E-Cigarette switching and financial incentives to promote combustible cigarette cessation among adults accessing shelter services: A pilot study.

Background: Smoking prevalence among U.S. adults experiencing homelessness is ≥70 %.

Benchmarking lung cancer screening programmes with adaptive screening frequency against the optimal screening schedules derived from the ENGAGE framework: a comparative microsimulation study.

Background: Lung cancer screening recommendations employ annual frequency for eligible individuals, despite evidence that it may not be universally optimal. The impact of imposing a structure on the screening frequency remains unknown. The ENGAGE framework, a validated framework that offers fully dynamic, analytically optimal, personalised lung cancer screening recommendations, could be used to assess the impact of screening structure on the effectiveness and efficiency of lung cancer screening.

Machine perfusion organ preservation: Highlights from the American transplant congress 2024.

The American Transplant Congress (ATC) 2024, held in Philadelphia, serves as a vital platform for unveiling new research and clinical experience in organ machine perfusion-a key area in organ transplantation. This year's congress gathered 4652 participants from 49 countries, including top experts, to spotlight innovations in machine perfusion across various organ types, such as the liver, kidney, heart, and lung. A total of 87 abstracts on organ machine perfusion were presented.

Autogene cevumeran with or without atezolizumab in advanced solid tumors: a phase 1 trial.

Effective targeting of somatic cancer mutations to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy requires an individualized approach. Autogene cevumeran is a uridine messenger RNA lipoplex-based individualized neoantigen-specific immunotherapy designed from tumor-specific somatic mutation data obtained from tumor tissue of each individual patient to stimulate T cell responses against up to 20 neoantigens. This ongoing phase 1 study evaluated autogene cevumeran as monotherapy (n = 30) and in combination with atezolizumab (n = 183) in pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors.

Trends in use of tobacco and cannabis across different alcohol consumption levels in the United States, 2010-19.

Aims: People often drink alcohol and use other substances concurrently, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. Our aims were to: (i) assess temporal trends in tobacco and/or cannabis use by varying alcohol consumption levels and (ii) identify associated factors of polysubstance use in high-risk alcohol users.

Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study combining 2010-19 U.

Arginine demethylation of Serine/Arginine-rich splicing factor 1 enhances miRNA enrichment in small extracellular vesicles derived from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are enriched in certain miRNAs, impacting the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The mechanisms involved in the selective sEV miRNA enrichment remain to be elucidated. We recently reported that Serine/Arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) regulates selective sEV miRNA enrichment in PDAC cells.

Patterns in mortality associated with heart failure and lung cancer among older adults in the United States: An analysis of 20 years.

Background: Despite an established association between heart failure (HF) and lung cancer (LC), there is limited evidence available regarding mortality patterns among the older (≥65 years) population in the United States.

Methods: The mortality data, spanning 1999 to 2019, was surveyed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database with HF and LC identified as underlying or contributing causes of death. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were calculated per 100,000 individuals.

The Relationship Between Quantitative Ischemia, Early Revascularization, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Observational data have suggested that patients with moderate to severe ischemia benefit from revascularization. However, this was not confirmed in a large, randomized trial.

Objectives: Using a contemporary, multicenter registry, the authors evaluated differences in the association between quantitative ischemia, revascularization, and outcomes across important subgroups.

FLT3 Inhibitors Induce p53 Instability, Driven by STAT5/MDM2/p53 Competitive Interactions in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

FLT3 mutations are present in one third of patients with Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and stand as an attractive therapeutic target. Although FLT3 inhibitors demonstrate clinical efficacy, the drug resistance remains challenging attributed to multiple mechanisms. In this study, we found that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting FLT3 prompt p53 degradation in AML cells with FLT3-ITD through ubiquitination.

Cerebral iron accumulation in multiple sclerosis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies highlight the role of cerebral iron (Fe) accumulation in exacerbating MS pathophysiology. Fe, essential for neural function, contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation when dysregulated, particularly in the brain's gray matter and demyelinated lesions.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies.

Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms are a group of diverse, heterogeneous tumours that range from well-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine tumours-such as typical and atypical carcinoids-to high-grade, poorly differentiated aggressive malignancies, such as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). While the incidence of SCLC has decreased, the worldwide incidence of other pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms has been increasing over the past decades. In addition to the standard histopathological classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, the introduction of molecular and sequencing techniques has led to new advances in understanding the biology of these diseases and might influence future classifications and staging that can subsequently improve management guidelines in the adjuvant or metastatic settings.

Associations between cannabis use and same-day health and substance use behaviors.

Objective: Cannabis use has increased in the United States as states have legalized/decriminalized recreational and/or medicinal use. The primary aim of this study was to examine daily associations between cannabis use and health (physical activity [PA]) and substance use (alcohol consumption, cigarette use) behaviors.

Method: Data from a 28-day nationwide study that prompted daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) were used to assess daily cannabis use, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), alcohol containing drinks consumed, and cigarettes smoked.

Livestock: Public Interface (Exhibition Livestock/Petting Zoo/Agritourism).

The article discusses the importance of biosecurity in exhibitions, shows, and other public livestock venues, such as petting zoos and agritourism sites. It highlights the risks of disease transmission from animals to humans and between animal groups. The document emphasizes the role of veterinarians in developing biosecurity measures and plans, which should be specific to each venue and reviewed regularly.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Sex-specific mechanisms in vascular aging: exploring cellular and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Aging remains the foremost risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, surpassing traditional factors in epidemiological significance. This review elucidates the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging, with an emphasis on sex differences that influence disease progression and clinical outcomes in older adults. We discuss the convergence of aging processes at the macro- and microvascular levels and their contributions to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases.

A trial of radiolabeled antibody yttrium-90-FF-21101 for the treatment of advanced ovarian and other cancers.

Background: Yttrium-90 FF-21101 (Y-FF-21101) is a radiopharmaceutical that targets P-cadherin as a therapy against solid tumors. A previously reported, first-in-human study determined that a dose of 25 mCi/m was safe, and a patient with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary achieved a complete response. In this article, the authors report the results of Y-FF-21101 treatment in an ovarian carcinoma expansion cohort and in patients with selected solid tumors who had known high P-cadherin expression.

Primary scleral buckling vs. vitrectomy for stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical outcomes.

Topic: To compare anatomic outcomes of primary scleral buckle (SB) vs. lens sparing pars plana vitrectomy (LSV) in treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) associated Stage 4A retinal detachment (RD).

Clinical Relevance: ROP is the leading cause of blindness in childhood in industrialized countries worldwide.

Guidelines to Analyze ChIP-Seq Data: Journey Through QC and Analysis Considerations.

ChIP-Seq is used to study DNA-protein interactions, unraveling chromatin states and gene regulatory properties of transcription factors. ChIP-Seq involves immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing using Next-Generation sequencing approaches. The ENCODE consortium provides extensive guidelines for ChIP-Seq analysis.

APC 4099 has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi and produces several antimicrobial peptides, including the novel circular bacteriocin safencin E.

Unlabelled: APC 4099, isolated from bees' gut, has been identified as a promising candidate for food biopreservation. Antimicrobial activity screening revealed a broad-spectrum inhibition potential, ranging from gram-positive pathogenic bacteria to fungi responsible for food spoilage. Genomic analysis identified biosynthetic gene clusters coding for several antimicrobial peptides and secondary metabolites.

Impacts of the US CDC recommendation on human papillomavirus vaccine uptake, 2010-2015.

Objectives: As one type of vaccine policy, the effectiveness and spillover effects of the US CDC vaccine recommendations are inadequately evaluated. This study aims to fully evaluate its impacts on male adults, in addition to children, using better data.

Design: A before-after study design to examine the CDC's 2011 HPV vaccine recommendation for men aged 11-21.

Threads of Care: Unraveling the Impact of Agency Nursing Staff on Nursing Home Quality.

Objective: To assess the association of agency nursing staff utilization with nursing home (NH) quality.

Background: Nursing staff are the primary caregivers in NHs, where high-quality care is contingent upon their adequacy and expertise. Long-standing staffing challenges, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have led NHs to rely on agency/contract labor to alleviate staffing shortages.

Detecting early stages of Alzheimer's disease using a web-based cognitive battery.

Portable and efficient cognitive screening measures are needed to address the growing need for effective early detection of Alzheimer's disease. The Neurotrack Cognitive Battery (NCB) offers an appealing, web-based application that may be sensitive to early cognitive changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The NCB contains measures that were conceptually derived from animal lesion studies.