Depression and anxiety at 1- and 12-months post ischemic stroke: methods for examining individual change over time.

Background Depression is commonly studied post stroke, while anxiety is less studied. This study presents prevalence of depression and anxiety at 1- and 12-months post ischemic stroke alongside three methods for examining within-subjects change over time. Methods Participants were ischemic stroke patients of the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study (ARCOS-V) with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale data at 1- (n =343) and 12-months (n =307).

Socio-demographic profile of medical students in Aotearoa, New Zealand (2016-2020): a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the socio-demographic profile of all students enrolled to study medicine in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ).

Design And Setting: Observational, cross-sectional study. Data were sought from the Universities of Auckland and Otago, the two NZ tertiary education institutions providing medical education, for the period 2016-2020 inclusive.

CMV neuroretinitis in a post-transplant patient.

This report presents an atypical case of neuroretinitis in a post-transplant patient. A man in his 40s presented to a provincial ophthalmology service with unilateral left visual loss. He was immunosuppressed following orthotopic liver transplantation for end-stage liver cirrhosis secondary to primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Quest for clarity: investigating concussion-related responsibilities across the New Zealand Rugby Community System.

There is a growing concern around concussions in rugby union, at all levels of the game. These concerns highlight the need to better manage and care for players. However, consistency around concussion-related responsibilities of stakeholders across the community rugby system remains challenging.

Kia Tīmata Pai (Best Start): a study protocol for a cluster randomised trial with early childhood teachers to support children's oral language and self-regulation development.

Introduction: Oral language skills are associated with children's later self-regulation and academic skills; in turn, self-regulation in early childhood predicts successful functioning later in life. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the separate and combined effectiveness of an oral language intervention (Enhancing Rich Conversations, ENRICH) and a self-regulation intervention (Enhancing Neurocognitive Growth with the Aid of Games and Exercise, ENGAGE) with early childhood teachers and parents for children's oral language, self-regulation and academic functioning.

Methods And Analysis: The Kia Tīmata Pai (Best Start) study is a cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and children in approximately 140 early childhood centres in New Zealand.

Real world impact of 13vPCV in preventing invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in Australian children: A national study.

Background: We aimed to assess the direct protective effect of 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) against invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (IPP; including pneumonia and empyema) in children using a nation-wide case-control study across 11 paediatric tertiary hospitals in Australia.

Methods: Children < 18 years old admitted with pneumonia were eligible for enrolment. IPP was defined as Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) cultured or detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from blood or pleural fluid.

Implementation and evaluation of a rural general practice assessment pathway for possible cardiac chest pain using point-of-care troponin testing: a pilot study.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and acceptability, and additionally to preliminarily evaluate, the effectiveness and safety of an accelerated diagnostic chest pain pathway in rural general practice using point-of-care troponin to identify patients at low risk of acute myocardial infarction, avoiding unnecessary patient transfer to hospital and enabling early discharge home.

Design: A prospective observational pilot evaluation.

Setting: Twelve rural general (family) practices in the Midlands region of New Zealand.

Impact of removing prescription charges on health outcomes: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Prescription charges prevent many people from accessing the medicines they need to maintain or improve their health. In New Zealand, where most people pay $5 per prescription item, Māori and Pacific peoples, those living in most deprived areas and those with chronic health conditions are the most likely to report that cost prevents them from accessing medicines.

Methods And Analysis: This randomised controlled trial (RCT) will evaluate the effect of removing prescription charges on health outcomes and healthcare utilisation patterns of people with low income and high health needs.

Enabling first and second year doctors to negotiate ethical challenges in end-of-life care: a qualitative study.

Objective: To understand the unique ethical and professional challenges confronting first and second year doctors in caring for people who are dying, and to learn what factors help or hinder them in managing these.

Method: 6 first year and 7 second year doctors were interviewed one-to-one by a senior palliative medicine physician (SD), quarterly over 12 months, using a semistructured approach. Thematic analysis was conducted with the findings, following the general inductive approach.

Assessing the impact of the 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine on childhood empyema in Australia.

Background: Empyema is a serious complication of pneumonia frequently caused by (SP). We assessed the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) on childhood pneumonia and empyema after inclusion in the Australian National Immunisation Program.

Methods: For bacterial pneumonia and empyema hospitalisations, we ascertained incidence rates (IRs) using the National Hospital Morbidity Database International Statistical Classification of Disease discharge codes and relevant population denominators, and calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing the 13vPCV period (June 2012-May 2017) with the 7vPCV period (June 2007-May 2011).

Use of mixed methods to investigate case definitions to improve the identification of serious injury cases from hospital episode data.

Introduction: It has been commonplace internationally, when using hospital data, to use the principal diagnosis to identify injury cases and the first external cause of injury code (E-code) to identify the main cause. Our purpose was to investigate alternative operational definitions of serious non-fatal injury to identify cases of interest for injury surveillance, both overall and for four common causes of injury.

Methods: Serious non-fatal injury cases were identified from New Zealand (NZ) hospital discharge data using an alternative definition: that is, case selection using principal and additional diagnoses.