Climate change aggravates bird mortality in pristine tropical forests.

Stable understory microclimates within undisturbed rainforests are often considered refugia against climate change. However, this assumption contrasts with emerging evidence of Neotropical bird population declines in intact rainforests. We assessed the vulnerability of resident rainforest birds to climatic variability, focusing on dry season severity characterized by hotter temperatures and reduced rainfall.

Extreme Diffusion Measures Statistical Fluctuations of the Environment.

We consider many-particle diffusion in one spatial dimension modeled as "random walks in a random environment." A shared short-range space-time random environment determines the jump distributions that drive the motion of the particles. We determine universal power laws for the environment's contribution to the variance of the extreme first passage time and extreme location.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Forecasting sea otter recolonization: insights from isotopic analysis of modern and zooarchaeological populations.

Retrospective datasets offer essential context for conservation by revealing species' ecological roles before industrial-era human impacts. We analysed isotopic compositions of pre-industrial and modern sea otters () to reconstruct pre-extirpation ecology and offer insights for management. Our study focuses on southeast Alaska (SEAK), where sea otters are recolonizing, and northern Oregon, where translocations are being considered.

Cell cycle-dependent cues regulate temporal patterning of the central brain neural stem cells.

During nervous system development, diverse types of neurons and glia are sequentially generated by self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs). Temporal changes in gene expression within NSCs are thought to regulate neural diversity; however, the mechanisms regulating the timing of these temporal gene transitions remain poorly understood. type II NSCs, like human outer radial glia, divide to self-renew and generate intermediate neural progenitors, amplifying and diversifying the population of neurons innervating the central complex, a brain region required for sensorimotor coordination.

Re-evaluation of mastodon material from Oregon and Washington, USA, Alberta, Canada, and Hidalgo and Jalisco, Mexico.

The presence of at least two contemporaneous Pleistocene mastodon taxa in North America ( and ) invites re-examination of specimens at the geographic margins of each species in order to determine range boundaries, overlaps, and fluctuations. Third molars from Oregon in the United States, as well as from Hidalgo and Jalisco in Mexico, were found to be morphologically consistent with . Washington in the United States includes a number of specimens that could not be confidently assigned to either taxon.

Maternal Western Diet Programmes Bile Acid Dysregulation and Hepatic Fibrosis in Fetal and Juvenile Macaques.

Background And Aims: Maternal obesity increases the risk of the paediatric form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting up to 30% of youth, but the developmental origins remain poorly understood.

Methods: Using a Japanese macaque model, we investigated the impact of maternal Western-style diet (mWSD) or chow diet followed by postweaning WSD (pwWSD) or chow diet focusing on bile acid (BA) homeostasis and hepatic fibrosis in livers from third-trimester fetuses and 3-year-old juvenile offspring.

Results: Juveniles exposed to mWSD had increased hepatic collagen I/III content and stellate cell activation in portal regions.

Adaptive Intervention for School-Age, Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Community: Primary Aim Results.

Objective: The goal of this study is to construct a 16-week, two-stage, adaptive intervention consisting of DTT ([discrete trials training], largely considered usual care for children with autism), JASP-EMT (a blended, naturalistic, developmental behavioral intervention involving JASPER [joint attention, symbolic play, engagement and regulation] and EMT [enhanced milieu teaching]), and parent training (P) for improving spontaneous, communicative utterances in school-aged, minimally verbal autistic children. Intervention was delivered both at school (DTT, JASP-EMT) and home (P). This manuscript reports results for the study's primary aim and a closely related secondary aim.

Impact of microgeography on communication dynamics in a healthcare environment.

Background: For growing healthcare organisations, anchored resources-assets that are not easily movable-may complicate expansion and distort workflow patterns. We examine work patterns at a radiation oncology department of a major Canadian hospital. As this department doubled its size, healthcare providers remained bound to treatment planning rooms and radiation machines at the original site.

Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study.

Situational factors can influence cognitive performance and should be considered for conducting cognitive assessments. The objective of this project was to develop a checklist for Cognitive Assessment Requirements (CARE) to identify these situational factors before conducting cognitive assessments and account for them. This study employed a four-round Delphi approach involving 22 experts to identify situational factors that can impact cognitive assessment results.

Inequality in measuring scholarly success: Variation in the h-index within and between disciplines.

Scholars and university administrators have a vested interest in building equitable valuation systems of academic work for both practical (e.g., resource distribution) and more lofty purposes (e.

Benefits of spaced learning are predicted by the re-encoding of past experience in ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

More than a century of research shows that spaced learning improves long-term memory. However, there remains debate concerning why that is. A major limitation to resolving theoretical debates is the lack of evidence for how neural representations change as a function of spacing.

Validation of the Caregiver Analysis of Reported Experiences with Swallowing Disorders (CARES) Screening Tool for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Purpose: Swallowing difficulties have a substantial impact on the burden experienced by care partners of individuals with neurodegenerative disease. Given this, there is a clear need to easily identify and quantify the unique aspects of swallowing-related burden. The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Caregiver Analysis of Reported Experiences with Swallowing Disorders (CARES) screening tool in care partners of individuals with neurodegenerative disease.

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Bis(dehydrobenzoannuleno)benzenes: An Experimental and Computational Approach.

Given their molecular properties and electronic structure, graphyne and graphdiyne are promising materials with numerous applications in different fields of material science. Dehydrobenzoannules (DBAs) are candidates that can serve as building blocks for synthesizing and designing new 2D carbon allotropes; however, only a few graphynes have been produced on a practical scale. Herein, we present our investigation of three DBAs, which serve as a model to understand the relationship between the structure and property, contributing to 2D carbon allotropes' rational design and synthetic effort.

Seagrass wasting disease prevalence and lesion area increase with invertebrate grazing across the northeastern Pacific.

Disease is a key driver of community and ecosystem structure, especially when it strikes foundation species. In the widespread marine foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina), outbreaks of wasting disease have caused large-scale meadow collapse in the past, and the causative pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, is commonly found in meadows globally. Research to date has mainly focused on abiotic environmental drivers of seagrass wasting disease, but there is strong evidence from other systems that biotic interactions such as herbivory can facilitate plant diseases.

The effects of bilateral M1 anodal tDCS on corticomotor excitability and acquisition the of a bimanual videogame skill.

Most activities of daily life involve some degree of coordinated, bimanual activity from the upper limbs. However, compared to single-handed movements, bimanual movements are processed, learned, and controlled from both hemispheres of the brain. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that enhances motor learning by modulating the activity of movement-associated brain regions.

A Continuum From Positive to Negative Interactions Drives Plant Species' Performance in a Diverse Community.

With many species interacting in nature, determining which interactions describe community dynamics is nontrivial. By applying a computational modeling approach to an extensive field survey, we assessed the importance of interactions from plants (both inter- and intra-specific), pollinators and insect herbivores on plant performance (i.e.

Substance Use is Associated With College Students' Acute Parasympathetic Nervous System Responses to Challenge.

College students use substances for varied reasons, including to cope with stress. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulates bodily functions to promote energy conservation (the 'rest and digest' response), and individuals differ in their physiological sensitivity to challenge. It remains unclear whether greater PNS responses (i.

Attendance of Underserved Populations at Field-Based Health Services Events: Application of Quasi-Experimental Methods that Accommodate the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the ability to receive health care services. Field-based health services became a logistically feasible alternative to medical center-based care. We compared two different field-based approaches to the delivery of SARS-CoV-2 testing and health education services for Latine communities using a quasi-experimental design that included propensity score matching to accommodate the challenges posed to research by the pandemic.

Leveraging the predictive power of a 3D in vitro vascularization screening assay for hydrogel-based tissue-engineered periosteum allograft healing.

A common strategy for promoting bone allograft healing is the design of tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) to orchestrate host-tissue infiltration. However, evaluating requires costly and time-consuming in vivo studies. Therefore, in vitro assays are necessary to expedite TEP designs.

Thought-Feeling Accuracy in Person Perception and Metaperception: An Integrative Perspective.

People often want to know what their interaction partners are thinking. How accurate are they, what information do they use, what predicts how accurate they will be, and does accuracy matter? We organize our review of thought-feeling accuracy, defined as the accuracy of individuals' judgments about the content of another person's thoughts and feelings in live interaction, around these questions. At the same time, we argue that often people are especially interested in what others are thinking about them, such that research on the accuracy of individuals' metaperceptions regarding others' views of them is highly relevant to understanding thought-feeling accuracy more broadly construed.

Electrical impedance tomography meets reduced order modelling: a framework for faster and more reliable electrical conductivity estimations.

Inclusion of individualised electrical conductivities of head tissues is crucial for the accuracy of electrical source imaging techniques based on electro/magnetoencephalography and the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation. Parametric electrical impedance tomography (pEIT) is a method to cheaply and non-invasively estimate them using electrode arrays on the scalp to apply currents and measure the resulting potential distribution. Conductivities are then estimated by iteratively fitting a forward model to the measurements, incurring a prohibitive computational cost that is generally lowered at the expense of accuracy.

Sex differences in the maximal metabolic steady state of fitness matched women and men.

We tested the hypothesis that power at maximal metabolic steady state is similar between fitness matched men and women. Eighteen participants (9 men, 9 women) performed a cycling graded exercise test for maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O). Men and women were matched for V̇O normalized to fat free mass (FFM), which was 50.