Artificial intelligence in surgical pathology - Where do we stand, where do we go?

Surgical and neuropathologists continuously search for new and disease-specific features, such as independent predictors of tumor prognosis or determinants of tumor entities and sub-entities. This is a task where artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) systems could significantly contribute to help with tumor outcome prediction and the search for new diagnostic or treatment stratification biomarkers. AI systems are increasingly integrated into routine pathology workflows to improve accuracy, reproducibility, productivity and to reveal difficult-to-see features in complicated histological slides, including the quantification of important markers for tumor grading and staging.

Circular RNA Profile in Atherosclerotic Disease: Regulation during ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction.

Circular (circ) RNAs are non-coding RNAs with important functions in the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and cancer. Their role in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI) remains poorly described. We aim to investigate the potential circRNAs in immune cells during atherogenesis and examine the most regulated during MI and the modulation by interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibition by tocilizumab.

ABCC1 Is a ΔNp63 Target Gene Overexpressed in Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The transcription factor ΔNp63 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of stratified epithelial tissues by regulating the expression of distinct target genes involved in lineage specification, cell stemness, cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we identified the ABC transporter subfamily member as a novel ΔNp63 target gene. We found that in immortalized human keratinocytes and in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells, ∆Np63 induces the expression of ABCC1 by physically occupying a p63-binding site (p63 BS) located in the first intron of the gene locus.

25-Hydroxycholesterol attenuates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown in vitro.

Intracellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated by the SREBP-2 and LXR signaling pathways. The effects of inflammation on these molecular mechanisms remain poorly studied, especially at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) level. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with BBB dysfunction.

Problematic anger among military personnel after combat deployment: prevalence and risk factors.

Background: Problematic anger, characterized by excessive frequency, intensity, and duration of anger which causes substantial emotional distress and functional interference, poses a marked challenge in military populations. Despite its importance, research on this topic is limited. This study contributes to the literature by exploring problematic anger in a large sample of Norwegian military personnel who served in NATO missions in Afghanistan.

Patients with axial spondyloarthritis reported willingness to use remote care and showed high adherence to electronic patient-reported outcome measures: an 18-month observational study.

Remote monitoring using electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) may improve self-management and reduce the need for consultations. However, knowledge regarding patients' willingness to use remote care and adherence to reporting ePROs is scarce. The objective of this study was to assess axSpA patients' willingness to use remote care and adherence to reporting of ePROs.

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) mouse proteomes for the validation and description of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Background: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics is an important method for discovering biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. CSF serves as a reservoir for interstitial fluid (ISF), and extensive communication between the two fluid compartments helps to remove waste products from the brain.

New Method: We performed proteomic analyses of both CSF and ISF fluid compartments using intracerebral microdialysis to validate and detect novel biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in APPtg and C57Bl/6J control mice.

Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways.

Long-term depot specific changes in adipose tissue after treatment of acromegaly.

Context: Patients with active acromegaly present a decreased adipose tissue (AT) mass, and short-term studies show that treatment leads to AT depot-specific gain. However, it remains unclear if the increase is persistent in the long-term perspective and/or is sex-dependent.

Design: To characterize the depot-specific changes of AT after treatment of acromegaly and identify contributing factors.

Apolar Extracts of St. John's Wort Alleviate the Effects of β-Amyloid Toxicity in Early Alzheimer's Disease.

(St. John's wort) has been described to be beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different extractions have demonstrated efficiency in mice and humans, esp.

Performance and Sensitivity of [Tc]Tc-sestamibi Compared with Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracers to Measure P-glycoprotein Function in the Kidneys and Liver.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded in humans by the gene and in rodents by the genes) is a membrane transporter that can restrict the intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of many drugs and may also contribute to renal and hepatobiliary drug excretion. The aim of this study was to compare the performance and sensitivity of currently available radiolabeled P-gp substrates for positron emission tomography (PET) with the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer [Tc]Tc-sestamibi for measuring the P-gp function in the kidneys and liver. Wild-type, heterozygous (), and homozygous () knockout mice were used as models of different P-gp abundance in excretory organs.

Using hypnotic suggestion in the rehabilitation of working memory capacity after acquired brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Establishment of effective evidence-based interventions in rehabilitation of working memory (WM) deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI) is sorely needed. Despite robust evidence for the efficiency of clinical hypnosis in a wide range of clinical conditions, and improved understanding of mechanisms underlying its effects, the potential of clinical hypnosis in cognitive rehabilitation is underexplored. A recent study has shown large effects of hypnotic suggestion on WM capacity following ABI.

Insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes is often delayed, but access to a diabetes nurse may help-insights from Norwegian general practice.

: We opted to study how support staff operational capacity and diabetes competences may impact the timeliness of basal insulin-initiation in general practice patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This was an observational and retrospective study on Norwegian primary care patients with T2D included from the ROSA4-dataset. Exposures were (1) support staff size, (2) staff size relative to number of GPs, (3) clinic access to a diabetes nurse and (4) share of staff with diabetes course (1 and 2 both relate to staff operational capacity, whereas 3 and 4 are both indicatory of staff diabetes competences).

Genomic insights into isolates from marine bivalves highlight One Health concerns and healthcare linkages.

Enterococci, especially , are one of today's leading causes of multidrug-resistant infections in hospital settings. The marine environment may harbour enterococci, but its role as an evolutionary niche and as a vector for the spread of enterococci is sparsely investigated. Hence, by applying enterococci in bivalves as a sentinel tool, this study aimed to describe the prevalence of enterocooci along the Norwegian coast and in addition the phylogeny of in particular.

How different types of environmentalists are perceived: changing perceptions by the feature.

Introduction: Previous research found stereotypes of environmentalists as barriers to public engagement and identification with environmentalism. Yet, there is limited understanding of the distinct attributes of an environmentalist that influence public perceptions and self-identification. In our research, we address this knowledge gap by analyzing reactions to a range of fictional environmentalist profiles.

Differences in resilience profiles between military veterans and the general population: An exploratory latent profile analysis using the HUNT-4 survey.

Using latent profile analyses, the current work investigated levels of adverse childhood experiences, symptoms of anxiety and depression and 3 dimensions of relational promotive factors) to identify resilience profiles in a large general population sample (N = 161,622, mean age = 53.02; SD = 17.80; 56.

[C]metoclopramide is a sensitive radiotracer to measure moderate decreases in P-glycoprotein function at the blood-brain barrier.

The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier limits the cerebral uptake of various xenobiotics. To assess the sensitivity of [C]metoclopramide to measure decreased cerebral P-gp function, we performed [C]metoclopramide PET scans without (baseline) and with partial P-gp inhibition by tariquidar in wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous mice as models with controlled levels of cerebral P-gp expression. Brains were collected to quantify P-gp expression with immunohistochemistry.

Don't stand so close to me: Perceptions of others' compliance with COVID-19 recommendations and support for strict policy measures in Norway.

Many democratically elected governments in states that are otherwise considered liberal have imposed strict policy measures, including policies allowing for coercion and/or punishment of transgressors to prevent the transmission of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies have indicated that trust in government institutions engenders a positive public response during a crisis and that the implementation of strict policy measures in a crisis-measures otherwise considered authoritarian-can increase trust in government institutions, even in liberal democratic states. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between perceived compliance with government-issued recommendations and individual preferences with regard to authoritarian governmental crisis management.

Phonon-Mediated Quasiparticle Lifetime Renormalizations in Few-Layer Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Understanding the collective behavior of the quasiparticles in solid-state systems underpins the field of nonvolatile electronics, including the opportunity to control many-body effects for well-desired physical phenomena and their applications. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a wide-energy-bandgap semiconductor, showing immense potential as a platform for low-dimensional device heterostructures. It is an inert dielectric used for gated devices, having a negligible orbital hybridization when placed in contact with other systems.

ABC Transporter C1 Prevents Dimethyl Fumarate from Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is a growing health issue with very limited treatment options. To meet the need for novel therapeutics, existing drugs with additional preferred pharmacological profiles could be recruited. This strategy is known as 'drug repurposing'.

Physiological expression of mutated TAU impaired astrocyte activity and exacerbates β-amyloid pathology in 5xFAD mice.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The pathology of AD is affiliated with the elevation of both tau (τ) and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathologies. Yet, the direct link between natural τ expression on glia cell activity and Aβ remains unclear.

Trustworthy management in hospital settings: a systematic review.

Background: Trustful relationships play a vital role in successful organisations and well-functioning hospitals. While the trust relationship between patients and providers has been widely studied, trust relations between healthcare professionals and their supervisors have not been emphasised. A systematic literature review was conducted to map and provide an overview of the characteristics of trustworthy management in a hospital setting.

Internet of Bio Nano Things-based FRET nanocommunications for eHealth.

The integration of the Internet of Bio Nano Things (IoBNT) with artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular communications technology is now required to achieve eHealth, specifically in the targeted drug delivery system (TDDS). In this work, we investigate an analytical framework for IoBNT with Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanocommunication to enable intelligent bio nano thing (BNT) machine to accurately deliver therapeutic drug to the diseased cells. The FRET nanocommunication is accomplished by using the well-known pair of fluorescent proteins, EYFP and ECFP.

Probing the Atomic Arrangement of Subsurface Dopants in a Silicon Quantum Device Platform.

High-density structures of subsurface phosphorus dopants in silicon continue to garner interest as a silicon-based quantum computer platform; however, a much-needed confirmation of their dopant arrangement has been lacking. In this work, we take advantage of the chemical specificity of X-ray photoelectron diffraction to obtain the precise structural configuration of P dopants in subsurface Si:P δ-layers. The growth of δ-layer systems with different levels of doping is carefully studied and verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction.