DICER1: The Argonaute Endonuclease Family Member and Its Role in Pediatric and Youth Pathology.

In 2001, two enzyme-encoding genes were recognized in the fruit fly . The genetic material, labeled and , encodes ribonuclease-type enzymes with slightly diverse target substrates. The human orthologue is .

Effects of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms of women in the menopausal transition and menopause: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Depression and anxiety may significantly affect women in the menopausal transition and menopause. In addition to traditional treatment strategies such as hormone therapy, antidepressants, and psychotherapy, physical activity (PA) have been increasingly studied, but there is no consensus about their role in menopausal women with depression and anxiety.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of PA on the severity of depressive (DS) and anxiety (AS) symptoms in women during the menopausal transition and menopause.

A systemic review of the utility of antituberculosis therapy for presumed tuberculous uveitis.

Background: Uveitis presumed to be secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare but potentially blinding condition. Difficulty in making an accurate diagnosis and the low incidence of TB uveitis (TBU) contribute to the lack of evidence regarding the best management of this condition. This systematic review aims to analyse existing research to provide a summary of the literature regarding the utility of TB therapy for the management of TBU.

Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dengue and leptospirosis are prominent vector-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, sharing overlapping geographic distribution and clinical presentations, which complicates diagnosis and management. Co-infection of these pathogens places additional strain on healthcare resources in endemic areas. This study aims to systematically estimate the prevalence and mortality rates of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections and assess their clinical implications.

Cereal-legume intercropping stimulates straw decomposition and promotes soil organic carbon stability.

Increasing carbon (C) sequestration and stability in agricultural soils is a key strategy to mitigate climate change towards C neutrality. Crop diversification is an initiative to increase C sequestration in fields, but it is unclear how legume-based crop diversification impacts the functional components of soil organic carbon (SOC) in dryland, including the formation and transformation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). We investigated the decomposition of straw residues, the fate of photosynthesized C, as well as the formation of MAOC and POC fractions using an in situC labeling technique in the soybean-wheat intercropping, soybean-maize intercropping and their respective monocropping systems, with and without cover crops.