Early adoption of heated tobacco products resembles that of e-cigarettes.

Background: Heated tobacco products (HTP) generate nicotine-containing aerosol by heating tobacco rather than burning it. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently authorised the sale of one HTP brand, iQOS, in the USA. This study examined the awareness, use and risk perceptions of HTP in the USA following FDA authorisation.

Relationship between VO , under Water Swim Testing and Artistic Swim Solo Performance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between: 1) laboratory-determined cycling peak oxygen consumption (VO ) and AS performance in a new underwater swim test (UWST), and 2) cycling VO and ventilatory threshold (VT) in cycling and performance score during a simulated AS solo routine. Trained artistic swimmers (n=15, 15.8±0.

Time course of corticospinal excitability changes following a novel motor training task.

Motor learning is known to take place over several days, and there are a number of studies investigating the time course of improvements in motor performance, yet only a limited number that have investigated the time course of neurophysiological changes that accompany motor learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of changes to corticospinal excitability, following novel motor training in the dominant hand, during two sessions of motor training and testing. This study used the slope of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) input-output (I/O) curves elicited at stimulator intensities between 90 and 150% of resting motor threshold for the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in order to measure corticospinal excitability.