Redesigning protonic ceramic electrochemical cells to lower the operating temperature.

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) can operate at intermediate temperatures (450° to 600°C) for power generation and hydrogen production. However, the operating temperature is still too high to revolutionize ceramic electrochemical cell technology. Lowering the operating temperature to <450°C will enable a wider material choice and reduce system costs.

A pan-tumor review of the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors.

Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, comprise a therapeutic class that targets PARP proteins involved in DNA repair. Cancer cells with homologous recombination repair defects, particularly BRCA alterations, display enhanced sensitivity to these agents because of synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival outcomes across various malignancies, initially gaining regulatory approval in ovarian cancer and subsequently in breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in different indications.

Multiscale Finite Element Modeling of Human Ear for Acoustic Wave Transmission into Cochlea and Hair Cells Fatigue Failure.

Hearing loss is highly related to acoustic injuries and mechanical damage of ear tissues. The mechanical responses of ear tissues are difficult to measure experimentally, especially cochlear hair cells within the organ of Corti (OC) at microscale. Finite element (FE) modeling has become an important tool for simulating acoustic wave transmission and studying cochlear mechanics.

Underrecording and Underreporting of Obesity.

The obesity rate is increasing worldwide despite various policies and efforts. However, there is a concern with underrecording and underreporting of obesity in outpatient and inpatient settings which can affect patient care. Local and national reports based on medical records can provide an underestimated rate of obesity.

Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.

Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chemoradiation (CRT) is approved in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) but optimal sequencing of CRT and ICB is unknown. NRG-GY017 (NCT03738228) was a randomized phase I trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) neoadjuvant and concurrent with CRT (Arm A) vs. concurrent with CRT (Arm B) in patients with high-risk node-positive LACC.

Examining the use of interoceptive exposure exercises in people with and without a history of chronic physical health problems.

Interoceptive exposure (IE) exercises are underused, especially in people with chronic physical health problems. Secondary data analyses were conducted to examine the use of and acute responses to IE exercises in individuals with and without a history of chronic physical health problem(s). Participants ( = 413; Mage = 38.

Trends and disparities in cardiovascular disease-related mortality among adults with myeloproliferative neoplasms in USA.

Aims: We aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database to analyse the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods And Results: We analysed the death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 for CVD with co-morbid myeloproliferative disorders in the US population. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed per 1 million population by standardizing crude mortality rates to the 2000 US census population.

"Applications of Machine Learning in Liposomal Formulation and Development".

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative tool in drug delivery, particularly in the design and optimization of liposomal formulations. This review focuses on the intersection of ML and liposomal technology, highlighting how advanced algorithms are accelerating formulation processes, predicting key parameters, and enabling personalized therapies. ML-driven approaches are restructuring formulation development by optimizing liposome size, stability, and encapsulation efficiency while refining drug release profiles.

Selpercatinib mitigates cancer cachexia independent of anti-tumor activity in the HT1080 tumor model.

Anorexia is a major cause of cancer cachexia and is induced by growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), which activates the rearranged during transfection (RET) protein tyrosine kinase in the hindbrain through GDF family receptor α-like (GFRAL), raising the possibility of targeting RET for cancer cachexia treatment. RET-altered cancer patients treated with RET-selective kinase inhibitors gain weight, however, it is unclear whether this results from tumor regression that improves the overall health of patients. Thus, the potential of using a RET inhibitor to address cancer cachexia remains unknown.

Impact of urban trees on carbon dioxide exchange: Mechanistic pathways, environmental controls, and feedback.

The increase of carbon dioxide (CO) concentration in the atmosphere is held responsible for global climate changes. To meet the objective of achieving carbon neutrality and keeping global warming in check, many cities, as hotspots of CO emissions, have been promoting the use of urban greenery, urban trees in particular, to mitigate carbon emissions from the built environment. However, there remain large uncertainty and divergence of the potential of urban trees for carbon mitigation, with the underlying mechanisms poorly understood.

The Impact of Surgical Prehabilitation on Postoperative Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Prehabilitation (preoperative rehabilitation) encompasses a range of patient health driven interventions with the potential to enhance surgical outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties, focusing on physical functionality and postoperative length of stay (LOS).

Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Clinicaltrials.

Prognostic impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) expression on cancer survival and its implications for GLP-1R agonist therapy: an integrative analysis across multiple tumor types.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda), albiglutide (Tanzeum), dulaglutide (Trulicity), lixisenatide (Lyxumia, Adlyxin), semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy), and tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound), are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. While these agents are well known for their metabolic benefits, there is growing interest in their potential effects on cancer biology. However, the role of GLP-1R agonists in cancer remains complex and not fully understood, particularly across different tumor types.

Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health.

Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% of those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due to pronounced neurocognitive symptoms such as brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing to a central role of cerebromicrovascular dysfunction.

Impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on stroke risk.

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and dietary patterns have emerged as a significant modifiable factor in stroke prevention. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, olive oil, and fish, has been widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits. However, its specific impact on stroke risk requires further elucidation.

Recommended Elements of a Musculoskeletal Course for Fourth-Year Medical Students: A Modified Delphi Consensus.

Background And Objectives: A recognized gap exists between primary care physicians' training in musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine and the burden of MSK complaints in primary care. Family medicine interns often lack adequate baseline MSK physical exam skills, which prompted a proposal to introduce a fourth-year preceptorship to reinforce MSK education. The aim of this study was to prioritize the most important elements to include in this new clinical rotation.

Anterior Knee Pain and Knee Functional Scores Following Common Approaches to Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Systematic Review.

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are common, causing substantial morbidity. Intramedullary nailing offers advantages but often leads to anterior knee pain and functional issues.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review on outcomes for different surgical approaches-suprapatellar (SP), infrapatellar (IP), medial parapatellar (MPP), and lateral parapatellar (LPP).

Development and validation of a molecular classifier of meningiomas.

Background: Meningiomas exhibit considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity. We previously identified four distinct molecular groups (immunogenic, NF2-wildtype, hypermetabolic, proliferative) that address much of this heterogeneity. Despite the utility of these groups, the stochasticity of clustering methods and the use of multi-omics data for discovery limits the potential for classifying prospective cases.

Rehabilitation at Home Using Mobile Health for Older Adults Hospitalized for Ischemic Heart Disease: The RESILIENT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Among older adults with ischemic heart disease, participation in traditional ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains low. While mobile health CR (mHealth-CR) provides a novel opportunity to deliver care, age-specific impairments to technology use may limit uptake, and efficacy data are currently lacking.

Objective: To test whether mHealth-CR improves functional capacity in older adults.

Dual harm among patients in the Ontario forensic mental health system.

Background: Dual harm involves the unfortunate experience of harm to self and others/objects. Safeguarding individuals in forensic psychiatric settings against all forms of harm to self and others is sacrosanct. While understanding dual harm is crucial in the care and rehabilitation of patients in forensic psychiatric settings, only a few studies have explored this phenomenon.

Learning from Hindsight: Examining Autonomic, Inflammatory, and Endocrine Stress Biomarkers and Mental Health in Healthy Terrorism Survivors Many Years Later.

Introduction: Terrorism and trauma survivors often experience changes in biomarkers of autonomic, inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis assessed at various times. Research suggests interactions of these systems in chronic stress.

Study Objective: This unprecedented retrospective study explores long-term stress biomarkers in three systems in terrorism survivors.

Impact of Perceived Discrimination and Pandemic Attitudes on Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Asian American Women: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess how pandemic-related health concerns and discrimination affected cancer screenings among Asian American women (AAW).

Methods: A two-phase explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted. In phase 1, a survey was distributed among AAW eligible for lung, breast, or colorectal cancer screening to assess delays during the pandemic, concerns about contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), barriers to care, and experiences of discrimination.

A Lyapunov Optimization-Based Approach to Autonomous Vehicle Local Path Planning.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer significant potential to improve safety, reduce emissions, and increase comfort, drawing substantial attention from both research and industry. A critical challenge in achieving SAE Level 5 autonomy, full automation, is path planning. Ongoing efforts in academia and industry are focused on optimizing AV path planning, reducing computational complexity, and enhancing safety.

COVID-19 Exacerbates Neurovascular Uncoupling and Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects nearly 20% of older adults worldwide, with no targetable interventions for prevention. COVID-19 adversely affects cognition, with >70% of older adults with Long COVID presenting with cognitive complaints. Neurovascular coupling (NVC), an essential mechanism of cognitive function, declines with aging and is further attenuated in neurocognitive disorders.

Adult Cerebellopontine Angle Medulloblastoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features, Management Approaches, and Patient Outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing individual patient data in the literature on adult cerebellopontine angle (CPA) medulloblastoma (MB) and characterize the patient presentation, management strategies used, and oncological outcomes of this rare entity to guide future clinical practice.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from inception to 19 June 2024. Studies regarding adult patients with histologically confirmed MB radiographically confirmed to be located in the CPA were included.