Trends and Complications of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Among Applicants for the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II and Maintenance of Certification Examinations: Analysis of Data Over a 15-Year Period.

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) are commonly performed surgical procedures that often have a high learning curve.

Purpose: To review the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II oral examination case list and the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination case list databases for trends in MPFLR (isolated and with concurrent TTO) and complication rates.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Scientific evidence in the management of traumatic brain injury in pediatrics: ibero-American academy of pediatric neurology.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common problem in Latin America and affects many children. Research has advanced, but international publications do not necessarily reflect our reality. For this reason, the Ibero-American Academy of Pediatric Neurology (AINP) formed a committee to review the available evidence, evaluate it, and decide how it could be applied in our region.

The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change.

Variations in stratospheric ozone and changes in the aquatic environment by climate change and human activity are modifying the exposure of aquatic ecosystems to UV radiation. These shifts in exposure have consequences for the distributions of species, biogeochemical cycles, and services provided by aquatic ecosystems. This Quadrennial Assessment presents the latest knowledge on the multi-faceted interactions between the effects of UV irradiation and climate change, and other anthropogenic activities, and how these conditions are changing aquatic ecosystems.

extracts reduce germination of native grassland species, suggesting the potential for allelopathic effects during ecological invasion.

Invasive plant species' success may be a result of allelopathy, or the release of secondary metabolites that are harmful for surrounding plant species. Allelopathy can be mediated through the abiotic environment by chemical sorption or transformation, so the substrate on which interactions occur can lead to differential outcomes in allelopathic potential. One aggressive invader, , has become dominant in many ecosystems throughout Eastern US, and has reduced the abundance of native species where it invades.

Retransitioning: The experiences of youth who socially transition genders more than once.

Retransitions in youth are critical to understand, as they are an experience about which little is known and about which families and clinicians worry. This study aims to qualitatively describe the experiences of youth who made binary social transitions (came to live as the binary gender different from the one assigned at birth) in childhood by the age of 12, and who later socially transitioned genders again (here, called "retransitioning"). Out of 317 participants in an ongoing longitudinal study of (initially) binary transgender youth, 23 participants had retransitioned at least once and were therefore eligible for this study.

FCMpy: a python module for constructing and analyzing fuzzy cognitive maps.

FCMpy is an open-source Python module for building and analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs). The module provides tools for end-to-end projects involving FCMs. It is able to derive fuzzy causal weights from qualitative data or simulating the system behavior.

Americans' Trust in COVID-19 Information from Governmental Sources in the Trump Era: Individuals' Adoption of Preventive Measures, and Health Implications.

This study analyzes differences among Americans in their trust in COVID-19 information from governmental sources and how trust is associated with personal adoption of preventative measures under the Trump administration. Based on our analysis of data from a nationally representative survey conducted in October 2020 (effective sample size after weighting = 2615), we find that Americans in general have more trust in COVID-19 information from state/local governments than from the federal government. Variables such as age, party affiliation, religiosity, and race are significantly associated with Americans' trust or lack of trust in COVID-19 information from governmental sources.

Factors Associated With Contracting Between Area Agencies on Aging and Health Care Entities.

Contracting with health care entities offers an avenue for Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) to be reimbursed for providing services that improve health and avoid the need for expensive health care among older adults. However, we have little systematic evidence about the organizational characteristics and policy environments that facilitate these contractual relationships. Using survey data on AAAs from 2017-18, we found that contracting with health insurers was significantly more likely if AAAs had strong business capabilities and access to a state CBO contracting network.

A framework for mapping and monitoring human-ocean interactions in near real-time during COVID-19 and beyond.

The human response to the COVID-19 pandemic set in motion an unprecedented shift in human activity with unknown long-term effects. The impacts in marine systems are expected to be highly dynamic at local and global scales. However, in comparison to terrestrial ecosystems, we are not well-prepared to document these changes in marine and coastal environments.

Photosynthetic adaptation to polar life: Energy balance, photoprotection and genetic redundancy.

The persistent low temperature that characterize polar habitats combined with the requirement for light for all photoautotrophs creates a conundrum. The absorption of too much light at low temperature can cause an energy imbalance that decreases photosynthetic performance that has a negative impact on growth and can affect long-term survival. The goal of this review is to survey the mechanism(s) by which polar photoautotrophs maintain cellular energy balance, that is, photostasis to overcome the potential for cellular energy imbalance in their low temperature environments.

A Morphometric Analysis of Platelet Dense Granules of Patients with Unexplained Bleeding: A New Entity of Delta-Microgranular Storage Pool Deficiency.

One thousand and eighty patients, having prolonged bleeding times, frequent epistaxis, menorrhagia or easy bruising or other bleeding manifestations, and excluding those with von Willebrand's disease, were evaluated for platelet dense granule deficiency. The mean diameter of platelet dense granules was determined for all patients using image analysis. Four hundred and ninety-nine had "classic" dense (delta) granule storage pool deficiency (δ-SPD).

On the importance of spatial scales on beta diversity of coral assemblages: a study from Venezuelan coral reefs.

Estimating variability across spatial scales has been a major issue in ecology because the description of patterns in space is extremely valuable to propose specific hypotheses to unveil key processes behind these patterns. This paper aims to estimate the variability of the coral assemblage structure at different spatial scales in order to determine which scales explain the largest variability on β-diversity. For this, a fully-nested design including a series of hierarchical-random factors encompassing three spatial scales: (1) regions, (2) localities and (3) reefs sites across the Venezuelan territory.

High-resolution Monte Carlo study of the order-parameter distribution of the three-dimensional Ising model.

We apply extensive Monte Carlo simulations to study the probability distribution P(m) of the order parameter m for the simple cubic Ising model with periodic boundary condition at the transition point. Sampling is performed with the Wolff cluster flipping algorithm, and histogram reweighting together with finite-size scaling analyses are then used to extract a precise functional form for the probability distribution of the magnetization, P(m), in the thermodynamic limit. This form should serve as a benchmark for other models in the three-dimensional Ising universality class.

Sutureless vs sutured abdominal wall closure for gastroschisis: Operative characteristics and early outcomes from the Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium.

Purpose: To report outcomes of sutured and sutureless closure for gastroschisis across a large multi-institutional cohort.

Methods: A retrospective study of infants with uncomplicated gastroschisis at 11 children's from 2014 to 2016 was performed. Outcomes of sutured and sutureless abdominal wall closure were compared.

Pharmacologic Management of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is responsible for 5% to 10% of all strokes in the United States annually and is a neurologic emergency with considerable morbidity and mortality. A common complication of aSAH is cerebral vasospasm (CVS) or narrowing of the cerebral arteries. While nearly 70% of aSAH patients will develop CVS, approximately 30% of those patients will go on to develop delayed cerebral ischemia, defined as symptomatic vasospasm or cerebral infarction demonstrated on imaging.

A family of anti-Bacteroidales peptide toxins wide-spread in the human gut microbiota.

Bacteria often produce antimicrobial toxins to compete in microbial communities. Here we identify a family of broad-spectrum peptide toxins, named bacteroidetocins, produced by Bacteroidetes species. We study this toxin family using phenotypic, mutational, bioinformatic, and human metagenomic analyses.

Infants with esophageal atresia and right aortic arch: Characteristics and outcomes from the Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium.

Purpose: Right sided aortic arch (RAA) is a rare anatomic finding in infants with esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). In the presence of RAA, significant controversy exists regarding optimal side for thoracotomy in repair of the EA/TEF. The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence, demographics, surgical approach, and outcomes of patients with RAA and EA/TEF.

Activating HER3 mutations in breast cancer.

Recent studies have highlighted a role of HER3 in ER and HER2-driven breast cancers. We sought to investigate the role of patient-derived HER3 mutations in ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer cells using ectopic expression of HER3 mutants. We found that HER3 mutant is activating with increased cell proliferation in ER+ T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells lacking HER2 over-expression.

Challenging surgical dogma in the management of proximal esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula: Outcomes from the Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium.

Purpose: Perioperative management of infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is frequently based on surgeon experience and dogma rather than evidence-based guidelines. This study examines whether commonly perceived important aspects of practice affect outcome in a contemporary multi-institutional cohort of patients undergoing primary repair for the most common type of esophageal atresia anomaly, proximal EA with distal TEF.

Methods: The Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium conducted a multicenter, retrospective study examining selected outcomes on infants diagnosed with proximal EA with distal TEF who underwent primary repair over a 5-year period (2009-2014), with a minimum 1-year follow up, across 11 centers.

Synthesis and activity of the salicylic acid ester of bakuchiol in psoriasis-surrogate keratinocytes and skin substitutes.

Background: Topical retinoids are effective in retarding skin ageing and restoring homeostasis in skin conditions such as psoriasis. However their adverse effects (AEs), which include irritation (retinoid dermatitis), photosensitivity and teratogenicity, limit their use and patient compliance. Development of retinoid analogues with minimal AEs would allow a broader and more compliant use.

Perioperative management and outcomes of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Background/purpose: Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a rare congenital anomaly lacking contemporary data detailing patient demographics, medical/surgical management and outcomes. Substantial variation in the care of infants with EA/TEF may affect both short- and long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the demographics, management strategies and outcomes in a contemporary multi-institutional cohort of infants diagnosed with EA/TEF to identify potential areas for standardization of care.