Tumor microenvironment and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A crosstalk between the inflammatory state and tumor cell migration.

Objectives: To analyze the inflammatory millieu in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors and the influence of macrophages related-cytokines on the tumor cell migration.

Materials And Methods: Inflammatory protein profile and macrophage population (M2/M1 ratio) of human OSCC fragments were analyzed by proteomic analysis and flow cytometry assay respectively. To evaluate the effects of inflammation on OSCC behavior, we analyzed the role of polarized macrophages and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) on OSCC cell lines (SCC25 and Cal27) responsiveness by western blotting (cell signaling) and time-lapse (cell migration).

NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS alters cell migration by modulating adhesions dynamics.

Background Information: Cell migration requires the coordinated activation of structural and signalling molecules, such as the RhoGTPase Rac1. It is known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex assembly, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cell membrane, also relies on Rac1 activation, indicating a possible effect of ROS during cell migration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS on the migration process.

Effectiveness of sealing active proximal caries lesions with an adhesive system: 1-year clinical evaluation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic sealant to arrest non-cavitated proximal carious lesion progression. The study population comprised 44 adolescents who had bitewing radiographs taken for caries diagnosis. Non-cavitated lesions extending up to half of dentin thickness were included in the sample.

Active application improves the bonding performance of self-etch adhesives to dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of application method on immediate and 6-month resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of three one-step self-etch adhesives systems (Clearfil S(3) Bond (S3), Xeno III (XE) and Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD)).

Methods: The oclusal enamel of 30 human molar was removed in order to expose a flat dentin surface. The adhesives were applied under two modes: inactive (IN) or active (AC) application.

Effect of double-application or the application of a hydrophobic layer for improved efficacy of one-step self-etch systems in enamel and dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of two alternative modes of application (double-application and placement of a hydrophobic resin coat) compared with the manufacturers' directions on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of one-step, self-etch systems to enamel and dentin.

Materials And Methods: Resin composite buildups were bonded to the buccal and lingual ground enamel surfaces and occlusal dentin of third molars using the following adhesives: Xeno III (XE), GBond (GB), Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) as the control. The adhesive systems were applied: (1) following the manufacturer's directions (MD), (2) with double-application (DA) or with (3) additional placement of a hydrophobic resin layer (HR) after following the manufacturer's directions.

Durability of enamel bonding using two-step self-etch systems on ground and unground enamel.

This study examined the early and long-term microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) and interfacial enamel gap formation (IGW) of two-step self-etch systems to unground and ground enamel. Resin composite (Filtek Z250) buildups were bonded to proximal enamel surfaces (unground, bur-cut or SiC-treated enamel) of third molars after the application of four self-etch adhesives: a mild (Clearfil SE Bond [SE]), two moderate (Optibond Solo Plus Self-Etch Primer [SO] and AdheSE [AD]) and a strong adhesive (Tyrian Self Priming Etchant + One Step Plus [TY]) and two etch-and-rinse adhesive systems (Single Bond [SB] and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus [SBMP]). Ten tooth halves were assigned for each adhesive.

Effects of phosphoric acid pretreatment and substitution of bonding resin on bonding effectiveness of self-etching systems to enamel.

Purpose: To examine the etching efficacy of three self-etching systems to unconditioned enamel and to phosphoric-acid conditioned enamel using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to investigate the microtensile bond strength (muTBS) of three self-etching adhesives to unconditioned enamel used according to the manufacturers' instructions, on phosphoric-acid conditioned enamel, and when their different adhesives were replaced with a control resin after etching.

Materials And Methods: Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus (TY), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD) were employed. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SBMP), an etch-and-rinse adhesive, was used as control.

Effect of prolonged application times on the durability of resin-dentin bonds.

Objectives: To examine the effect of prolonged application time on the early and 3-year resin-dentin microtensile bond strength.

Methods: Water/ethanol (Single Bond [SB]) and acetone-based systems (One Step [OS]) were employed. A flat superficial dentin surface was exposed in third human molars by wet abrasion.

Impact of adhesive application to wet and dry dentin on long-term resin-dentin bond strengths.

This study compared the effects of moisture and rubbing action on the immediate and one-year microtensile bond strength (BS) of an ethanol/water-based adhesive system (Single Bond [SB]) and an acetone-based system (One Step [OS]) to dentin. A flat superficial dentin surface on 60 human molars was exposed by wet abrasion. Two coats of the adhesives were applied on either a dry (D) or rewetted surface (W) with no (NRA), slight (SRA) or vigorous rubbing action (VRA).

A 12-month clinical evaluation of composite resins in class III restorations.

Purpose: This paired-tooth randomized controlled prospective clinical study compared the clinical performance of three composite resins in Class III cavities after 12 months.

Materials And Methods: Three materials were evaluated: a microfilled composite resin (Durafill VS), a hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250), and a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Supreme). Thirty-eight patients having at least three Class III restorations were enrolled in this study.

Study of the buffering capacity, pH and salivary flow rate in type 2 well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetic patients.

Purpose: This study measured the flow rate, pH and buffering capacity of saliva from well- and poorly metabolically controlled Type 2 diabetic patients in three cities of the southern part of Brazil, compared with healthy individuals from the same cities.

Materials And Methods: Whole saliva was collected by mechanical stimulation and buffering capacity and glucose level were measured. Blood was collected after 12 hours fasting and glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations were determined.

Influence of enamel border and regional variability on durability of resin-dentin bonds.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of enamel border on regional resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (muTBS) over time.

Methods: Thirty human third molars had a flat dentine surface exposed. Two adhesive systems (Single Bond [SB] and ScotchBond Multi Purpose Plus [SBMP]) were applied and composite resin crowns (Filtek Z250) were constructed.

Six-month bracket survival with a self-etch adhesive.

Objective: To evaluate, over a 6-month period, the clinical performance of a self-etch adhesive (Transbond Plus Self-Etching) compared with a conventional adhesive that uses the etch and rinse approach (Transbond XT).

Materials And Methods: One operator, using the straight-wire technique, placed 567 metallic brackets in 30 patients (age range 12-18 years) such that homologous teeth from the same arch received different materials. The brackets were bonded following the manufacturer's instruction except for the fact that the self-etch system was brushed for a longer time than recommended (10-15 seconds).

A 24-month follow-up of flowable resin composite as an intermediate layer in non-carious cervical lesions.

This study compared the clinical performance of a microhybrid resin composite to lined Class V restorations or to those restorations without a flowable resin composite over a 24-month period. Nineteen patients with at least 2 pairs of equivalent cervical erosion/attrition/abfraction lesions, under occlusion, were enrolled in this study. A total of 74 restorations were placed, half for each group (Single-Bond + Filtek-Flow + Filtek Z250 or Single-Bond + Filtek Z250).

A six-month clinical study of a self-etching and an etch-and-rinse adhesive applied as recommended and after doubling the number of adhesive coats.

Purpose: In an intra-individual comparison, a 6-month randomized, controlled prospective study evaluated the clinical performance of a self-etching and an etch-and-rinse adhesive in noncarious cervical lesions applied as recommended and after doubling the number of adhesive coats.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with at least two pairs of similar sized noncarious cervical lesions participated. One hundred sixteen restorations were placed and divided into the following groups: OS2: phosphoric acid + One Step Plus applied accordingto manufacturer's recommendation (2 coats of adhesive); OS4: phosphoric acid + One Step Plus (4 coats of adhesive); TY2: Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus applied according to manufacturer's recommendation (2 coats of adhesive); TY4: Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus (4 coats of adhesive).

A 2-year evaluation of moisture on microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of moisture on the resin-dentin mu-bond strength (BS) and silver nitrate uptake (SNU) of three adhesive systems (Single Bond, One-Step and Syntac Single Component) soon after bonding (IM) and after 2 years of water storage (2Y).

Methods: Dentin surfaces were bonded on a dry (D), moist (W) or over-wet surfaces (OW). After restorations were constructed, specimens were stored in water (37 degrees C/24h).

Clinical evaluation of a nanofilled composite in posterior teeth: 12-month results.

This study compared the clinical performance of a nanofilled resin composite for posterior restorations with 2 microhybrid and 1 packable composite after 12 months of clinical service. Forty-two patients with at least 5 Class I or II restorations under occlusion were enrolled in this study. A total of 148 restorations were placed, 25% for each material (Filtek Supreme, Pyramid, Esthet-X or Tetric Ceram).

Effects of moisture degree and rubbing action on the immediate resin-dentin bond strength.

Objectives: To compare the effects of moisture and rubbing action on the microtensile bond strength (BS) of an ethanol/water-based (Single Bond [SB]) and an acetone-based system (One-Step [OS]) to dentin.

Methods: On 60 human molars, a flat superficial dentin surface was exposed by wet abrasion. Two coats of the adhesives were applied on either a dry (D) or rewetted surface (W), under no rubbing action (NRA), slight (SRA) or vigorous rubbing action (VRA).

Occlusal caries detection: a comparison of a laser fluorescence system and conventional methods.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a laser fluorescence (LF) device (DIAGNOdent) with a visual and radiographic scoring system for in vitro detection of occlusal caries and to evaluate the effect of 1% NaOCl immersion on the LF readings.

Methods: A total of 54 extracted third molars with macroscopically intact occlusal surfaces were selected. Three examiners assessed 105 sites by visual inspection (VI), bitewing radiography (BWR), and LF.

Clinical effectiveness of laser fluorescence, visual inspection and radiography in the detection of occlusal caries.

The aim of this in vivo study was to compare a laser fluorescence (LF) device with Ekstrand's visual scoring system and radiographic assessment for detection of occlusal caries. Thirty-eight adults aged 19-35 years participated in the study; a total of 57 third molars with macroscopically intact occlusal surfaces were selected. Two examiners assessed 110 sites by visual inspection (VI), bitewing radiography (BW) and LF.

Marginal adaptation and hardness of resin composite restorations activated with four energies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of variations in light intensity versus exposure time, under the same energy density, on the marginal adaptation and hardness of resin composites restorations.

Materials And Methods: The occlusal surfaces of 20 third molars were flattened with 180-grit SiC paper and a Class I cavity was prepared (4 mm wide, 4 mm long, and 2 mm deep). The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 teeth).

An 18-months' evaluation of self-etch and etch & rinse adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions.

Objective: In this intra-individual comparison (an 18-months' randomized, controlled prospective study), we evaluated the clinical performance of one self-etch and one "etch & rinse" adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with at least two pairs of similar-sized non-carious cervical lesions participated. Seventy-eight restorations were placed; 39 with etch & rinse (Single-Bond) and 39 with self-etch (Adper Prompt).

Comparison of intra- and intertooth resin-dentin bond strength variability.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and intertooth microtensile bond strength variability of two adhesive systems applied to dentin.

Materials And Methods: Twenty human third molars were ground to expose a flat dentin surface. Two adhesive systems (Single Bond and One Step) were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions and composite resin crowns were constructed incrementally.

Long-term monitoring of microleakage of different amalgams with different liners.

Statement Of Problem: Microleakage is a major factor contributing to the occurrence of secondary caries around amalgam restorations. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of amalgam type, liner type, and storage period on microleakage.

Material And Methods: Two hundred seventy bovine incisors were divided into 18 groups (n = 15).

Bonded amalgam restorations: microleakage and tensile bond strength evaluation.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength (BS) and microleakage (MI) of bonded amalgam restorations to dentin when an unfilled and a filled system are used under three application modes.

Material And Methods: Seventy-two and 96 human molars, respectively, were employed for BS and MI tests. For BS, the occlusal surface of the molars was ground flat until dentin exposure.